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Daily activity rhythms, chronotypes, and risk-taking behavior in the signal crayfish

Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 177-183页

作者： Valerio SBRAGAGLIA Thomas BREITHAUPT Department of Marine Renewable Resources Marine Science Institute(ICM-CSIC)Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta3708003 BarcelonaSpain Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes Leibniz-lnstitute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesMüggelseedamm 31012587 BerlinGermany Department of Biological and Marine Sciences University of HullCottingham RoadHull HU67RXUK

Consistent inter-individual differences in daily activity rhythms(i.e.,chronotypes)can have ecological consequences in determining access to food resources and avoidance of predators.The most common measure to characterize chronotypes in animals as well as humans is the onset of activity(i.e.,early or late chronotypes).However,daily activity rhythms may also differ in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time periods.Moreover,chronotypes may also be linked to other consistent inter-individual differences in behavior(i.e.,personality),such as the propensity to take risks.Here,we used the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculusto test the presence of chronotypes and risk-taking personality traits and a potential behavioral syndrome between these traits.We first exposed crayfish to 5 days of light-darkness to measure daily activity rhythms and then we applied a visual predator-simulating stimulus in 2 different contexts(neutral and food).Our results showed consistent(i.e.,across 5 days)inter-individual differences in the relative nocturnal activity displayed in the early and middle,but not in the late part of darkness hours.Moreover,while crayfish displayed inter-individual differences in risk-taking behavior,these were not found to be consistent across 2 contexts.Therefore,we were not able to formally test a behavioral syndrome between these 2 traits.In conclusion,our study provides the first evidence of chronotypes in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time periods.This could be a valuable information for applied ecological aspects related to the signal crayfish,which is a major invasive species of freshwater ecosystems.

关键词： behavioral syndrome biological rhythms boldness feeding locomotor activity

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Evolution of personality and locomotory performance traits during a late Pleistocene island colonization in a tree frog

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 631-641页

作者： Roberta Bisconti Claudio Carere David Costantini Anita Liparoto Andrea Chiocchio Daniele Canestrelli Department of Ecological and Biological Science Tuscia UniversityLargo dell’Universitàs.n.c.01100 ViterboItaly UnitéPhysiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation(PhyMA) Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSCP3257 rue Cuvier 75005 ParisFrance

Recent empirical and theoretical studies suggest that personality and locomotory performance traits linked to dispersal abilities are crucial components of the dispersal syndromes,and that they can evolve during range expansions and colonization processes.Island colonization is one of the best characterized processes in dispersal biogeography,and its implication in the evolution of phenotypic traits has been investigated over a wide range of temporal scales.However,the effect of island colonization on personality and performance traits of natural populations,and how these traits could drive island colonization,has been little explored.Noteworthy,no studies have addressed these processes in the context of late Pleistocene range expansions.Here,we investigated the contribution of island colonization triggered by postglacial range expansions to intraspecific variation in personality and locomotory performance traits.We compared boldness,exploration,jumping performance,and stickiness abilities in populations from 3 equidistant areas of the Tyrrhenian tree frog Hyla sarda,2 from the main island(Corsica Island),and 1 from the recently colonized island of Elba.Individuals from Elba were significantly bolder than individuals from Corsica,as they emerged sooner from a shelter(P=0.028),while individuals from Corsica showed markedly higher jumping and stickiness performance(both P<0.001),resulting as more performing than those of Elba.We discuss these results in the context of the major microevolutionary processes at play during range expansion,including selection,spatial sorting,founder effects,and their possible interaction with local adaptation processes.

关键词： behavioral syndrome colonization dispersal founder effect Hyla sarda insularity personality

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Sex-specific life-history strategies among immature jumping spiders:Differences in body parameters and behavior

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 535-551页

作者： LászlóMezőfi Viktor Markó DóraÁgnes Taranyi Gábor Markó Institute of Plant Protection Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesBudapest 1118Hungary Institute of Viticulture and Enology Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesBudapest 1118Hungary

Selection forces often generate sex-specific differences in various traits closely related to fitness.While in adult spiders(Araneae),sexes often differ in coloration,body size,antipredator,or foraging behavior,such sex-related differences are less pronounced among immatures.However,sex-specific life-history strategies may also be adaptive for immatures.Thus,we hypothesized that among spiders,immature individuals show different life-history strategies that are expressed as sex-specific differences in body parameters and behavioral features,and also in their relationships.We used immature individuals of a protandrous jumping spider,Carrhotus xanthogramma,and examined sex-related differences.The results showed that males have higher mass and larger prosoma than females.Males were more active and more risk tolerant than females.Male activity increased with time,and larger males tended to capture the prey faster than small ones,while females showed no such patterns.However,females reacted to the threatening abiotic stimuli more with the increasing number of test sessions.In both males and females,individuals with better body conditions tended to be more risk averse.Spiders showed no sex-specific differences in interindividual behavioral consistency and in intraindividual behavioral variation in the measured behavioral traits.Finally,we also found evidence for behavioral syndromes(i.e.,correlation between different behaviors),where in males,only the activity correlated with the risk-taking behavior,but in females,all the measured behavioral traits were involved.The present study demonstrates that C.xanthogramma sexes follow different life-history strategies even before attaining maturity.

关键词： activity behavioral syndrome boldness intraindividual variability repeatability sexual dimorphism

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Smaller and bolder prey snails have higher survival in staged encounters with the sea star Pisaster giganteus

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 633-638页

作者： William C. FOSTER Connor M. ARMSTRONG Gregory T. CHISM Jonathan N. PRUITT Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93180 USA

Temporally consistent individual differences in behavior, also known as animal personality, can have large impacts on individual fitness. Here, we explore the degree to which individual differences in anti-predator response (or boldness) influence survival rates in groups of snails when they encounter a predatory sea star . The snail shows consistent individual variation in predator response where some fearful snails actively flee bodies of water occupied by predators whereas bolder snails consistently do not. We show here that bold snails are significantly more likely to survive encounters with a predatory sea star and, somewhat counterintuitively, fearful snails actually suffer higher mortality rates. We also found that smaller snails and those occurring at higher experimental densities experienced higher per capita survival rates. Positive effects of prey boldness on survival are not uncommonly reported in the animal personality literature; however, such results are inconsistent with classic animal personality theory borrowed from the optimal foraging literature. The findings herein add to the growing body of evidence that consistent individual differences in behavior can impact predator-prey interactions and that boldness is potentially under positive predator-driven selection in some systems.

关键词： behavioral syndrome behavioral type personality predation risk survival selection temperament

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