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“Wood-nacre”:Development of a bio-inspired Wood-Based Composite for Beam and 3D-Surface Elements with Improved Failure Mechanisms

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Journal of bionic Engineering 2023年第4期20卷 1701-1711页

作者： Ulrich Müller Peter Halbauer Alexander Stadlmann Maximilian Grabner Hajir Al-musawi Bernhard Ungerer Maximilian Pramreiter Department of Material Science and Process Engineering Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable MaterialsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesKonrad-Lorenz-Straße 243430Tulln an der DonauAustria Hycobility Engineering&Technologies GmbH Stadiongasse 6-8/Top281010ViennaAustria

Following the natural structure of the nacre,the material studied consists of a multitude of hexagonal tiles that are glued together in an offset manner with a ductile adhesive.This so-called“wood nacre”consists of macroscopic tiles of birch wood veneer with a thickness of 0.8 mm and a size of 20 or 10 mm in diameter in order to mimic the aragonite tiles and the ductile PUR-adhesive corresponds to the layers of collagen in between.E-modulus(MOE),bending strength(MOR)and impact bending strength of the samples were determined and compared with reference samples of birch laminated wood.The hierarchical layered structure of the tiles does not cause any relevant loss in stiffness.Like nacre,“wood nacre”also shows tough fracture behaviour and a high homogenization effect.However,strain hardening and high fracture toughness of the natural model could not be fully achieved.The reason for this is the insufficient ratio between the strength and stiffness of the veneer layers and the adhesive.By adjusting the size of the tiles,increasing the strength and surface roughness of the veneers,e.***.by densification,and using more ductile adhesives that can be applied in smaller layer thicknesses,it should be possible to better reproduce the natural ratios of nacre and thus achieve a significant improvement in the material properties of“wood nacre”.In addition to the mechanical properties,the high potential of the new material lies in the possibility of producing 3D shell-shaped elements for lightweight wood hybrid construction.

关键词： bio-inspired Damage tolerance Failure behaviour Hierarchical structure Nacre Work of fracture

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Multi-material bio-inspired Soft Octopus Robot for Underwater Synchronous Swimming

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Journal of bionic Engineering 2022年第5期19卷 1229-1241页

作者： Faheem Ahmed Muhammad Waqas Bushra Shaikh Umair Khan Afaque Manzoor Soomro Suresh Kumar Hina Ashraf Fida Hussain Memon Kyung Hyun Choi Department of Mechatronics Engineering Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243South Korea Department of Electrical Engineering Sukkur IBA UniversityAirport RoadSukkur 65200SindhPakistan Advanced Micro Mechatronics and Energy Lab Sukkur IBA UniversitySukkur 65200Pakistan Department of Ocean Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243South Korea

inspired by the simple yet amazing morphology of the Octopus, we propose the design, fabrication, and characterization of multi-material bio-inspired soft Octopus robot (Octobot). 3D printed molds for tentacles and head were used. The tentacles of the Octobot were casted using Ecoflex-0030 while head was fabricated using relatively flexible material, i.e., OOMOO-25. The head is attached to the functionally responsive tentacles (each tentacle is of 79.12 mm length and 7 void space diameter), whereas Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) muscle wires of 0.5 mm thickness are used in Octobot tentacles for dual thrust generation and actuation of Octobot. The tentacles were separated in two groups and were synchronously actuated. Each tentacle of the developed Octobot contains a pair of SMA muscles (SMA-α and SMA-β). SMA-α muscles being the main actuator, was powered by 9 V, 350 mA power supply, whereas SMA-β was used to provide back thrust and thus helps to increase the actuation frequency. Simulation work of the proposed model was performed in the SolidWorks environment to verify the vertical velocity using the octopus tentacle actuation. The design morphology of Octobot was optimized using simulation and TRACKER software by analyzing the experimental data of angle, displacement, and velocity of real octopus. The as-developed Octobot can swim at variable frequencies (0.5–2 Hz) with the average speed of 25 mm/s (0.5 BLS). Therefore, the proposed soft Octopus robot showed an excellent capability of mimicking the gait pattern of its natural counterpart.

