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Journal of thermal Science 2022年第6期31卷 2363-2373页

作者： LIN Bichao CEN Jiwen JIANG Fangming Laboratory of Advanced Energy Systems Guangzhou Institute of Energy ConversionChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Guangzhou 510640China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

This paper discusses an improved thermal management system to ameliorate the performance of lithium-ion battery storage systems for electric vehicles(EVs) applications. A compact and lightweight cold plate is designed and fabricated to fit 18650-type lithium-ion batteries, using aluminum-finned copper tubes. A dynamic temperature PID(proportional, integral, differential) control algorithm for electronic expansion valves is developed to study using EV air conditioning refrigerant, R134a, to control battery modules’ temperature with this compact and lightweight thermal management system. The experimental results show that the proposed battery thermal management system can effectively control the battery module’s temperature. In addition, during 1C discharge, when the PID temperature algorithm control scheme is used, the maximum temperature difference across the battery module peaks at less than 4℃, and the maximum temperature within the battery module is less than 36℃.

关键词： electric vehicles air conditioning system battery thermal management finned tube two-phase flow

Investigation on the Transient thermal Performance of a Mini-Channel Cold Plate for battery thermal management

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Journal of thermal Science 2021年第3期30卷 914-925页

作者： FANG Yidong SHEN Jiali ZHU Yue YE Fei LI Kang SU Lin School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai 200093China

Cold plate is an important component for a liquid battery thermal management *** order to study the transient thermal performance of the cold plate under conditions with sharply increasing heat loads,the numerical model of a battery cold plate is *** validation experiment shows that the error between the simulation and experiment is around 2.5%to 5%.Effects of the coolant flow rate,the increase in heat flux,and the channel number are analyzed to study the transient thermal performance of the cold *** show that the average temperature of the cold plate at 540 s is lowered from 28.3℃ to 26.9℃ when the coolant flow rate is raised from 0.065 kg/s to 0.165 kg/*** temperature deviation is decreased when the coolant flow rate is increased from 0.065 kg/s to 0.115 kg/s;however,it is slightly increased if the coolant flow rate is further *** average temperature and temperature deviation are raised if the final heat flux is increased from11000 W/m^(2) to 16500 W/m^(2),which are 2 and 3 times of the initial,*** addition,increasing the channel number has slightly positive effect on the average temperature of the cold plate,while the temperature deviation is increased when the channel number is increased from 3 to 11 due to the non-uniform velocity distribution between each *** results of this study will be helpful during the design of cold plate for battery thermal management,especially for transient conditions with sudden rising heat loads like thermal runaway.

关键词： battery thermal management cold plate transient analysis temperature distribution mini-channel

Heat transfer enhanced inorganic phase change material compositing carbon nanotubes for battery thermal management and thermal runaway propagation mitigation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 226-238,I0006页

作者： Xinyi Dai Ping Ping Depeng Kong Xinzeng Gao Yue Zhang Gongquan Wang Rongqi Peng Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina

Developing technologies that can be applied simultaneously in battery thermal management(BTM)and thermal runaway(TR)mitigation is significant to improving the safety of lithium-ion battery *** phase change material(PCM)with nonflammability has the potential to achieve this dual *** study proposed an encapsulated inorganic phase change material(EPCM)with a heat transfer enhancement for battery systems,where Na_(2)HPO_(4)·12H_(2)O was used as the core PCM encapsulated by silica and the additive of carbon nanotube(CNT)was applied to enhance the thermal *** microstructure and thermal properties of the EPCM/CNT were analyzed by a series of characterization *** different incorporating methods of CNT were compared and the proper CNT adding amount was also *** preparation,the battery thermal management performance and TR propagation mitigation effects of EPCM/CNT were further investigated on the battery *** experimental results of thermal management tests showed that EPCM/CNT not only slowed down the temperature rising of the module but also improved the temperature uniformity during normal *** peak battery temperature decreased from 76℃to 61.2℃at 2 C discharge rate and the temperature difference was controlled below 3℃.Moreover,the results of TR propagation tests demonstrated that nonflammable EPCM/CNT with good heat absorption could work as a TR barrier,which exhibited effective mitigation on TR and TR *** trigger time of three cells was successfully delayed by 129,474 and 551 s,respectively and the propagation intervals were greatly extended as well.

