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Life forms affect beta-diversity patterns of larch forests in China

Plant diversity 2024年第1期46卷 49-58页

作者： Wenjing Fang Qiong Cai Chengjun Ji Jiangling Zhu Zhiyao Tang Jingyun Fang School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

beta-diversity reflects the spatial changes in community species composition which helps to understand how communities are assembled and biodiversity is formed and maintained. Larch(Larix) forests, which are coniferous forests widely distributed in the mountainous and plateau areas in North and Southwest China, are critical for maintaining the environmental conditions and species diversity. Few studies of larch forests have examined the beta-diversity and its constituent components(species turnover and nestedness-resultant components). Here, we used 483 larch forest plots to determine the total betadiversity and its components in different life forms(i.e., tree, shrub, and herb) of larch forests in China and to evaluate the main drivers that underlie this beta-diversity. We found that total betadiversity of larch forests was mainly dependent on the species turnover component. In all life forms,total beta-diversity and the species turnover component increased with increasing geographic, elevational, current climatic, and paleoclimatic distances. In contrast, the nestedness-resultant component decreased across these same distances. Geographic and environmental factors explained 20%-25% of total beta-diversity, 18%-27% of species turnover component, and 4%-16% of nestedness-resultant component. Larch forest types significantly affected total beta-diversity and species turnover component. Taken together, our results indicate that life forms affect beta-diversity patterns of larch forests in China, and that beta-diversity is driven by both niche differentiation and dispersal limitation. Our findings help to greatly understand the mechanisms of community assemblies of larch forests in China.

关键词： beta-diversity Species turnover Nestedness-resultant Geographic distance Climatic distance Larch forest

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Shared-role of vegetation types,elevation and soil affecting plant diversity in an old-tropical mountain hotspot

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第7期20卷 1842-1853页

作者： Priscilla P.LOIOLA Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira MORELLATO Maria Gabriela Gutierrez CAMARGO Vitor A.KAMIMURA Jacqueline S.MATTOS Annia Susin STREHER Soizig LE STRADIC Department of Biodiversity Laboratory of PhenologySão Paulo State University(UNESP)Av 24A 151513506-900Rio ClaroSão PauloBrazil Instituto Tecnológico Vale(ITV) R.Boaventura da Silva955BelémPará66055-090Brazil Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology and Plant Genomics Department of Plant BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of CampinasBrazil Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division National Institute for Space Research(INPE)São Josédos CamposBrazil French National Institute for Agriculture Foodand Environment(INRAE)UMR 1202 INRAE/Univ Bordeaux-BIOGECOParisFrance

Despite the exceptional species richness and endemism,the environmental drivers of plant diversity along old tropical mountains remain underexplored.The respective importance of vegetation types,elevation,slope,and soil to drive diversity across life-forms is poorly addressed.Here,we tested whether environmental variables drove local and regional plant diversity along an old tropical mountain according to the three main life-forms:graminoids,herbaceous and woody species.We sampled all Angiosperm species on 180 plots across five elevations,at the tropical old-mountain region of Serra do Cipó,South-eastern Brazil.We assessed soil,slope,and vegetation types,and calculated richness and beta-diversity,applying generalized least square models,linear mixed-models and partial Mantel tests to test for relationships.Richness of graminoids and herbaceous species increased with greater elevation and more nutrient-impoverished soils,while woody richness showed the inverse pattern.beta-diversity was primarily driven by species turnover,correlated with elevation and soil and higher in less dominant vegetation types,with unique species.Despite the limited elevational range in these old mountains,it still played an important role in filtering woody species,while fostering graminoid and herbaceous species.Conservation and restoration actions need to foster the high regional diversity supported by the old mountain heterogeneous landscape and the diversity of life-forms,especially the dominant and highly diverse grassy component.

关键词： beta-diversity Campos rupestres Cerrado Grassland Herbaceous Species turnover

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Patterns of species diversity and its determinants in a temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第5期9卷 647-656页

