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Optogenetics in oral and craniofacial research

Journal of Zhejiang University-science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第8期25卷 656-671页

作者： Qinmeng ZHANG Luyao SONG Mengdie FU Jin HE Guoli YANG Zhiwei JIANG Stomatology Hospital School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310000China Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058China

Optogenetics combines optics and genetic engineering to control specific gene expression and biological functions and has the advantages of precise spatiotemporal control,noninvasiveness,and high *** modified photosensory sensors are engineered into proteins to modulate conformational changes with light ***,optogenetic techniques can provide new insights into oral biological processes at different levels,ranging from the subcellular and cellular levels to neural circuits and behavioral ***,we introduce the origins of optogenetics and highlight the recent progress of optogenetic approaches in oral and craniofacial research,focusing on the ability to apply optogenetics to the study of basic scientific neural mechanisms and to establish different oral behavioral test models in vivo(orofacial movement,licking,eating,and drinking),such as channelrhodopsin(ChR),archaerhodopsin(Arch),and halorhodopsin from Natronomonas pharaonis(NpHR).We also review the synergic and antagonistic effects of optogenetics in preclinical studies of trigeminal neuralgia and maxillofacial *** addition,optogenetic tools have been used to control the neurogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in translational *** the scope of optogenetic tools is increasing,there are limited large animal experiments and clinical studies in dental *** future directions include exploring therapeutic strategies for addressing loss of taste in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),studying oral bacterial biofilms,enhancing craniomaxillofacial and periodontal tissue regeneration,and elucidating the possible pathogenesis of dry sockets,xerostomia,and burning mouth syndrome.

关键词： Lasers Cell differentiation Bacterial virulence Nervous system Neurophysiology behavioral science

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Balancing timeliness of reporting with increasing testing probability for epidemic data

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第2期7卷 106-116页

作者： Alexander J.Pritchard Matthew J.Silk Simon Carrignon R.Alexander Bentley Nina H.Fefferman NIMBioS National Institute for Mathematical and Biological SynthesisUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleUSA Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn CampusUK Department of Anthropology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleUSA McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of CambridgeUK Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleUSA Department of Mathematics University of TennesseeKnoxvilleUSA

Reporting of epidemiological data requires coordinated action by numerous agencies,across a multitude of logistical *** collated and reported information to inform direct interventions can be challenging due to associated *** can,however,occur indirectly through the public generation of concern,which facilitates adherence to protective *** utilized a coupled-dynamic multiplex network model with a communication-and disease-layer to examine how variation in reporting delay and testing probability are likely to impact adherence to protective behaviors,such as reducing physical *** concern mediated adherence and was informed by new-or active-case reporting,at the population-or *** received information from the communication layer:direct connections that were sick or adherent to protective behaviors increased their concern,but absence of illness eroded *** revealed that the relative benefit of timely reporting and a high probability of testing was contingent on how much information was already *** low rates of testing,increasing testing probability was of greater mitigating *** high rates of testing,maximizing timeliness was of greater ***-level reporting provided advanced warning of disease risk from nearby communities;but we explore the relative costs and benefits of delays due to scale against the assumption that people may prioritize community-level *** findings emphasize the interaction of testing accuracy and reporting timeliness for the indirect mitigation of disease in a complex social system.

关键词： behavioral science Communicable diseases Disease outbreaks Disease reporting Surveillance

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Hero: Automated Detection System for Prescription Stimulant Overdose via AI-Based Emotion Inference, Metabolite Detection, and Biometric Measurement

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Open Journal of Applied sciences 2020年第12期10卷 791-816页

作者： Divya Nori Milton High School Milton GA USA

Over the past year, approximately 10,000 Americans have died by psychostimulant overdose, and over 50% of these deaths were caused by prescription stimulant misuse. A comprehensive approach to detect a drug overdose in the environment where it occurs is imperative to reduce the number of prescription stimulant overdose-related deaths. Teenagers are at the highest risk for prescription stimulant overdose, so this study proposes a multi-factor overdose detection system named Hero which is designed to noninvasively operate within the context of a teen’s life. Hero monitors five factors that indicate stimulant abuse: extreme mood swings, presence of amphetamine metabolite in sweat excreted from the fingertip, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate. An algorithm to detect extreme mood swings in a teen’s outgoing SMS messages was developed by collecting over 3.6 million tweets, creating groups of tweets for euphoria and melancholy using guidelines adapted from DSM-5 criteria, and training six Artificial Intelligence models. These models were used to create a dual-model-based extreme mood swing detection algorithm that was accurate 96% of the time. A biochemical strip, which consisted of a diagnostic measure that changes color when in contact with amphetamine metabolite and a control measure that changes color when the appropriate volume of sweat is excreted, was created. A gold nanoparticle-based diagnostic measure and pH-based control measure were evaluated individually and on the overall strip. The diagnostic measure had an accuracy of 90.62% while the control measure had 84.38% accuracy. Lastly, a vital sign measurement algorithm was built by applying photoplethysmography image processing techniques. A regression model with height, age, and gender features was created to convert heart rate to blood pressure, and the final algorithm had an accuracy of 97.86%. All five of these factors work together to create an accurate and easily integrable system to detect o

关键词： Addiction science behavioral science Artificial Intelligence Biochemistry

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行为科学与社会工程：斯金纳的技术治理思想

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科学技术哲学 2021年第12期

作者：刘永谋

斯金纳是20世纪最著名的心理学家之一，他的行为主义心理学理论包含一整套用行为科学方法来控制人类行为的行为技术，以及总体设计而逐步实施的文化设计理论，并设想名为“瓦尔登湖第二”的技术治理乌托邦。他的行为主义立场、行为控制... 详细信息

斯金纳是20世纪最著名的心理学家之一，他的行为主义心理学理论包含一整套用行为科学方法来控制人类行为的行为技术，以及总体设计而逐步实施的文化设计理论，并设想名为“瓦尔登湖第二”的技术治理乌托邦。他的行为主义立场、行为控制方法以及文化设计理论，启发性很强，但也存在诸多问题。斯金纳的社会改造方案并非典型意义的技治主义乌托邦，他的行为主义立场、行为控制方法以及文化设计理论，是美国历史文化的传承，具有很强的清教主义情绪和乌托邦传统，极度推崇理想化的科学技术，启发性很强；但也存在诸多问题，如将价值并归于事实，无视人的价值与尊严，使每个人彻底原子化等。斯金纳的社会改造方案并非典型意义的技治主义乌托邦，属于技术治理“个体改造路径”，有一定的现实意义，但必须谨慎选择和实施，避免忽略意义工程。

关键词：斯金纳技术治理行为科学社会工程 B.F.Skinner technical governance behavioral science social engineering

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