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Provision of Ramp-rate Limitation as Ancillary Service from Distribution to Transmission system:Definitions and Methodologies for Control and Sizing of Central battery energy storage system

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Journal of Modern Power systems and Clean energy 2023年第5期11卷 1507-1518页

作者： Spyros I.Gkavanoudis Kyriaki-Nefeli D.Malamaki Eleftherios O.Kontis Aditya Shekhar Umer Mushtaq Sagar Bandi Venu Charis S.Demoulias Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece Electrical Engineering Mathematics&Computer Science DepartmentDelft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands FENECON Gmbh DeggendorfGermany

The variability of the output power of distributed renewable energy sources(DRESs)that originate from the fastchanging climatic conditions can negatively affect the grid ***,grid operators have incorporated ramp-rate limitations(RRLs)for the injected DRES power in the grid *** the DRES penetration levels increase,the mitigation of high-power ramps is no longer considered as a system support function but rather an ancillary service(AS).energy storage systems(ESSs)coordinated by RR control algorithms are often applied to mitigate these power ***,no unified definition of active power ramps,which is essential to treat the RRL as AS,currently *** paper assesses the various definitions for ramp-rate RR and proposes RRL method control for a central battery ESS(BESS)in distribution systems(DSs).The ultimate objective is to restrain high-power ramps at the distribution transformer level so that RRL can be traded as AS to the upstream transmission system(TS).The proposed control is based on the direct control of theΔP/Δt,which means that the control parameters are directly correlated with the RR requirements included in the grid *** addition,a novel method for restoring the state of charge(So C)within a specific range following a high ramp-up/down event is ***,a parametric method for estimating the sizing of central BESSs(BESS sizing for short)is *** BESS sizing is determined by considering the RR requirements,the DRES units,and the load mix of the examined *** BESS sizing is directly related to the constant RR achieved using the proposed ***,the proposed methodologies are validated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and laboratory tests in a commercially available BESS.

关键词： battery energy storage system distributed renewable energy resource sizing distribution system transmission system ramp-rate limitation state of charge

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Multi-objective Optimization of Production Scheduling Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Hybrid Renewable Power Plants with battery energy storage system

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Journal of Modern Power systems and Clean energy 2021年第2期9卷 285-294页

作者： Jon Martinez-Rico Ekaitz Zulueta Ismael Ruiz de Argandona Unai Femandez-Gamiz Mikel Armendia The Automation and Control Unit Fundacion TeknikerBasque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)Ifiaki Goenaga520600 the University of the Basque Country Ing.Torres Quevedo148013 BilbaoSpain the Department of systems Engineering and Control College of Engineering at Vitoria-GasteizUniversity of the Basque CountryNieves Cano1201006 Vitoria-GasteizSpain the Department of Nuclear and Fluid Mechanics College of Engineering at Vitoria-GasteizUniversity of the Basque CountryNieves Cano1201006 Vitoria-GasteizSpain

Considering the increasing integration of renewable energies into the power grid,batteries are expected to play a key role in the challenge of compensating the stochastic and intermittent nature of these energy ***,the deployment of batteries can increase the benefits of a renewable power *** way to increase the profits with batteries studied in this paper is performing energy *** strategy is based on storing energy at low electricity price moments and selling it when electricity price is *** this paper,a hybrid renewable energy system consisting of wind and solar power with batteries is studied,and an optimization process is conducted in order to maximize the benefits regarding the dayahead production scheduling of the plant.A multi-objective cost function is proposed,which,on the one hand,maximizes the obtained profit,and,on the other hand,reduces the loss of value of the battery.A particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed and fitted in order to solve this non-linear multi-objective *** the aim of analyzing the importance of considering both the energy efficiency of the battery and its loss of value,two more simplified cost functions are *** show the importance of including the energy efficiency in the cost function to ***,it is proven that the battery lifetime increases substantially by using the multi-objective cost function,whereas the profitability is similar to the one obtained in case the loss of value is not ***,due to the small difference in price among hours in the analyzed Iberian electricity market,it is observed that low profits can be provided to the plant by using batteries just for arbitrage purposes in the day-ahead market.

关键词： battery energy storage system energy arbitrage hybrid renewable energy system particle swarm optimization

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Multifunction battery energy storage system for Distribution Networks

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energy Engineering 2022年第2期119卷 569-589页

