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bi-level programming model and algorithm for optimizing headway of public transit line

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Journal of Southeast University(English Edition) 2010年第3期26卷 471-474页

作者：张健李文权东南大学交通学院南京210096

Due to the fact that headway is a key factor to be considered in bus scheduling, this paper proposes a bi-level programming model for optimizing bus headway in public transit lines. In this model, with the interests of bus companies and passengers in mind, the upper-level model＇s objective is to minimize the total cost, which is affected by frequency settings, both in time and economy in the transit system. The lower-level model is a transit assignment model used to describe the assignment of passengers＇ trips to the network based on the optimal bus headway. In order to solve the proposed model, a hybrid genetic algorithm, namely the genetic algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm （GA-SA）, is designed. Finally, the model and the algorithm are tested against the transit data, by taking some of the bus lines of Changzhou city as an example. Results indicate that the proposed model allows supply and demand to be linked, which is reasonable, and the solving algorithm is effective.

关键词： headway bi-level model transit assignment hybrid genetic algorithm

Flexible Load Participation in Peaking Shaving and Valley Filling Based on Dynamic Price Incentives

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Energy Engineering 2024年第2期121卷 523-540页

作者： Lifeng Wang Jing Yu Wenlu Ji Nanjing Power Supply Company Nanjing210019China State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. Ltd.Nanjing211103China

Considering the widening of the peak-valley difference in the power grid and the difficulty of the existing fixed time-of-use electricity price mechanism in meeting the energy demand of heterogeneous users at various moments or motivating users,the design of a reasonable dynamic pricing mechanism to actively engage users in demand response becomes imperative for power grid *** this purpose,a power grid-flexible load bilevel model is constructed based on dynamic pricing,where the leader is the dispatching center and the lower-level flexible load acts as the ***,an upper-level day-ahead dispatching model for the power grid is established,considering the lowest power grid dispatching cost as the objective function and incorporating the power grid-side ***,the lower level comprehensively considers the load characteristics of industrial load,energy storage,and data centers,and then establishes a lower-level flexible load operation model with the lowest user power-consuming cost as the objective ***,the proposed method is validated using the IEEE-118 system,and the findings indicate that the dynamic pricing mechanism for peaking shaving and valley filling can effectively guide users to respond actively,thereby reducing the peak-valley difference and decreasing users’purchasing costs.

关键词： Demand response fixed time-of-use electricity price mechanism dynamic price incentives mechanism bi-level model flexible load

Planning and Real-time Pricing of EV Charging Stations Considering Social Welfare and Profitability Balance

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第6期7卷 1289-1301页

作者： Suyang Zhou Yuxuan Zhuang Zhi Wu Wei Gu Peng Yu Jinqiao Du Xiner Luo the School of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjingChina the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Technology and Equipment NanjingChina Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co. Ltd.ShenzhenChina

This paper presents a planning and real-time pricing approach for EV charging stations(CSs).The approach takes the form of a bi-level model to fully consider the interest of both the government and EV charging station operators in the planning *** the perspective of maximizing social welfare,the government acts as the decision-maker of the upper level that optimizes the charging price matrix,and uses it as a transfer variable to indirectly influence the decisions of the lower level *** each operator at the lower level determines their scale according to the goal of maximizing their own revenue,and feeds the scale matrix back to the upper level.A Logit model is applied to predict the drivers’preference when selecting a ***,an improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)with the utilization of a penalty function is introduced to solve the nonlinear nonconvex bi-level *** paper applies the proposed bi-level planning model to a singlecenter small/medium-sized city with three scenarios to evaluate its performance,including the equipment utilization rate,payback period,traffic attraction ability,*** result verifies that the model performs very well in typical CS distribution scenarios with a reasonable station payback period(average 6.5 years),and relatively high equipment utilization rate,44.32%.

关键词： bi-level model EV charging station planning particle swarm optimization real-time pricing drivers’preference model logit model

bidding Strategy for Coordinated Operation of Wind Power Plants and NGG-P2G Units in Electricity Market

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第1期8卷 212-224页

作者： Xiang Gao Ka Wing Chan Shiwei Xia Xian Zhang Guibin Wang Shenzhen Polytechnic ShenzhenChina and also with the Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongChina Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongChina School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

The synergies between electricity and other energy resources could promote energy utilization efficiency in electricity *** this context,this paper proposes a bi-level stochastic optimization model for the joint operation of a coordinated wind power plant(WPP)and natural gas generating(NGG)-power to gas(P2G)suppliers participating in the day-ahead(DA)market and real-time(RT)market as well as providing real-time auxiliary *** coordinated supplier’s payoff is maximized in the upper level with consideration of the uncertainties of WPP output capacity and RT electricity price,while the social welfare of the grid is maximized in the lower *** results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed bidding model of the coordinated WPPs and NGG-P2G suppliers by examining its bidding behaviors and benefits with comparisons of four other bidding models.

