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GIS based ArcPRZM-3 model for bentazon leaching towards groundwater

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第12期22卷 1854-1859页

作者： Tahir Ali Akbar Henry Lin College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Department of Civil Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of Calgary2500 University Drive NWCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada Department of Crop and Soil Sciences The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Groundwater contamination due to pesticide applications on agricultural lands is of great environmental concern. The mathematical models help to understand the mechanism of pesticide leaching in soils towards groundwater. We developed a user-friendly model called ArcPRZM-3 by integrating widely used Pesticide Root Zone Model version 3 （PRZM-3） using Visual Basic and Geographic Information System （GIS） based Avenue programming. ArcPRZM-3 could be used to simulate pesticide leaching towards groundwater with user-friendly input interfaces coupled with databases of crops, soils and pesticides. The outputs from ArcPRZM-3 could be visualized in user-friendly formats of tables, charts and maps. In this study we evaluated ArcPRZM-3 model by simulating bentazon leaching in soil towards groundwater. ArcPRZM-3 was applied to 37 sites in Woodruff County, Arkansas, USA to observe the daily average dissolved bentazon concentration for soybean, sorghum and rice at a depth of 1.8 m for a period of two years. Nineteen ranks of bentazon leaching potential were obtained using ArcPRZM-3 for all sites having different soil and crop combinations. ArcPRZM-3 simulation results for bentazon were compatible with the field monitored data in term of relative ranking and trend, although some uncertainties exist. This study indicated that macropore flow mechanism would be important in analyzing the effect of irrigation on groundwater contamination due to pesticides. Overall, ArcPRZM-3 could be used to simulate pesticide leaching towards groundwater more efficiently and effectively as compared to PRZM-3.

关键词： ArcPRZM-3 PRZM-3 GIS pesticide leaching groundwater contamination bentazon

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Safening effect of bentazon on cloransulam-methyl and halosulfuron-methyl in dry bean

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第3期3卷 368-374页

作者： Nader Soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ontario Canada

bentazon, applied as a tankmix, has been shown to have the potential for reducing the injury from some POST herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 at Exeter, ON and in 2009 at Ridgetown, ON to determine if the addition of bentazon reduces the injury from cloransulam-methyl or halosulfuron-methyl applied POST in black, cranberry, kidney and white beans. bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl reduced the level of injury 0 to 6% at 17.5 g·ai·ha–1 and 0 to 9% at 35 g·ai·ha–1 in dry bean. bentazon added to halosulfuron-methyl reduced the level of injury as much as 4% at 35 g·ai·ha–1 and 6% at the 70 g·ai·ha–1. bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl increased plant height as much as 3 cm. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl had no effect on the height of various market classes of dry bean. bentazon added to cloran-sulam-methyl generally has no effect on seed moisture content in black and white bean but decreased seed moisture content of cranberry and kidney bean as much as 4%. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl caused no effect on seed moisture content of dry bean. Cloransulam-methyl caused a 7% to 18% reduction in dry bean yield compared to halosulfuron-methyl and 12% to 21% reduction in yield compared to bentazon. bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl increased dry bean yield by 0.16 and 0.31 t·ha–1 at Exeter (2009) and Ridgetown (2009) respectively. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl had no effect on dry bean yield.

关键词： bentazon Cloransulam-Methyl Crop Injury Halosulfuron-Methyl Safening Phaseolus Vulgaris Sensitivity

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FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVE ACTION OF SETHOXYDIM-bentazon MIXTURE

FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVE ACTION OF SETHOXYDIM-BENTAZON ...

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The 18th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference

作者： G.B.Ye Z.P.Zhang Institute for the Control of Agro-chemicals Ministry of Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science

＜正＞The studies were carried out in laboratory and greenhouse at CAAS during *** and chemical compatibility of sethoxydim and bentazon were *** of organic acids,nitrogen fertilizers or surfactants on joint action of Sethoxydim-bentazon Mixture were *** of tank mixture of sethoxydim+bentazon to soybean were also *** indicated that Compatibility of sethoxydim and bentazon formulations in water was *** was no physical or chemical reaction between *** agents and organic acid could overcome or reduce the antagonism of bentazon on effects of sethoxydim on crabgrass or *** of the fertilizers depended on the rate of sethoxydim in tank mixture and what kind of nitrogen fertilizer used in the ***-matic acid could be change by-product into another *** tank mixture of sethoxydim+bentazon would be safe to soybean seedlings.