作者： Omar H.Abdalla Gamal Abdel-Salam Azza A.A.Mostafa Department of Electrical Power&Machines Helwan UniversityCairoEgypt Technical Affairs Sectors South Cairo Electricity Distribution CompanyCairoEgypt Department of energy Efficiency and Renewables Egyptian Electric Utility and Customer Protection Regulatory AgencyCairoEgypt

battery energy storage system(BESS)is one of the potential solutions to increase energy system flexibility,as BESS is well suited to solve many challenges in transmission and distribution *** of distribution network’s challenges,which affect network performance,are:(i)Load disconnection or technical constraints violation,which may happen during reconfiguration after fault,(ii)Unpredictable power generation change due to Photovoltaic(PV)penetration,(iii)Undesirable PV reverse power,and(iv)Low Load Factor(LF)which may affect electricity *** this paper,the BESS is used to support distribution networks in reconfiguration after a fault,increasing Photovoltaic(PV)penetration,cutting peak load,and loading valley *** paper presents a methodology for BESS optimal locations and sizing considering technical constraints during reconfiguration after a fault and PV power generation *** determining themaximumpower generation change due to PV,actual power registration of connected PV plants in South Cairo Electricity Distribution Company(SCEDC)was considered for a *** addition,the paper provides a procedure for distribution network operator to employ the proposed BESS to perform multi functions such as:the ability to absorb PV power surplus,cut peak load and fill load valley for improving network’s *** methodology is applied to a modified IEEE 37-node and a real network part consisting of 158 nodes in SCEDC *** simulation studies are performed using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software andDPL programming *** Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimization technique(MILP)in MATLAB is employed to choose the best locations and sizing of BESS.

关键词： battery energy storage system photovoltaic penetration peak load reduction valley filling MILP optimization

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Control Strategy of MMC battery energy storage system under Asymmetrical Grid Voltage Condition

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2016年第2期2卷 76-83页

作者： Lei Zhang Feng Gao Nan Li Key Lab of Power system Intelligent Dispatch and Control(Shandong University) Ministry of EducationJinan250061China

A battery energy storage system using modular multilevel converter(MMC)as the interfacing converter could have several inherent advantages when compared with battery energy storage systems based on two-level inverter or cascaded H-bridge *** can manage the state-of-charges(SOCs)of all batteries to be equal to avoid the overcharge or over discharge of single *** inherent power exchange characteristics using circulating currents could increase the control flexibility and consequently improve the output quality and the internal regulation *** paper investigates the operational principle and control strategy of MMC battery energy storage system under unbalanced grid voltage condition,where key issues of system model and corresponding control methods are very different from those under the normal grid voltage *** injected de current control,SOC balancing control and circulating current control methods are fully discussed in this ***,the theoretical findings were verified through Matlab simulation and a scaled down experimental prototype.

关键词： Modular multilevel converters(MMC) battery energy storage system circulating current asymmetrical grid voltage

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Typical Application Scenarios and Economic Benefit Evaluation Methods of battery energy storage system

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energy Engineering 2022年第4期119卷 1569-1586页

作者： Ming Zeng Haibin Cao Ting Pan Pinduan Hu Shi Tian Lijun Zhong Zhi Ling School of Economics and Management North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China State Key Laboratory ofAlternate Electrical Power systemwith Renewable energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China Jiaxing Power Supply Company State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co.Ltd.Hangzhou310000China State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co. Ltd.Hangzhou310000China

energy storage system is an important means to improve the flexibility and safety of traditional power system,but it has the problem of high cost and unclear value recovery *** this paper,the typical application scenarios of energy storage system are summarized and analyzed from the perspectives of user side,power grid side and power generation *** on the typical application scenarios,the economic benefit assessment framework of energy storage system including value,time and efficiency indicators is *** battery energy storage projects are selected for economic benefit calculation according to different scenarios,and key factors are selected for sensitivity ***,the key factors affecting economic benefit of the energy storage system are analyzed.

关键词： battery energy storage system application scenarios economic benefit evaluation sensitivity analysis

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Power system Frequency Control by battery energy storage system

Power System Frequency Control by Battery Energy Storage Sys...

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作者： Manesh Kumar Ochani 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

Micro grids are being another creating innovation operation in two particular methods of activity,in particular,the grid-connected mode and the self-governing（or islanded）*** the move from the utility-grid associated mode to the independent mode,the frequency of a micro-grid can be truly influenced because of unbalance between power generated and power request and right then and there,micro-sources may react gradually to dispose of this unbalancing *** fathom this interference and to work the micro grid relentlessly,some quick reaction storage system frameworks,in particular battery energy storage systems（BESSs）are *** of Renewable energy Sources into the Conventional Power plants have been a necessity of today’s World to satisfy the heavy demand and to promote the pollution-free *** play a vital role in controlling the output of these RES’s and convert the D.C output power of RES’s into A.C usable *** these converters had gained a huge popularity due to its fast and controllable output power,at the same time it has disconnected the grid frequency from the generator’s *** means no control over the grid frequency changes as the generator is unable to provide inertial response,Primary frequency response,and Damping response to the *** large generating plant,and groups of smaller generators（such as wind farms）,are normally required to have capability to participate in frequency control by supplying an increase in power if frequency drops below,and a decrease in power if frequency increases above a nominal *** is achieved by operation at less than maximum available output in order to provide ability to regulate power production *** which do not operate to provide this governor type response will normally still need to provide a high frequency response where active power is gradually reduced above a certain *** low frequency no increase in active power is requ

关键词： battery energy storage system Primary Frequency response Inertial response Damping Response Non-inertial nature

