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Inflammation and apoptosis accelerate progression to irreversible atrophy in denervated intrinsic muscles of the hand compared with biceps: proteomic analysis of a rat model of obstetric brachial plexus palsy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1326-1332页

作者： Xiao-Heng Yu Ji-Xin Wu Liang Chen Yu-Dong Gu Department of Hand Surgery Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery ShanghaiChina

In treating patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy,we noticed that denervated intrinsic muscles of the hand become irreversibly atrophic at a faster than denervated biceps.In a rat model of obstetric brachial plexus palsy,denervated intrinsic musculature of the forepaw entered the irreversible atrophy far earlier than denervated biceps.In this study,isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were examined in the intrinsic musculature of forepaw and biceps on denervated and normal sides at 3 and 5 weeks to identify dysregulated proteins.Enrichment of pathways mapped by those proteins was analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis.At 3 weeks,119 dysregulated proteins in denervated intrinsic musculature of the forepaw were mapped to nine pathways for muscle regulation,while 67 dysregulated proteins were mapped to three such pathways at 5 weeks.At 3 weeks,27 upregulated proteins were mapped to five pathways involving inflammation and apoptosis,while two upregulated proteins were mapped to one such pathway at 5 weeks.At 3 and 5 weeks,53 proteins from pathways involving regrowth and differentiation were downregulated.At 3 weeks,64 dysregulated proteins in denervated biceps were mapped to five pathways involving muscle regulation,while,five dysregulated proteins were mapped to three such pathways at 5 weeks.One protein mapped to inflammation and apoptotic pathways was upregulated from one pathway at 3 weeks,while three proteins were downregulated from two other pathways at 5 weeks.Four proteins mapped to regrowth and differentiation pathways were upregulated from three pathways at 3 weeks,while two proteins were downregulated in another pathway at 5 weeks.These results implicated inflammation and apoptosis as critical factors aggravating atrophy of denervated intrinsic muscles of the hand during obstetric brachial plexus palsy.All experimental procedures and protocols were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Fudan University,China(approval No.DF-325)in January 2015.

关键词： apoptosis biceps denervation inflammation intrinsic muscles of the hand irreversible muscle atrophy isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation nerve regeneration proteomic rat models reversible muscle atrophy

Stability of motor endplates is greater in the biceps than in the interossei in a rat model of obstetric brachial plexus palsy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1678-1685页

作者： Bo Li Liang Chen Yu-Dong Gu Department of Hand Surgery Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery ShanghaiChina

The time window for repair of the lower trunk is shorter than that of the upper trunk in patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. The denervated intrinsic muscles of the hand become irreversibly atrophic much faster than the denervated biceps. However, it is unclear whether the motor endplates of the denervated interosseous muscles degenerate more rapidly than those of the denervated biceps. In this study, we used a rat model of obstetric brachial plexus palsy of the right upper limb. C5–6 was lacerated distal to the intervertebral foramina, with concurrent avulsion of C7–8 and T1, with the left upper limb used as the control. Bilateral interossei and biceps were collected at 5 and 7 weeks. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the morphology of the motor endplates. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were used to assess mRNA and protein expression levels of acetylcholine receptor subunits(α, β and δ), rapsyn and β-catenin. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that motor endplates in the denervated interossei were fragmented, while those in the denervated biceps were morphologically intact with little fragmentation. The number and area of motor endplates, relative to the control side, were significantly lower in the denervated interossei compared with the denervated biceps. mRNA and protein expression levels of acetylcholine receptor subunits(α, β and δ) were significantly lower, whereas β-catenin protein expression was higher, in the denervated interossei compared with the denervated biceps. The protein expression of rapsyn was higher in the denervated biceps than in the denervated interossei at 7 weeks. Our findings demonstrate that motor endplates of interossei are destabilized, whereas those of the biceps remain stable, in the rat model of obstetric brachial plexus palsy. All procedures were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Fudan University, China(approval No. DF-187) in January 2016.

关键词： acetylcholine receptor subunits biceps interossei motor endplates nerve regeneration obstetric brachial plexus palsy peripheral nerve injury

Anthropometrics and electromyography as predictors for maximal voluntary isometric arm strength

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2012年第2期1卷 107-113页

作者： Lara A.Green David A.Gabriel Department of Kinesiology Brock UniversitySt.CatharinesON L2S 3A1Canada

Background:Muscular strength can be conceptually determined by two components:muscle activation and size.Muscle activation by the central nervous system can be measured by surface electromyography(sEMG).Muscular size reflects the amount of contractile protein within a skeletal muscle and can be estimated by anthropometric measurements.The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contributions of size parameters and muscle activation to the prediction of maximal voluntary isometric elbow flexion strength. Methods:A series of anthropometric measurements were taken from 96 participants.Torque and root-mean-square(RMS) of the sEMG from the biceps brachii were averaged across three maximal voluntary isometric contractions.A multiple linear regression analysis was performed based on a Pearson’s correlation matrix. Results:Body weight(BW) accounted for 39.1% and 27.3% in males and females,respectively,and was the strongest predictor of strength for males.Forearm length(L3) was the strongest predictor of strength in females(partial R^2 = 0.391).Elbow circumference(ELB) accounted for a significant(p < 0.05) amount of variance in males but not females.The addition of sEMG RMS as a third variable accounted for an average of 10.1% of the variance excluding the equation of BW and L3 in females.The strongest prediction equation included BW,L3,and ELB accounting for 55.6% and 58.5% of the variance in males and females,respectively. Conclusion:Anthropometrics provide a strong prediction equation for the estimation of isometric elbow flexion strength.Muscle activation,as measured by sEMG activity,accounted for a significant(p < 0.05) amount of variance in most prediction equations,however,its contribution was comparable to an additional anthropometric variable.

关键词： biceps brachii Biomechanics Gender differences Mul

EMG Changes of biceps Femoris Muscle during Contraction with Different Loads and at different Speeds

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北京体育大学学报 1995年第S2期18卷 66-66页

作者： WANG Ruiyuan XONG Kaiyu SUN Wei

The study made an observation of electromyograph changes of biceps femoris muscle during contraction with different loads and at different speeds. The results indicated: the IEMG during fast contraction (one elbow flexion each second) and slow contraction (one elbow flexion every two seconds) with three loads (5kg, 10kg, 15kg) didnot show significant difference whether be fore or after fatiguel the MPF of fast contraction be fore fatigue was larger than that of slow contraction: the IEMG during dynamic contraction to fatigue (5kg, 10kg) was significantly larger than that before fatigue; with the loading of 15kg the IEMG after fatigue significantly decreased;the MPF decreased during contraction to fatigue at all loadings.

关键词： EMG MPF IEMG biceps femoris muscle contraction speed output work FT ST