关键词： Influencing factor effective action sethoxydim bentazon

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Sensitivity of Adzuki Bean (<i>Vigna angularis</i>) to Acifluorfen, Fomesafen, bentazon, Imazethapyr and Halosulfuron-Methyl Applied Postemergence

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 1092-1099页

作者： Nader Soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown ON Canada

New herbicide options are needed for postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in adzuki bean. A field study, of five experiments, was conducted over a three-year period (2014, 2015, 2016) in Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of adzuki bean to the POST application of acifluorfen (600 and 1200 g·ai·ha-1), fomesafen (240 and 480 g·ai·ha-1), bentazon (1080 and 2160 g·ai·ha-1), imazethapyr (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) and halosulfuron-methyl (75 and 150 g·ai·ha-1). Acifluorfen and fomesafen applied POST caused as much as 12% visible injury at the 1X rate and 20% visible injury at the 2X rate but had no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield. bentazon caused as much as 23% visible injury at 1080 g·ai·ha-1 and 28% visible injury at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate, except at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 which reduced shoot dry weight 20% and height 12%. Imazethapyr caused as much as 22% visible injury at 100 g·ai·ha-1 and 34% visible injury at 200 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate except at 200 g·ai·ha-1 which delayed maturity slightly. Halosulfuron-methyl caused as much as 65% visible injury and reduced shoot dry weight, height and yield 64%, 41%, and 28%, respectively. This research concludes that acfluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon, imazethapyr and halosulfuron at the rates evaluated can cause the significant injury in adzuki bean.

关键词： Acifluorfen bentazon Biomass Fomesafen Imazethapyr Halosulfuron-Methyl Injury Vigna angularis Yield

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Does the Application of a Fungicide after a Herbicide Reduce Soybean Injury and Increase Yield?

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第2期12卷 128-137页

作者： Nader Soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

A total of four field experiments were conducted during 2017, 2019 and 2020 in Ontario, Canada to determine if applying a fungicide 2 - 3 days after a herbicide, applied POST, reduces visible injury, increases crop vigour and increases yield of soybean. At 3 DAB (days after fungicide application), the POST application of glyphosate, fomesafen, bentazon, thifensulfuron-methyl, cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr caused 0, 11%, 5%, 18%, 9% and 12% visible injury in soybean, respectively. The injury decreased over time with less than 5% injury at 8 WAB (weeks after fungicide application) in all treatments evaluated. The application of pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad after the application of herbicides evaluated did not reduce soybean injury. Soybean vigour with glyphosate, fomesafen, bentazon, thifensulfuron-methyl, cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr applied POST without the fungicide application was 100%, 91%, 95%, 84%, 91% and 88%, respectively at 3 DAB. The soybean vigour increased over time to 95% - 100% at 8 WAB. The application of pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad after the herbicide application did not improve soybean vigour, except with thifensulfuron-methyl where soybean vigour was improved 6% when followed by pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad. There was no effect of herbicide and fungicide treatments on soybean yield except for thifensulfuron-methyl and imazethapyr without the fungicide treatments which reduced soybean relative yield 7% and 10%, respectively. The application of pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad after the application of imazethapyr increased soybean yield 3%. Based on these results, applying pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad fungicide 2 - 3 days after glyphosate, fomesafen, bentazon and cloransulam-methyl does not affect soybean injury, vigour or yield, but it can slightly enhance the vigour and yield of soybean when applied after thifensulfuron-methyl and imazethapyr.

