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Soils in extraterrestrial space: Need for studies under microgravity

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 13-14页

作者： M.B.KIRKHAM Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA

With the increased interest of plants in space, gravity cannot be ignored when studying soil-plant-water relations. Therefore, it is important to understand the water relations of soils under zero gravity in space or under reduced gravity on the Moon or Mars. This paper outlines the problems of moving water in soils under zero gravity or microgravity, as well as growing plants in these soils. It is suggested that microgravity experiments could be done on Earth using both soils and plants. Results from such experiments could be used to grow plants when mankind establishes bases on the Moon and Mars.

关键词： soils soil bases

Simultaneous determination of ten nucleosides and bases in Ganoderma by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第2期11卷 263-268页

作者： Feiya Sheng Songsong Wang Xiao Luo Jianbo Xiao Linfeng Hu Peng Li State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao999078China School of Basic Medical Sciences Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China Chengdu Institute for Food and Drug Control Chengdu610045China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region School of Biological and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University of EducationChongqing400067 China

Ganoderma(lingzhi)is a famous herbal medicine and edible supplement in oriental countries for a long history.In this study,a simple micellar electrokinetic chromatography(MEKC)method was established for the analysis of nucleosides and bases,the major bioactive components in Ganoderma for the first time.By optimizing the borate concentration,the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)concentration and the pH value of running buffer,10 nucleosides and bases achieved an ideal separation.In real sample analysis,the developed method was successfully used to determine the 10 target analytes in 23 batches of Ganoderma samples from different regions.Results indicated that contents of 10 investigated analytes in each sample showed obvious variation.The principal components analysis(PCA)and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)analysis classified the samples into three groups,and the HCA tree visualized the relationships which was mainly contributed by geographical partition.The results indicated geographical origin to be an important factor that affect the accumulation of nucleosides and bases in Ganoderma.In summary,this study provides a simple and practical strategy for quality assessment and cultivation reference of Ganoderma.

关键词： Ganoderma Nucleosides bases Micellar electrokinetic chromatography Quality assessment

Physiological and molecular bases of the boron deficiency response in tomatoes

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Horticulture Research 2023年第12期10卷 26-44页

作者： Junjun Li Huihui Fan Qianqian Song Lili Jing Hao Yu Ruishan Li Ping Zhang Fei Liu Weimin Li Liangliang Sun Jin Xu Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization of Vegetable and Flower College of HorticultureShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801China

Boron is an essential microelement for plant growth.Tomato is one of the most cultivated fruits and vegetables in the world,and boron deficiency severely inhibits its yield and quality.However,the mechanism of tomato in response to boron deficiency remains largely unclear.Here,we investigated the physiological and molecular bases of the boron deficiency response in hydroponically grown tomato seedlings.Boron deficiency repressed the expression of genes associated with nitrogen metabolism,while it induced the expression of genes related to the pentose phosphate pathway,thereby altering carbon flow to provide energy for plants to cope with stress.Boron deficiency increased the accumulation of copper,manganese and iron,thereby maintaining chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency at the early stage of stress.In addition,boron deficiency downregulated the expression of genes involved in cell wall organization and reduced the contents of pectin and cellulose in roots,ultimately retarding root growth.Furthermore,boron deficiency markedly altered phytohormone levels and signaling pathways in roots.The contents of jasmonic acid,jasmonoy1-L-isoleucine,trans-zeatin riboside,abscisic acid,salicylic acid,and SA glucoside were decreased;in contrast,the contents of isopentenyladenine riboside and ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid were increased in the roots of boron-deficient tomato plants.These results collectively indicate that tomato roots reprogram carbon/nitrogen metabolism,alter cell wall components and modulate phytohormone pathways to survive boron deficiency.This study provides a theoretical basis for further elucidating the adaptive mechanism of tomato in response to boron deficiency.