关键词： bi-level model bidding strategy WPP NGGP2G uncertainties

Conic Optimal Energy Flow of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第4期9卷 963-967页

作者： Rufeng Zhang Tao Jiang Fangxing Li Guoqing Li Xue Li Houhe Chen Department of Electrical Engineering Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin 132012China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

In this letter, we propose a market-based bi-level conic optimal energy flow (OEF) model of integrated electricity and natural gas systems (IENGSs). Conic alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) is formulated in the upper-level model, and the generation cost of natural gas fired generation units (NGFGUs) is calculated based on natural gas locational marginal prices (NG-LMPs). The market clearing process of natural gas system is modeled in the lower-level model. The bi-level model is then transferred into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) problem. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed conic OEF model.

关键词： Optimal energy flow(OEF) bi-level model second-order cone programming(SOCP) integrated energy system

A bi-level optimization framework for charging station design problem considering heterogeneous charging modes

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2022年第1期5卷 8-16页

作者： Le Zhang Ziling Zeng Kun Gao School of Economics and Management Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjingChina Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to optimize the design of charging station deployed at the terminal station for electric transit,with explicit consideration of heterogenous charging ***/methodology/approach–The authors proposed a bi-level model to optimize the decision-making at both tactical and operational levels ***,at the operational level(*** level),the service schedule and recharging plan of electric buses are optimized under specific design of charging *** objective of lower-level model is to minimize total daily operational *** model is solved by a tailored column generation-based heuristic *** the tactical level(*** level),the design of charging station is optimized based upon the results obtained at the lower level.A tabu search algorithm is proposed subsequently to solve the upper-level ***–This study conducted numerical cases to validate the applicability of the proposed *** managerial insights stemmed from numerical case studies are revealed and discussed,which can help transit agencies design charging station ***/value–The joint consideration of heterogeneous charging modes in charging station would further lower the operational cost of electric transit and speed up the market penetration of battery electric buses.

关键词： Battery electric bus Charging station design Vehicle scheduling bi-level model Heterogeneous charging modes

Optimal Nonlinear Distance Toll for Cordon-Based Congestion Pricing Considering Equity Issue

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2016年第6期23卷 73-79页

作者： Xin Sun Di Huang Qixiu Cheng Nanjing Institute of City & Transport Planning Co. Ltd. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban ITS Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic TechnologiesSoutheast University

In order to address the optimal distance toll design problem for cordon-based congestion pricing incorporating the issue of equity,this paper presents a toll user equilibrium( TUE) model based on a transformed network with elastic demand,to evaluate any given toll charge function. A bi-level programming model is developed for determining the optimal toll levels,with the TUE being represented at the lower *** upper level optimizes the total equity level over the transport network,represented by the Gini coefficient,where a constraint is imposed to the total travel impedance of each OD pair after the levy. A genetic algorithm( GA) is implemented to solve the bi-level model,which is verified by a numerical example.

关键词： congestion pricing optimal tolls equity issue bi-level model distance-based pricing

Optimization of urban bus operation frequency under common route condition with rail transit

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2017年第4期4卷 451-462页

作者： bin YU Sijia REN Enze WU Yifan ZHOU Yunpeng WANG School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang University Transportation Management College Dalian Maritime University

The overlap of bus and rail transit routes is common in China. This overlap provides passengers multiple choices for one trip. However, the availability of multiple options would cause uncertainty in the travel distribution of passengers. Given that buses and rail transits are becoming increasingly common, this paper aims to present the overlapped operation condition of bus and rail transit using a bi-level model from the perspective of bus operators. Frequency optimization model is established in the upper-level model. A heuristic algorithm called shuffled complex evolution(SCE-UA) method is used to solve the established frequency optimization model, and three other heuristic methods are compared with SCE-UA. A lower-level Logit model based on Agent simulation is set for traffic mode split. Data on the transit system in Dalian city are chosen as an example to test the feasibility of the model and the algorithm. Results show that as the overlapped optimization of bus route and rail transit routes changed primary bus frequency, the use of SCE-UA to solve such problems has evident advantages and feasibility; furthermore, changed bus frequency would improve bus operations.

关键词： common route bus operation frequency bi-level model Agent simulation SCE-UA algorithm

Incentive Design of Residential Demand Response with Distributed PV ＆ Energy Storage

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Incentive Design of Residential Demand Response with Distrib...