关键词： bio-inspired Octopus Octobot Sub-surface Soft robotics Swimming

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Recent Development of bio-inspired Porous Materials for Catalytic Applications

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2023年第1期39卷 13-18页

作者： TANG Yongquan QI Ganggang WANG Sai MENG Xiangju XIAO Feng-Shou Department of Chemistry Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310028P.R.China Stomatology Hospital School of StomatologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310006P.R.China Key Lab of biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310028P.R.China Department of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P.R.China

Nature has served as a source of inspiration for chemists to design the catalysts with superior performance via mimicking their characteristics,such as active sites,reaction microenvironment and electron transfer behaviors.Over a few decades,many different types of materials have been widely used to construct the biomimetic catalysts.Among these materials,the porous materials have been demonstrated to be powerful platforms for constructing the biomimetic catalysts owing to their high surface area,controllable composition and easy functionalization.In this review,we briefly showed recent advances in the construction of various biomimetic porous catalysts using porous materials for the design of excellent catalysts.In addition,we also present the challenge and opportunities in this emerging field.

关键词： bio-inspired Porous material biomimetic catalyst

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Scalable and Robust bio-inspired Organogel Coating by Spraying Method Towards Dynamic Anti-scaling

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2023年第1期39卷 127-132页

作者： ZANG Ruhua CHEN Zijia YANG Hui WANG Yixuan WANG Shutao MENG Jingxin CAS Key Laboratory of bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceTechnical Institute of Physics and Chemistry(TIPC)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS) Beijing100049P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology(MMST) Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004P.R.China

Scaling usually causes serious problems in daily life and industrial production.Currently,developing passive anti-scaling coatings has shown promises to overcome this problem.In this work,we fabricated a scalable and robust bio-inspired organogel(bio)coating,showing dynamic scale resistance in the oil/brine mixture.The oil layer of the bio coating was utilized as a barrier to inhibit scale nucleation and reduce scale adhesion.The mechanical strength of the coating was optimized by regulating nanoparticle contents.Moreover,the universality of scale resistance was demonstrated by varying the types of nanoparticles,oils and scales.Compared with commercial pipeline materials,such as copper,this bio coating significantly reduces scale deposition after 240-h scaling test(ca.93%reduction).Therefore,this study designs scalable and robust organogel coatings for sustainable scale resistance,which may be used for practical application in oil production.

关键词： bio-inspired Organogel Barrier Anti-scaling Spraying method

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3D-Printed bio-inspired Multi-channel Cathodes for Zinc–air Battery Applications

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Journal of bionic Engineering 2022年第4期19卷 1014-1023页

作者： Xin Men Zhiyuan Li Wei Yang Mi Wang Song Liang Hang Sun Zhenning Liu Guolong Lu Key Laboratory of bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education) College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130022JilinPeople's Republic of China Engineering College Changchun Normal UniversityChangchun 130032People's Republic of China

It is of great significance to enhance mass transfer and improve active surface area in cathodes for zinc–air batteries(ZABs),which promote oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)efficiency and power outputs.Nature has endowed some tissues with special structures to have efficient mass transfer properties and high active surface area.As an important mass transfer part of trees,xylem contains massive long and partially aligned channels,which provides numerous“passageway”and high active surface area for plants to facilitate the efficient transport of oxygen and inorganic salts.The multi-channel structures give an important insight to develop high efficient air cathode.Herein,3D-printed bio-inspired multi-channel cathodes(BMCs),inspired by xylem structures,have been developed for high-performance ZABs via 3D printing.Channels of bionic cathode contribute to forming a continuous supply of oxygen from air.As a result,massive tri-phase boundary regions,where ORR happens,are formed inside of cathode.Moreover,the 3D-printed metal-based framework can facilitate electron transfer during ORR process.Benefiting from the multi-channel framework,the assembled ZABs with BMC-600 show excellent electrochemical performances in terms of the high power density of 170.1 mW cm^(−2) and a high open-circuit voltage of 1.51 V.Therefore,BMCs provide a potential alternative as promising cathode for metal-air batteries.