关键词： Glyphosate Fomesafen bentazon Thifensulfuron-Methyl Cloransulam-Methyl Imazethapyr Pyraclostrobin/Fluxapyroxad Vigour Yield

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Control of volunteer adzuki bean in soybean

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第4期3卷 501-509页

作者： Christopher Kramer Nader Soltani Darren E. Robinson Clarence J. Swanton Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Ontario Canada N0P 2C0

The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of various pre-emergence (PRE) and post-emergence (POST) herbicides for the control of volunteer adzuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi) in soybean (Glycine max L.). Trials were conducted at two locations in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2009. Experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with either five PRE or nine POST herbicides. Volunteer adzuki bean interference in soybean resulted in yield loss of up to 25%. Cloransulam-methyl, linuron, metribuzin, flumetsulam, and imazethapyr applied PRE provided up to 6, 24, 14, 8, and 0% control, respectively at 8 weeks after emergence (WAE), while acifluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon, thifensulfuron-methyl, cloransulam-methyl, imazethapyr, and imazethapyr plus bentazon applied POST provided 2, 2, 5, 34, 6, 4, and 12% control, respectively at 8 weeks after application (WAA). Generally, with the aforementioned herbicides, soybean yield was equivalent to the weedy control and soybean grain contamination with adzuki bean seed was consistently above the 1% maximum threshold. Chlorimuron-ethyl and glyphosate applied POST provided up to 84 and 94% visual control at 8 WAA, respectively, decreased adzuki bean density, biomass, and seed production, and generally decreased soybean contamination with adzuki bean below the 1% threshold. The only herbicides evaluated in this study that controlled volunteer adzuki bean in soybean were chlorimuron-ethyl (9 g ***-1) and glyphosate (900 g ***-1) applied POST. All the other PRE and POST herbicides evaluated did not provide adequate control of volunteer adzuki bean in soybean.

关键词： Acifluorfen bentazon Chlorimuron-Ethyl Cloransulam-Methyl Flumetsulam Fomesafen Imazethapyr Linuron Metribuzin Pre-Emergence Post-Emergence Thifensulfuron-Methyl

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Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed(Ambrosia trifida L.)in Ontario:Dose Response and Control with Postemergence Herbicides

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 608-617页

作者： Joseph P.Vink Nader Soltani Darren E.Robinson Francois J.Tardif Mark B.Lawton Peter H.Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown CampusRidgetownCanada University of Guelph GuelphCanada Monsanto Canada GuelphCanada

Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) is competitive with agronomic crops and can cause significant yield losses. Rapid adoption of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops and a concomitant increase in the reliance on glyphosate for weed management has led to the evolution of GR giant ragweed in Ontario, Canada. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the level of resistance in giant ragweed biotypes from Ontario, and to evaluate the effectiveness of various postemer-gence (POST) herbicides in soybean (Glycine max L.). The effective dose (ED) to provide 50%, 80% and 95% giant ragweed control was up to 1658, 9991 and >43200 g?a.e.?ha–1 4 weeks after application (WAA), respectively. For effective control, growers would need to apply glyphosate 18 times greater than the recommended field application dose. Glyphosate applied at the recommended field dose of 900 g?a.e.?ha–1 provided up to 57% control and resulted in soybean yield equivalent to the weedy check. Cloransulam-methyl applied POST provided up to 99% control, reduced giant ragweed density 98%, reduced giant ragweed shoot dry weight 99% and resulted in soybean yield equivalent to the weedfree check. Chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, imazethapyr and imazethapyr plus bentazon applied alone or with glyphosate did not provide adequate control of GR giant ragweed. Based on these results, some GR giant ragweed biotypes from Ontario have evolved a high level of resistance to glyphosate. Cloransulam-methyl applied POST was the only herbicide that provided adequate control and suggests that additional weed management tactics will need to be implemented in order to effectively manage GR giant ragweed.

关键词： bentazon Chlorimuron-Ethyl Cloransulam-Methyl Fomesafen Glyphosate-Resistant Crops Herbicide-Resistant Weeds Imazethapyr Soybean

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