关键词： boron bases thereby

Interactions of sulfuric acid with common atmospheric bases and organic acids: Thermodynamics and implications to new particle formation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第9期32卷 130-140页

作者： Yunfeng Li Haijie Zhang Qingzhu Zhang Yisheng Xu Alexey B.Nadykto Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental ScienceBeijing 100012China Department of Applied Mathematics Moscow State University of Technology“Stankin”Moscow 127994Russia

Interactions of the three common atmospheric bases,dimethylamine((CH3)2 NH),methylamine(CH3 NH2),ammonia(NH3),all considered to be efficient stabilizers of binary clusters in the Earth’s atmosphere,with H2 SO4,the key atmospheric precursor,and 14 common atmospheric organic acids(COAs)(formic,acetic,oxalic,malonic,succinic,glutaric acid,adipic,benzoic,phenylacetic,pyruvic,maleic acid,malic,tartaric and pinonic acids)have been studied using the density functional theory(DFT)and composite high-accuracy G3 MP2 method.The thermodynamic stability of mixed(COA)(H2 SO4),(COA)(B1),(COA)(B2)and(COA)(B3)dimers and(COA)(H2 SO4)(B1),(COA)(H2 SO4)(B2)and(COA)(H2 SO4)(B3)trimers,where B1,B2 and B3 refer to(CH3)2 NH,CH3 NH2 and NH3,respectively,have been investigated and their impacts on the thermodynamic stability of clusters containing H2 SO4 have been studied.Our investigation shows that interactions of H2 SO4 with GOA,(CH3)2 NH,CH3 NH2 and NH3 lead to the formation of more stable mixed dimers and trimers than(H2 SO4)2 and(H2 SO4)2(base),respectively,and emphasize the importance of common organic species for early stages of atmospheric nucleation.We also show that although amines are generally confirmed to be more active than NH3 as stabilizers of binary clusters,in some cases mixed trimers containing NH3 are more stable thermodynamically than those containing CH3 NH2.This study indicates an important role of COA,which coexist and interact with that H2 SO4 and common atmospheric bases in the Earth atmosphere,in formation of stable prenucleation clusters and suggests that the impacts of COA on new particle formation(NPF)should be studied in further details.

关键词： bases particle atmospheric

The de novo genome assembly of Tapiscia sinensis and the transcriptomic and developmental bases of androdioecy

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 219-234页

作者： Peng Zhao Guiliang Xin Feng Yan Huan Wang Xiaolong Ren Keith Woeste Wenzhe Liu Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069China USDA Forest Service Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center(HTIRC) Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue University715 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Tapiscia sinensis(Tapisciaceae)possesses an unusual androdioecious breeding system that has attracted considerable interest from evolutionary biologists.Key aspects of T.sinensis biology,including its biogeography,genomics,and sexlinked genes,are unknown.Here,we report the first de novo assembly of the genome of T.sinensis.The genome size was 410 Mb,with 22,251 predicted genes.Based on whole-genome resequencing of 55 trees from 10 locations,an analysis of population genetic structure indicated that T.sinensis has fragmented into five lineages,with low intrapopulation genetic diversity and little gene flow among populations.By comparing whole-genome scans of male versus hermaphroditic pools,we identified 303 candidate sex-linked genes,79 of which(25.9%)were located on scaffold 25.A 24-kb region was absent in hermaphroditic individuals,and five genes in that region,TsF-box4,TsF-box10,TsF-box13,TsSUT1,and TsSUT4,showed expression differences between mature male and hermaphroditic flowers.The results of this study shed light on the breeding system evolution and conservation genetics of the Tapisciaceae.

关键词： breeding flowers bases

Approximately Mutually Unbiased bases by Frobenius Rings

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第4期33卷 1244-1251页

作者： SRIPAISAN Naparat MEEMARK Yotsanan Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand

A collection B={B1,B2,···,BN}of orthonormal bases for CL is called approximately mutually unbiased bases if|〈u,v〉|≤1/√L(1+o(1))for all u∈Bi,v∈Bj and 1≤i 详细信息

A collection B={B1,B2,···,BN}of orthonormal bases for CL is called approximately mutually unbiased bases if|〈u,v〉|≤1/√L(1+o(1))for all u∈Bi,v∈Bj and 1≤ibases by using Gauss sums over Frobenius rings.

