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behavioral differences within and among populations of an African cichlid found in divergent and extreme environments

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 33-42页

作者： Richard C. Oldham Lauren M. Pintor Suzanne M. Gray School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Animals are increasingly faced with human?induced stressors that vary in space and time, thus we can expect populati on-level diverge nee in behaviors that help animals to cope with en vironme ntal change. However, empirical evidenee of behavioral trait divergence across environmental extremes is lacking. We tested for variation in behavioral traits among 2 populations of an African cichlid fish (Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae Seegers, 1990) that experience extremes of dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity and are known to vary in a number of physiological and life history traits associated with these stressors. Using a comm on garden reari ng experime nt, F1 progeny from wild-caught parents originating from a swamp (low DO, clear) and a river (high DO, turbid) were reared in high DO, clear water. Predator simulation assays were conducted to test for (1) variation in boldness, general activity, and foraging activity between populations,(2) differences in correlations betwee n behaviors with in and across populati ons, and (3) repeatability of behaviors. There was strong evide nee for diverge nee betwee n populati ons, with swamp fish being more bold (i.e.z leaving refuge sooner after a simulated predator attack) and active (i.e., spent more time out of refuge) than river fish. Across populations there were positive correlations between foraging activity and both boldness and general activity;however, within populations, there was only a strong positive relationship between foraging activity and boldness in the river population. Here, we have demonstrated that populations that originate from drastically different environments can produce proge ny that exhibit measurable differences in behaviors and their correlated relati on ships eve n whe n reared un der comm on conditions.

关键词： behavioral correlation behavioral syndrome boldness hypoxia pace of life turbidity

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Acute histopathological responses and long-term behavioral outcomes in mice with graded controlled cortical impact injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 997-1003页

作者： Si-Yi Xu Min Liu Yang Gao Yang Cao Jin-Gang Bao Ying-Ying Lin Yong Wang Qi-Zhong Luo Ji-Yao Jiang Chun-Long Zhong Department of Neurosurgery Ren Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Neurosurgery Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine

While animal models of controlled cortical impact often display short-term motor dysfunction after injury, histological examinations do not show severe cortical damage. Thus, this model requires further improvement. Mice were subjected to injury at three severities using a Pin-Point^(TM)-controlled cortical impact device to establish secondary brain injury mouse models. Twenty-four hours after injury, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were performed for brain slices. Compared to the uninjured side, we observed differences of histopathological findings, neuronal degeneration, and glial cell number in the CA2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus on the injured side. The Morris water maze task and beam-walking test verified long-term(14–28 days) spatial learning/memory and motor balance. To conclude, the histopathological responses were positively correlated with the degree of damage,as were the long-term behavioral manifestations after controlled cortical impact. All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

关键词： nerve regeneration traumatic brain injury controlled cortical impact histopathology behavioral manifestations neural regeneration

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Dark count in single-photon avalanche diodes:A novel statistical behavioral model

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第4期29卷 523-529页

作者：喻文娟张钰许明珠逯鑫淼 School of Electronics and Information Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China

Dark count is one of the inherent noise types in single-photon diodes,which may restrict the performances of detectors based on these diodes.To formulate better designs for peripheral circuits of such diodes,an accurate statistical behavioral model of dark current must be established.Research has shown that there are four main mechanisms that contribute to the dark count in single-photon avalanche diodes.However,in the existing dark count models only three models have been considered,thus leading to inaccuracies in these models.To resolve these shortcomings,the dark current caused by carrier diffusion in the neutral region is deduced by multiplying the carrier detection probability with the carrier particle current at the boundary of the depletion layer.Thus,a comprehensive dark current model is constructed by adding the dark current caused by carrier diffusion to the dark current caused by the other three mechanisms.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first dark count simulation model into which incorporated simultaneously are the thermal generation,trap-assisted tunneling,band-to-band tunneling mechanisms,and carrier diffusion in neutral regions to evaluate dark count behavior.The comparison between the measured data and the simulation results from the models shows that the proposed model is more accurate than other existing models,and the maximum of accuracy increases up to 31.48%when excess bias voltage equals 3.5 V and temperature is 50℃.