作者： Rui He Man Hu Hang Shi Quan Zhou Xiao Shu Kerong Zhang Quanfa Zhang Haishan Dang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Biodiversity conservation has long been a subject of extreme interest to community ecologists,with a particular focus on exploring the underlying causes of species diversity based on niche and neutral theories.This study aims to identify the potential determinants of species diversity in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in the transitional region from subtropical to temperate climate in China.We collected woody plant data and environmental variables in a fully mapped 25-ha permanent forest plot,partitioned the beta-diversity into local contributions(LCBD)and species contributions(SCBD),and then applied multivariate linear regression analysis to test the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on alpha-diversity,LCBD,and SCBD.We used variation partitioning in combination with environmental variables and spatial distance to determine the contribution of environment-related variations versus spatial variations.Our results showed that the indices of alpha-diversity(i.e.,species abundance and richness)were positively correlated with soil available phosphorus(P)and negatively with slope.For the betadiversity,environment and space together explained nearly half of the variations in community composition.Approximately 60%of the variation of LCBD in the understory layer,40%in the substory layer,and 29%in the canopy layer were jointly explained by topographic,soil and biological variables,with biotic factors playing a dominant role in determining the beta-diversity.Species abundance accounted for a large proportion of the variations in SCBD in each vertical stratum,and niche position(NP)was the ecological trait that significantly affected the variations in SCBD in the substory and canopy layers.Our findings help to gain better understanding on how species diversity in forest ecosystem responds to environmental conditions and how it is influenced by biotic factors and ecological traits of species.

关键词： Alpha-diversity beta-diversity Vertical strata Multivariate linear regression

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Harvesting of forest products and implications for Afrotemperate bird communities in a montane forest of the Eastern Cape, South Africa

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 352-366页

作者： Jessica Leaver Johann C.Carstens Michael I.Cherry Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University

Background: Harvesting of forest products is a widespread driver of disturbance in developing nations, where policies are increasingly aimed at managing natural forests for sustainable use. There is thus need for research aimed at understanding the impact of resource use on forest habitats and concomitant effects on biodiversity.Afromontane forests in the Eastern Cape, South Africa are harvested informally for poles and medicinal bark and occur along elevational gradients of 800–1600 m above sea level. Patterns of spatial diversity and human disturbance are expected to be affected by elevation. Furthermore, species’ responses to disturbance are expected to vary depending on their level of habitat specialisation. Understanding harvest impacts on forest biodiversity thus requires disentangling the separate effects of elevation and disturbance, and considering forest-specialist and forest-generalist species separately. This study comprises two components. First, harvest activities, resultant harvestmediated habitat heterogeneity, and avifaunal species richness, composition and beta-diversity were compared across two elevational zones in a harvested forest. Second, the role of harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity in driving patterns of avifaunal diversity were assessed, while controlling for elevation, and considering forest-specialist and forest-generalist species separately.Results: Harvest rates were higher, and activities more varied in the lower elevation zone, with significant impacts of harvesting on habitat features resulting in higher harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity at lower elevations.Harvest-mediated increases in habitat heterogeneity positively affected forest-generalist species richness, while forest-specialist richness was negatively affected. While species composition of both groups differed across elevational zones, variation in harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity did not fully account for this, suggesting that factors other than disturbance shape avifaunal communities along the elevation

关键词： Human disturbance Habitat heterogeneity Habitat modification beta-diversity Elevation Generalist species Forest-specialist species

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Forest edge–interior differentiation in the epiphytic lichen diversity of the forest steppe in the Khangai Mountains, Mongolia

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第3期7卷 287-297页

作者： Markus Hauck Uwe de Bruyn Samjaa Javkhlan Dorjburgedaa Lkhagvadorj Department of Plant Ecology Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant SciencesGeorg August University of GöttingenUntere Karspüle 237073 GöttingenGermany Von-Müller-Straße 30 26123 OldenburgGermany Institute of Botany Mongolian Academy of SciencesZhukov Street 7Ulan Bator 51Mongolia School of Economics and Business Mongolian State University of AgricultureUlan BatorMongolia

Aims The effects of traditional land use by mobile livestock keepers on biodiversity in forest steppe ecotones are insufficiently studied.Epiphytes are an important part of forest plant diversity.Here we analyze differences in the diversity and composition of the epiphytic lichen vegetation between the edge and the interior of Siberian larch forests in the Khangai Mountains,western Mongolia,which are highly subdivided into patches.We asked whether the epiphytic lichen vegetation at the forest edge differs significantly from that in the interior,whether the edge is inhabited by more nitrophilous species than the interior and whether the density of nomad camps around the forest affects epiphytic lichen diversity.Methods Cover percentages of epiphytic lichen species were recorded from 20 trees per plot on 6 plots in the interior and 6 plots at the edge of Larix sibirica forests.The position of nomad summer camps was surveyed using Global Positioning System.Data were analyzed with pairwise significance tests,analysis of similarities,nonmetric multidimensional scaling and canonical correspondence analysis.Important Findings The composition of the epiphytic lichen vegetation clearly differed between the two habitats,with more species being more frequent at the edge than in the interior.However,there was no difference in species richness(α-diversity).The epiphyte vegetation at the edge was more uniform and characterized by lower variation of tree-levelα-diversity and lowerβ-diversity than in the interior.At the edge,only nitrophytic lichens were dominant,whereas in the interior,nitrophytes and acidophytes were among the dominant species.This pattern is probably attributable to the spatial heterogeneity of the intensity of forest grazing and was shown to be influenced by the density of nomad summer camps in the vicinity of the forests.Tree-levelα-diversity increased with stem diameter,but high-diameter trees were rare.The results suggest that the present level of forest patchiness and the effect of forest grazing increas