关键词： Inorganic phase change material Carbon nanotube battery thermal management thermal runaway propagation Fire resistance Encapsulation

Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Performance of battery thermal management System Based on Micro Heat Pipe Array

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Journal of thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1531-1541页

作者： YANG Lulu XU Hongbo ZHANG Hainan CHEN Yiyu LIU Ming TIAN Changqing Key Laboratory of Space Energy Conversion Technology Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

battery thermal management is very crucial for the safe and long-term operation of electric vehicles or hybrid electric *** this study,numerical simulation method is adopted to simulate the temperature field of Li-ion battery cell and *** is proved that the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of battery cell and module increase with the increase of charge/discharge rate(C-rate)of the *** battery module,it can reach a maximum temperature of 61.1℃at a C-rate of 2 under natural convection condition with the ambient temperature of 20.0℃.A battery thermal management system based on micro heat pipe array(BTMS-MHPA)is deeply *** are conducted to compare the cooling effect on the battery module with different cooling methods,which include natural cooling,only MHPA,MHPA with *** maximum temperature of battery module which is cooled by MHPA with a fan is 43.4℃at a C-rate of 2,which is lower than that in the condition of natural ***,the maximum temperature difference was also greatly reduced by the application of MHPA *** experimental results confirm that the feasibility and superiority of the BTMS-MHPA for guaranteeing the working temperature range and temperature uniformity of the battery.

关键词： battery thermal management micro heat pipe array Li-ion battery temperature field

thermal Performance of a Micro Heat Pipe Array for battery thermal management Under Special Vehicle-Operating Conditions

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Automotive Innovation 2020年第4期3卷 317-327页

作者： Chengning Yao Dan Dan Yangjun Zhang Yueqi Wang Yuping Qian Yuying Yan Weilin Zhuge State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Fluids and thermal Engineering Research Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK

The thermal management of battery systems is critical for maintaining the energy storage capacity,life span,and thermal safety of batteries used in electric vehicles,because the operating temperature is a key factor affecting battery *** temperature rises and large temperature differences accelerate the degradation rate of such ***,the increasing demand for fast charging and special on-vehicle scenarios has increased the heat dissipation requirements of battery thermal management *** address this demand,this work proposes a novel micro heat pipe array(MHPA)for thermal management under a broadened research scope,including high heat generation rates,large tilt angles,mild vibration,and distributed heat generation *** experimental results indicate that the temperature difference is maintained 3.44°C at a large heat generation of 50 W for a limited range of tilt ***,a mild vehicle vibra-tion condition was found to improve temperature uniformity by 3.3°C at a heat generation of 10 ***,the use of distributed heat sources results in a temperature variation of 3.88°C,suggesting that the heat generation distribution needs to be considered in thermal *** the effects of these special battery-operating conditions on the MHPA could significantly contribute to the enhancement of heat transfer capability and temperature uniformity improvement of battery thermal management systems based on heat pipe *** would facilitate the realization of meeting the higher requirements of future battery systems.

关键词： battery thermal management thermal performance Micro heat pipe array Operating conditions

A Numerical Investigation of the thermal Performances of an Array of Heat Pipes for battery thermal management

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2019年第4期15卷 343-356页

作者： Chaoyi Wan School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering Jiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhou213001China

A comparative numerical study has been conducted on the thermal performance of a heat pipe cooling system considering several influential factors such as the coolant flow rate,the coolant inlet temperature,and the input power.A comparison between numerical data and results available in the literature has demonstrated that our numerical procedure could successfully predict the heat transfer performance of the considered heat pipe cooling system for a *** indicators such as temperature,heat flux,and pressure loss were extracted to describe the characteristics of such a *** the basis of the distributions of the temperature ratio of the battery surface,together with the heat flux and the streamlines around the heat pipe condenser,we conclude that the low disturbance of the coolant is the cause of the temperature gradient along the fluid flow direction.

关键词： battery thermal management heat pipe numerical model temperature difference

Modeling of Fluid-Structure Interaction to Enhance battery thermal management in Electric Vehicles

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Modeling of Fluid-Structure Interaction to Enhance Battery T...

Analysis and optimization of thermal management system for cylindrical power battery based on distributed liquid cooling plates

2021中国汽车工程学会年会暨展览会

作者： Liao Yinsheng Xu Haolun Huang Taishuo Shao Xingyang Hu Zhiming BYD AUTO INDUSTRY CO. LTD

Lithium battery can be considered as a high-power density energy storage device in hybrid electric *** battery’s safety,driving range and functionality are sensitive to the working ***,electric vehicles need complicated battery thermal management components to satisfy the performance requirement of lithium ***,the lithium battery capacity for mild hybrid electric vehicles is much smaller than full electric vehicles,so the air-cooling system can be considered the best choice for mild hybrid electric *** different types of cooling performance,the other strength for an air cooling system is that it also can decrease the cost of developing a heat dissipation system in hybrid electric *** the same time,thermal diffusion around the battery cell can be considered as an obstacle for improving the convective heat transfer *** this study,a novel and self-agitated device that takes advantage of vortex-induced vibration is developed to disrupt the thermal boundary layer around the battery cell and enhance thermal *** arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian algorithm is developed to simulate fluid-structure interaction field to calculate the heat transfer *** air-cooling system of the battery pack is developed by using Simcenter *** AMESim model aims to verify the heat transfer coefficient calculated from the fluid-structure interaction cases,and then investigate the maximum temperature *** results demonstrate that the vortex-induced vibration by the self-agitated device can increase the heat transfer coefficient up to 46.66% compared with the traditional battery *** fluid-structure interaction algorithm can be used to enhance battery thermal management.