关键词： bases Frobenius mutually

Uncertainty quantification for stochastic dynamical systems using time-dependent stochastic bases

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2019年第1期40卷 63-84页

作者： Jinchun LAN Qianlong ZHANG Sha WEI Zhike PENG Xinjian DONG Wenming ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University

A novel method based on time-dependent stochastic orthogonal bases for stochastic response surface approximation is proposed to overcome the problem of significant errors in the utilization of the generalized polynomial chaos(GPC) method that approximates the stochastic response by orthogonal polynomials. The accuracy and effectiveness of the method are illustrated by different numerical examples including both linear and nonlinear problems. The results indicate that the proposed method modifies the stochastic bases adaptively, and has a better approximation for the probability density function in contrast to the GPC method.

关键词： uncertainty quantification stochastic response surface approximation timedependent orthogonal bases polynomial chaos

Developing a protocol based on the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines for individual dietary advice in the primary healthcare:theoretical and methodological bases

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2022年第1期10卷 15-24页

作者： Maria Laura da Costa Louzada Cláudia Raulino Tramontt Juliana Giaj Levra de Jesus Fernanda Rauber Jacqueline Resende Berriel Hochberg Thanise Sabrina Souza Santos Patricia Constante Jaime Department of Nutrition University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health(NUPENS) University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

To describe the methodology of development of a protocol for application of the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines by primary healthcare professionals in individual dietary advice.A five-step approach was followed:(1)format definition;(2)definition of the instrument for assessment of individuals’food consumption;(3)Dietary Guidelines’content extraction;(4)protocol content development;(5)content and face validity.An example from Brazil was displayed with the development of a protocol to guide healthcare professional decision-making when providing nutrition advice based on the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines.The instrument of the Brazilian Nutrition Surveillance System(SISVAN)was chosen to the food consumption assessment,which contains questions about the consumption of seven healthy or unhealthy food groups and one question about eating modes.The Guidelines’content extraction process led to the identification of recommendations related to the food consumption markers assessed by the SISVAN questionnaire.Then,a protocol was developed in a flowchart format,in which the professional’s conduct is guided by the answer given to each question of the SISVAN instrument.For each‘non-compliant’answer(unhealthy eating practice),the professional is instructed how to provide recommendations and identify obstacles.Lastly,experts and healthcare professionals highlighted pertinence,clarity and usability of the protocol.This study provides the blueprint for the phase-wise development of protocols of application of the Dietary Guidelines and may contribute to promote healthier eating and ending malnutrition in all its forms.

关键词： instrument bases instru

The Evolution of Regional Economic Resilience in the Old Industrial bases in China: A Case Study of Liaoning Province, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2020年第2期30卷 340-351页

作者： LI Liangang ZHANG Pingyu LO Kevin LIU Wenxin LI Jing College of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China

The economic transformation of the old industrial bases is a key research topic among geographers in China.In this paper,we propose that the concept of regional economic resilience(RER)has unique theoretical value in analyzing the economic transformation of the old industrial bases.We constructed an analytical framework and an index system and applied the conceptual tools to study the evolution of RER in the old industrial base of Liaoning Province in China,which is currently subjected to not only sudden shocks but‘slow burn’—longer term processes of change that may nevertheless affect the regional economy.There are four main findings:first,the evolution of RER in Liaoning can be divided into four stages from 2000 to 2015.Liaoning is currently in its conservation-release period,and the next stage will be a release-reorganization period.Second,the RER of the majority of the studied cities is lower than the average value for Liaoning,and this is mainly attributed to the relatively weak vulnerability-resistance and adaptability-transformation capacity of these cities.Third,the RER levels of the 14 cities in Liaoning differ significantly.At the first level is Shenyang and Dalian,at the second level is Dandong and Yingkou,and the third level comprises the remaining cities.Fourth,regional economic resilience is mainly determined by vulnerability-resistance,which indirectly reflects Liaoning’s lack of adaptability-transformation capacity,and the ability of the region to renew or create a new development path is weak.

关键词： regional economic resilience(RER) evolutionary process old industrial bases Liaoning Province,China