关键词： single-photon avalanche diode dark count statistical behavioral modeling carrier diffusion

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A behavioral paradigm to study the persistence of reward memory extinction in Drosophila

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2019年第12期46卷 599-601页

作者： Lingling Wang Qi Yang Binyan Lu Lianzhang Wang Yi Zhong Qian Li Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesIDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Drosophila has been proven to be a powerful animal model to study genetic mechanisms underlying different behaviors and diseases(Sokolowski,2001;Bier,2005).Extinction is a process that repeated presentation of a conditioned stimulus without reinforcement results in decreased conditioned responses(Bouton,2004)and receives increasing attention for treating its related diseases such as post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and addiction(Milad and Quirk,2012;Milton and Everitt,2012).

关键词： behavioral paradigm study Drosophila

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Role of conspecifics and personal experience on behavioral avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 447-455页

作者： Bertrand Fouks Emily G. Robb H. Michael G. Lattorff lnstitut fur Biologie Molekulare Okologie Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Hoher Weg Halle (Saale) Germany Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway Microbes and Pathogens Biology The Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast United Kingdom lnternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Nairobi Kenya German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz Leipzig Germany

Pollinators use multiple cues whilst foraging in eluding direct cues from flowers and in direct cues from other pollinators. The use of indirect social cues is common in social in sects, such as honeybees and bumblebees, where a social environment facilitates the ability to use such cues. Bumblebees use cues to forage on flowers according to previous foraging experiences. Flowers are an essential food source for pollinators but also pose a high risk of parasite infection through the shared use of flowers leading to parasite spillover. Nevertheless, bumblebees have evolved behavioral defense mechanisms to limit parasite infection by avoiding contaminated flowers. Mechanisms underlying the avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees are poorly understood. Bumblebees were recorded having the choice to forage on non-contaminated flowers and flowers contaminated by a trypan osome gut parasite, Crithidia bombi. The use of different treatments with presence or absence of con specifics on both con taminated and non-contami nated flowers allowed to investigate the role of social visual cues on their pathogen avoidance behavior. Bumblebees are expected to use social visual cues to avoid contaminated flowers. Our study reveals that the presence of a con specific on flowers either con taminated or not does not help bumblebee foragers avoiding contaminated flowers. Nevertheless, bumblebees whereas gaining experie nee tend to avoid their con specific when placed on contami nated flower and copy it whe n on the non-contami nated flower. Our experime nt suggests a detrime ntal impact of floral see nt on disease avoidanee behavior.

关键词： Host-parasite in teractions social learning pollinators inadvertent social information behavioral immunity copying behavior

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Understanding the behavioral Differences Between American and German Users: A Data-Driven Study

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2018年第4期1卷 284-296页

作者： Chenxi Yang Yang Chen Qingyuan Gong Xinlei He Yu Xiao Yuhuan Huang Xiaoming Fu School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Engineering Research Center of Cyber Security Auditing and Monitoring Ministry of EducationShanghai 200433China Department of Communications and Networking Aalto University02150 EspooFinland Faculty of European Languages and Cultures Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhou 510420China Institute of Computer Science University of Gottingen37077 GottingenGermany

Given that the USA and Germany are the most populous countries in North America and Western Europe,understanding the behavioral differences between American and German users of online social networks is essential.In this work,we conduct a data-driven study based on the Yelp Open Dataset.We demonstrate the behavioral characteristics of both American and German users from different aspects,i.e.,social connectivity,review styles,and spatiotemporal patterns.In addition,we construct a classification model to accurately recognize American and German users according to the behavioral data.Our model achieves high classification performance with an F1-score of 0.891 and AUC of 0.949.