关键词： battery thermal management heat transfer enhancement vortex-induced vibration fluid-structure interaction thermal boundary layer

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第12期67卷 3695-3706页

作者： ZHAO Yang ZHANG Tao WANG Chun TANG YinBo XI Huan National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Future Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Ningbo Deye Energy Storage Technology Co. Ltd.

To ensure the battery works in a suitable temperature range, a new design for distributed liquid cooling plate is proposed, and a battery thermal management system(BTMS) for cylindrical power battery pack based on the proposed cooling plate is also investigated. To verify the accuracy of the battery model and battery pack numerical calculation model used for simulation, an experiment is conducted for the liquid cooling BTMS. The influence of key working parameters, including the cooling water inlet flow, ambient temperature and working conditions, are investigated. The results show that at the discharge rate of 3 C, the best cooling performance can be achieved when the total inlet mass flow rate is 3.2 g/s and the flow distribution is 3:1:1:3. The obtained maximum temperature is 29.6°C and the maximum temperature difference is 2.1°C. When the ambient temperature is in the range of 20°C to 50°C, the proposed BTMS can keep the temperature of battery pack in the proper range. Finally, different inlet flow rates are recommended according to different battery working states.

关键词： lithium battery battery model battery thermal management liquid cooling plate distributed cooling

Reinforcement Learning-Based Electric Vehicles Energy management Strategy with battery thermal Model

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2023年第1期40卷 80-87页

作者：黄淦曹童杰韩俊华赵萍张光林 College of Information Science and Technology Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China China Information Technology Designing&Consulting Destitute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100048China Zhengyuan Geomatics Group Co. Ltd.Beijing 101300China

The promotion of electric vehicles(EVs)is restricted due to their short cruising *** is desirable to design an effective energy management strategy to improve their energy *** existing work concerning energy management strategies focused on hybrids rather than the *** work focusing on the energy management strategy for EVs mainly uses the traditional optimization strategies,thereby limiting the advantages of energy *** this end,a novel energy management strategy that considered the impact of battery thermal effects was proposed with the help of reinforcement *** main idea was to first analyze the energy flow path of EVs,further formulize the energy management as an optimization problem,and finally propose an online strategy based on reinforcement learning to obtain the optimal ***,extensive simulation results have demonstrated that our strategy reduces energy consumption by at least 27.4%compared to the existing methods.

关键词： energy management electric vehicle(EV) reinforcement learning battery thermal management

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Bifunctional Liquid Metals Allow Electrical Insulating Phase Change Materials to Dual-Mode thermal Manage the Li-Ion Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 224-238页

作者： Cong Guo Lu He Yihang Yao Weizhi Lin Yongzheng Zhang Qin Zhang Kai Wu Qiang Fu College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065People’s Republic of China Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094People’s Republic of China

Phase change materials(PCMs)are expected to achieve dual-mode thermal management for heating and cooling Li-ion batteries(LIBs)according to real-time thermal conditions,guaranteeing the reliable operation of LIBs in both cold and hot ***,we report a liquid metal(LM)modified polyethylene glycol/LM/boron nitride PCM,capable of dual-mode thermal managing the LIBs through photothermal effect and passive thermal *** geometrical conformation and thermal pathways fabricated through ice-template strategy are conformable to the LIB’s structure and heat-conduction ***,soft and deformable LMs are modified on the boron nitride surface,serving as thermal bridges to reduce the contact thermal resistance among adjacent fillers to realize high thermal conductivity of 8.8 and 7.6 W m^(−1) K^(−1) in the vertical and in-plane directions,*** addition,LM with excellent photothermal performance provides the PCM with efficient battery heating capability if employing a controllable lighting *** a proof-of-concept,this PCM is manifested to heat battery to an appropriate temperature range in a cold environment and lower the working temperature of the LIBs by more than 10℃ at high charging/discharging rate,opening opportunities for LIBs with durable working performance and evitable risk of thermal runaway.

关键词： Phase change materials Liquid metal thermal conductivity Photothermal conversion battery thermal management