关键词： Zinc-air battery bio-inspired 3D printing Mass transfer

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bio-inspired Leg Design for a Heavy-Duty Hexapod Robot

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Journal of bionic Engineering 2022年第4期19卷 975-990页

作者： Haoyuan Yi Zhenyu Xu Xueting Xin Liming Zhou Xin Luo State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Research Institute Inner Mongolia First Machinery Group Co.LtdBaotou 014030China

The leg structure is crucial to the legged robot's motion performance.With the size and load of the legged robot increasing,the difficulty of leg design increases sharply.inspired by biomechanics,this paper proposes a leg design approach based on effective mechanical advantage(EMA)for developing the heavy-duty legged robot.The bio-inspired design approach can reduce the demand for joint actuation forces during walking by optimizing the ratio relationship between the joint driving force and ground contact force.A dimensionless EMA model of the leg for the heavy-duty legged robot is constructed in this paper.Leg dimensions and hinge point locations are optimized according to the EMA and energy-optimal criterion.Based on the optimal leg structure,an electrically driven tri-segmented leg prototype is developed.The leg's joint hinge points are located near the main support line,and the load-to-weight ratio is 15:1.The leg can realize a swing frequency of 0.63 Hz at the stride length of 0.8 m,and the maximum stride length can reach 1.5 m.

关键词： Legged robot EMA Heavy-duty bio-inspired

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Optimized bio-inspired Micro-pillar Dry Adhesive and Its Application for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Adhering on and Detaching from a Ceiling

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Journal of bionic Engineering 2020年第1期17卷 45-54页

作者： Qingsong He Xianrui Xu Zhiwei Yu Kai Huo Zhaoyang Wang Nuo Chen Xuean Sun Gui Yin Peile Du Yang Li Zhendong Dai Institute of bio-inspired Structure and Surface Engineering Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Functional MaterialsCollege of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringNanjing University of Aeronautics&AstronauticsNanjing 210016China College of Astronautics Nanjing University of Aeronautics&AstronauticsNanjing 210016China China Ship Development and Design Center Shanghai Branch Shanghai 201108China

Various bio-inspired dry adhesive materials have been investigated.In this work,lithography and silicon deep etching method were used to fabricate bio-inspired micro-pillar dry adhesive materials of which the parameters,such as side length,Height to Side length Aspect Ratio(HSAR),and inter-pillar Distance to Side length Aspect Ratio(DSAR)were comprehensively studied to obtain a dry adhesive with high adhesion.An orthogonal array method was designed and a series of fabrication experiments were conducted to identify optimum parameters,which resulted in a high normal adhesion of 2.98 N·cm^-2 and a shear adhesion of 9.59 N·cm^-2.An adhesion and desorption device was further designed on basis of the optimum dry adhesive,which enables an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)to successfully adhere on and detach from a ceiling.This would allow an UAV to stay aloft for prolonged time,which could be invaluable to many applications,such as energy conservation and aerial detection.

关键词： bio-inspired dry adhesive orthogonal array method UAV adhere ceiling

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An Efficient bio-inspired Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst:MnO_(x)Nanosheets Incorporated Iron Phthalocyanine Functionalized Graphene

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能源与环境材料（英文） 2021年第3期4卷 474-480页

作者： Xing Wu Yi Cheng Jean-Pierre Veder San Ping Jiang Department of Environmental Engineering School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China National Engineering Technology Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy-metal Pollution Changsha 410083China John de Laeter Centre Curtin UniversityPerth WA 6102Australia Fuels and Energy Technology Institute Curtin UniversityPerth WA 6102Australia

Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts play a critical role in energy storage and conversion devices and have been attracted enormous interests,and however,it remains challenging to develop highly active cheap catalysts in a simple and green route.inspired by the heme-copper oxidases(HOCs),in which the ORR active center is originated from the incorporation of Fe-N_(4)with copper atom,we here developed a fine manganese oxide nanosheets(MnO_(x)NSs)integrated with iron phthalocyanine(FePc)anchored on highly conductive graphene(MnO_(x)/FePc-G)through a green route only involve ethanol as the reagent.The bio-inspired catalyst MnO_(x)/Fe Pc-G demonstrated high ORR activity with a half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.887 V,about 57 mV more positive than that of Pt/C.And the current density(j)at 0.9 V is about 1.9 m A cm^(-2),which is three times of Pt/C and FePc-G.More importantly,the bio-inspired systems show superior stability in comparison to commercial Pt/C,showing a potential of 0.863 V to deliver a j of 3 mA cm^(-2)after 18000 s polarization,about 80 mV higher than that of 0.783 V for Pt/C.The high activity is contributed by the integration of the Fe Pc and MnO_(x)NSs that plays the role to assist the cleavage of the O_(2)bond.Our approach provides a new evidence to develop highly efficient ORR catalysts through imitate the naturally involved systems through a simple route.