关键词： alpha-diversity beta-diversity edge effect nitrophytes pastoral nomadism

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Lowered water table causes species substitution while nitrogen amendment causes species loss in alpine wetland microbial communities

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Pedosphere 2021年第6期31卷 912-922页

作者： Yuntao LI Jin-Sheng HE Hao WANG Jizhong ZHOU Yunfeng YANG Haiyan CHU State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences71 East Beijing RoadNanjing 210008(China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049(China) Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871(China) State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000(China) State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084(China) Institute for Environmental Genomics Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental SciencesUniversity of OklahomaNorman OK 73019(USA) Earth Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley CA 94270(USA)

Alpine wetlands are hotspots of carbon(C)storage and methane emission,and they could be key contributors to global warming.In recent years,rapid warming has lowered the water table in alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau,concurrent with intensified nitrogen(N)deposition via anthropogenic activities.We carried out a field experiment to investigate the ecological impacts of these two factors on soil bacterial and functional communities,which are essential drivers of greenhouse gas emissions.Nitrogen amendment alone decreased the phylogenetic alpha-diversity of bacterial communities which could be offset by lowered water table.In contrast,microbial functional alpha-diversity,revealed by a high-throughput microarray,remained unchanged.Both bacterial and functional beta-diversity responded to lowered water table,but only bacterial community responded to N amendment.The alpha-Proteobacteria,beta-Proteobacteria,and Bacteroidetes were the major responsive bacterial lineages,and C degradation,methanogenesis,alkaline shock,and phosphorus oxidation were the major responsive functional processes.Partitioning analysis revealed that N amendment changed bacterial community structure mainly via species loss processes but did not affect bacterial functional communities,with soil pH and ammonium as the key factors influencing changes in bacterial community structure.Conversely,lowered water table altered bacterial and functional communities through species substitution processes linked to soil pH and soil moisture.According to our results,the response mechanisms of microbial communities to lowered water table and N amendment are fundamentally different in alpine wetlands.

关键词： alpha-diversity bacterial community beta-diversity microbial functional community N amendment water table lowering

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Using classification assignment rules to assess land-use change impacts on forest biodiversity at local-to-national scales

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第2期5卷 162-176页

作者： Kathrin Affeld Susan K. Wiser Ian J. Payton Miquel DeCaceres Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research PO Box 69040 Lincoln 7640 New Zealand Lincoln University PO Box 85084 Lincoln 7647 New Zealand Forest Science Centre of Catalonia Ctra. Sant Llorenc km.2 E-25280 Solsona Spain

Background： Ecosystem representation is one key component in assessing the biodiversity impacts of land-use changes that will irrevocably alter natural ecosystems. We show how detailed vegetation plot data can be used to assess the potential impact of inundation by a proposed hydroelectricity dam in the Mokihinui gorge, New Zealand, on representation of natural forests. Specifically we ask： 1） How well are the types of forest represented Locally, regionally, and nationally; and 2） How does the number of distinct communities （i.e. beta diversity） in the target catchment compare with other catchments nationally？ Methods： For local and regional comparisons plant species composition was recorded on 45 objectively located 400 m2 vegetation plots established in each of three gorges, with one being the proposed inundation area of the Mokihinui lower gorge. The fuzzy classification framework of noise clustering was used to assign these plots to a specific alliance and association of a pre-existing national-scale classification. NationaLly, we examined the relationship between the number of alliances and associations in a catchment and either catchment size or the number of plots per catchment by fitting Generalised Additive Models. Results： The four alliances and five associations that were observed in the Mokihinui lower gorge arepresent in the region but limited locally. One association was narrowly distributed nationally, but is the mostfrequent association in the Mokihinui lower gorge; inundation may have consequences of national importance to its long-term persistence. That the Mokihinui lower gorge area had nearly twice as many plots that could not be assigned to pre- existing alliances and associations than either the Mokihinui upper or the Karamea lower gorges and proportionally more than the national dataset emphasises the compositional distinctiveness of this gorge. These outlier plots in the Mokihinui lower gorge may be unsorted assemblages of species or reflect sampling bias or that native- dominated woody ri

关键词： beta-diversity Biodiversity conservation Environmental impacts Ecosystem representation Hydroelectricity dams Land-use change National vegetation classification Noise clustering New Zealand NVS databank Plant community composition

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