关键词： behavioral difference online social networks Yelp machine learning

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Comparative analysis of habitation behavioral patterns in spatial configuration of traditional houses in Anhui;Jiangsu;and Zhejiang provinces of China

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2020年第1期9卷 54-66页

作者： Jie Ding Shanshan Ma School of Art Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina School of Art Anhui University of Finance&EconomicsBengbuChina School of Education Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina

This study investigated the categories of spatial characteristics of traditional houses in Anhui,Jiangsu,and Zhejiang provinces of China by applying syntactic theories and conducting a comparative analysis of their different layout configurations.Six houses in the three provinces were selected as measurement samples,and statistical analysis of their spatial variables was conducted through SPSS 22.Results showed that the correlation of depth and integration in the Zhejiang and Jiangsu samples are negative,whereas the samples in Anhui show no correlation.These results further indicated that spaces with high rates of utilization in Zhejiang and Jiangsu dwellings are located at low depths in the spatial configurations,whereas the samples from Anhui show opposite findings.Different housing spatial structures reflect various habitation behavioral patterns in this area.Zhejiang and Jiangsu residents interact more closely with outside spaces in their daily lives,whereas Anhui residents have very limited interaction with outside spaces,thereby reflecting two different modes of living behavior,namely,extroversion and introversion.

关键词： Traditional house behavioral patterns Spatial configuration Anhui Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces

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Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression of infertile women: A meta-analysis

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2019年第6期8卷 251-259页

作者： Hossein Mashhadi Abdolahi Morteza Ghojazadeh Salman Abdi Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi Zeinab Nikniaz Leila Nikniaz Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Clinical Psychiatry Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran

Objective:To investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in infertile women.Methods:This study was performed in 2019 by searching Google Scholar,Scopus,PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane library,EMBASE,Proquest,ISI Web of Science,MagIran,SID and IranMedex.Eligible studies were selected by two reviewers and outcomes of interest were extracted.The meta-analysis was performed using the random effect models.Ⅰ-square statistic test was used for heterogeneity analysis.Presence of publication bias was also checked.Results:Eleven studies were included in this review.Between-group differences(cognitive behavioral therapy and control groups)in risk ratio for infertile women's depression was d=-1.36;95%CI=-1.81,-0.90;Pbehavioral therapy is effective in the reduction of depression and anxiety in patients with or withoutin vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment.However,the lack of high-quality studies makes it challenging to make a solid and precise conclusion.Well-designed studies should be undertaken in the future to confirm these results.

关键词： Cognitive behavioral therapy Anxiety Depression Infertile women Meta-analysis

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Rational-emotive behavioral intervention helped patients with cancer and their caregivers to manage psychological distress and anxiety symptoms

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2019年第2期10卷 62-66页

作者： Chiedu Eseadi Department of Educational Foundations Faculty of Education University of Nigeria

There is a dearth of evidence-based data on how psychological distress and death anxiety symptoms experienced by cancer patients and caregivers are treated in developing regions. This article sheds light on the report of the findings from a 2016 study that revealed a rational-emotive behavioral intervention helped a select group of cancer patients and their family caregivers to manage problematic assumptions, psychological distress, and death anxiety symptoms in Nigeria.Based on my experience as a co-investigator and corresponding author of this previous study, I addressed the challenges of conducting such a study and the implications for future research in this article. This article encourages future researchers to replicate the study and endeavor to overcome the limitations of the previous study. Funders were also encouraged to ensure increased access to funds for conducting similar studies with cancer patients and their family caregivers in developing countries and other parts of the world.

关键词： Cancer patients Caregivers Death anxiety Psychological distress Psychological intervention Rational-emotive behavioral intervention Rational-emotive hospice care therapy

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Best practices in supervising cognitive behavioral therapy with youth

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2018年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： Robert D Friedberg Center for the Study and Treatment of Anxious Youth Palo Alto University

Clinical supervision of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) with youth ensures better patient care and fosters trainees' professional development. However,often insufficient attention is directed toward disseminating best practices in supervision of CBT with youth. This Therapeutic Advances contribution aims to communicate the core content of supervision. Additionally, the key supervisory practices associated with CBT with youth are described. Supervisory outcomes are summarized and recommendations for supervisory practices are made.

关键词： Cognitive behavioral therapy Pediatric populations Supervision

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