关键词： bio-inspired heme-copper oxidases iron phthalocyanine MnO_(x)nanosheets oxygen reduction reaction

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Integration of bio-inspired lanthanide-transition metal cluster and P-doped carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting

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National Science Review 2021年第9期8卷 41-49页

作者： Rong Chen Gui-Lin Zhuang Zhi-Ye Wang Yi-Jing Gao Zhe Li Cheng Wang Yang Zhou Ming-Hao Du Suyuan Zeng La-Sheng Long Xiang-Jian Kong Lan-Sun Zheng Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng University

Photosynthesis in nature uses the Mn4CaO5cluster as the oxygen-evolving center to catalyze the water oxidation efficiently in photosystem II. Herein, we demonstrate bio-inspired heterometallic Ln Co3(Ln=Nd, Eu and Ce) clusters, which can be viewed as synthetic analogs of the Ca Mn4O5cluster.Anchoring Ln Co3on phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitrides (PCN) shows efficient overall water splitting without any sacrificial reagents. The Nd Co3/PCN-c photocatalyst exhibits excellent water splitting activity and a quantum efficiency of 2.0%at 350 nm. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the transfer of a photoexcited electron and hole into the PCN and Ln Co3for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, respectively. A density functional theory (DFT) calculation showed the cooperative water activation on lanthanide and O-O bond formation on transition metal for water oxidation. This work not only prepares a synthetic model of a bio-inspired oxygen-evolving center but also provides an effective strategy to realize light-driven overall water splitting.

关键词： bio-inspired lanthanide-transition metal cluster photocatalytic overall water splitting synergistic effects oxygen-evolving center

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Nanoscale All-Oxide-Heterostructured bio-inspired Optoresponsive Nociceptor

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第7期12卷 13-28页

作者： Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari Jie Hu Francis Verpoort Hongliang Lu Serge Zhuiykov Centre for Environmental and Energy Research Ghent University Global CampusIncheonSouth Korea Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University9000 GhentBelgium College of Information Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiPeople’s Republic of China Laboratory of Organometallics Catalysis and Ordered MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070People’s Republic of China School of Microelectronic Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China

Retina nociceptor,as a key sensory receptor,not only enables the transport of warning signals to the human central nervous system upon its exposure to noxious stimuli,but also triggers the motor response that minimizes potential sensitization.In this study,the capability of two-dimensional all-oxide-heterostructured artificial nociceptor as a single device with tunable properties was confirmed.Newly designed nociceptors utilize ultra-thin sub-stoichiometric TiO2–Ga2O3 heterostructures,where the thermally annealed Ga2O3 films play the role of charge transfer controlling component.It is discovered that the phase transformation in Ga2O3 is accompanied by substantial jump in conductivity,induced by thermally assisted internal redox reaction of Ga2O3 nanostructure during annealing.It is also experimentally confirmed that the charge transfer in alloxide heterostructures can be tuned and controlled by the heterointerfaces manipulation.Results demonstrate that the engineering of heterointerfaces of two-dimensional(2D)films enables the fabrication of either high-sensitive TiO2–Ga2O3(Ar)or high-threshold TiO2–Ga2O3(N2)nociceptors.The hypersensitive nociceptor mimics the functionalities of corneal nociceptors of human eye,whereas the delayed reaction of nociceptor is similar to high-threshold nociceptive characteristics of human sensory system.The long-term stability of 2D nociceptors demonstrates the capability of heterointerfaces engineering for e ective control of charge transfer at 2D heterostructured devices.

关键词： 2D heterostructures Artificial nociceptors bio-inspired device Heterointerfaces engineering

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