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A distributed VSG control method for a battery energy storage system with a cascaded H-bridge in a grid-connected mode

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Global energy Interconnection 2022年第4期5卷 343-352页

作者： Yichi Cai Donglian Qi Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department Zhejiang UniversityNo.38.Zheda Rd.Hangzhou310027ZhejiangP.R.China

With the high penetration of renewable energy,new challenges,such as power fluctuation suppression and inertial support capability,have arisen in the power *** energy storage systems play an essential role in renewable energy *** this paper,a distributed virtual synchronous generator(VSG)control method for a battery energy storage system(BESS)with a cascaded H-bridge converter in a grid-connected mode is *** VSG is developed without communication dependence,and state-of-charge(SOC)balancing control is achieved using the distributed average *** to the low varying speed of SOC,the bandwidth of the distributed communication networks is extremely slow,which decreases the ***,the proposed method can simultaneously provide inertial support and accurate SOC *** stability is also proved using root locus ***,simulations under different conditions are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： VSG Cascaded H-bridge converters battery energy storage system Renewable energy integration

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battery energy storage-based system damping controller for alleviating sub-synchronous oscillations in a DFIG-based wind power plant

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Protection and Control of Modern Power systems 2023年第2期8卷 260-277页

作者： Neevatika Verma Narendra Kumar Rajeev Kumar Department of Electrical Engineering Delhi Technological UniversityNew DelhiIndia Electrical Engineering Department Jamia Millia IslamiaNew DelhiIndia Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department KIET Group of InstitutionsGhaziabadIndia

This paper presents the issue of the Sub-synchronous resonance(SSR)phenomenon in a series compensated DFIG-based wind power plant and its alleviation using a battery energy storage-based Damping Controller(BESSDCL).A supplementary damping signal is developed considering the angular speed deviation and is incorporated into the BESS control ***-area Measurement system data is used to determine the angular speed deviation.A lin-earized system model is developed to perform eigenvalue analysis,and to detect and examine unstable SSR *** variation of wind speed and three-phase fault are also taken into consideration to validate the robustness of the *** further verify the efficacy of the proposed damping controller,time-domain simulations are performed using MATLAB/*** application of the proposed BESSDCL stabilizes all the unstable system modes effectively at wind speeds of 7 m/s,9 m/s,and 11 m/s,and at 40%,50%,and 60%series compensation levels,as well three-phase fault conditions.

关键词： battery energy storage system Damping controller Doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) Series

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Microgrid energy management strategy with battery energy storage system and approximate dynamic programming

Microgrid energy management strategy with battery energy sto...

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第37届中国控制会议

作者： Wenhao Zhuo School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications The University of New South Wales

The growth in distributed renewable power systems provides opportunities to construct more microgrids. With the help of battery energy storage systems（BESS） in the microgrids, the variable and intermittent renewable energy can be smoothed and utilized locally without risking the main electrical grid. Furthermore, the energy costs in microgrids can be reduced significantly with proper control of BESS based on predicted data of renewable power and electricity price. In this paper, we propose an energy management strategy for microgrids with renewable power systems integrated with BESS. A deregulated energy market environment is considered, which allows energy trading from private participates to the main electrical grids. The objective is to maximize the profit gained by selling the excessive renewable energy generated and minimize the cost to meet the load demand in the microgrid, and an approximate dynamic programming algorithm is proposed to solve the issue. The operational cost from battery lifetime consumption is considered, and the rolling horizon approach is utilized for long-term simulation. Both short-term and long-term forecasting are used in the algorithm and updated in every control stage. The algorithm is tested with practical wind power, load demand, and electricity price data.

关键词： microgrid battery energy storage system battery lifetime estimation approximate dynamic programming

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Dual Active Bridge Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Modeling for battery energy storage system

Dual Active Bridge Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Modeling fo...

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第37届中国控制会议

作者： Xin Li Weiwei Zhang Wei Chen Yudi Huang Ya Qiu Hefei University of Technology

This paper studies the mathematical model of dual active bridge（DAB） DC-DC converter under the variations of bus voltage and battery voltage. In view of the fact that the DAB converter has a bounded change of the power supply voltage on the high-voltage side and a controllable change of the electromotive force（EMF） load on the low-voltage side, the power supply voltage on high-voltage side and the EMF load voltage on low-voltage side are taken as control variables. The states of DAB converter during a switching cycle are analyzed, and the averaged model（HL model） of the DAB converter under the condition of continuous conduction mode（CCM） is established as well as the small-signal model. The comparisons are made between the output voltage of the HL model and the topology circuit with simulation. And according to the small-signal model, the dynamic performance of the DAB converter is analyzed under the variations of the power supply voltage, the EMF load and phase-shift radio. The result shows that the proposed HL model has the same steady and dynamic performance as the circuit topology model. The relative error of the model at steady state is only 0.35%. Therefore, the applicability and the accuracy of the proposed model in battery energy storage system can be verified.

关键词： Dual active bridge bidirectional DC-DC converter modeling battery energy storage system

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