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Environmental drivers of soil microbial activity and diversity along an elevational gradient

Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第5期19卷 1336-1347页

作者： PENG Si-li GE Zhi-wei LIU Gang-cai MAO Ling-feng Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of ScienceChengdu 610041China

Microbial functional and structural patterns and drivers along elevational gradients have recently received increasing *** this study,we examined soil bacterial and fungal community diversity,compositions,and microbial activities(i.e.,soil basal respiration and extracellular enzyme activities)across an elevational gradient from 1148 m to 2080 m(consists of six elevations)in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley located in Southwest *** factors,including soil temperature,moisture content,pH,soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),the C/N ratio,total phosphorus(TP),and aboveground plant biomass were also *** results showed that soil bacterial alpha diversity(Shannon index)was unaffected by elevation,whereas fungal alpha diversity firstly increased significantly from 1148 m to 1539 m but did not increase further at higher *** Shannon index was significantly correlated with SOC,whereas fungal Shannon index was remarkably associated with soil *** activity,beta diversities and community composition varied with elevation,but none of them showed a consistent *** Carlo test revealed that soil moisture followed by temperature,and pH,were the primary drivers of bacterial community *** fungal community composition significantly depended on soil ***,our study suggested bacterial diversity and composition were determined by climatic(moisture and temperature)and edaphic properties(SOC and pH),while fungal diversity and composition were structured mainly by climatic *** findings may contribute to a better understanding of microbial responses along elevational gradients in this semi-arid region.

关键词： Bacteria Fungi Composition and diversity basal respiration Enzyme activity

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Reduced tillage with residue retention improves soil labile carbon pools and carbon lability and management indices in a seven-year trial with wheat-mung bean-rice rotation

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Pedosphere 2022年第6期32卷 916-927页

作者： Rafeza BEGUM Mohammad M.R.JAHANGIR Mohammad JAHIRUDDIN Mohammad Rafiqul ISLAM Shaikh M.BOKHTIAR Khandakar R.ISLAM Department of Soil Science Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh 2202(Bangladesh) Soil Resource Development Institute Dhaka 1215(Bangladesh) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation(SAARC)Agriculture Center Dhaka 1215(Bangladesh) The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43235(USA)

Soil total organic carbon(TOC)is a composite indicator of soil quality with implications for crop production and the regulation of soil ecosystem *** reports on the dynamics of TOC as a consequence of soil management practices in subtropical climatic conditions,where microbial carbon(C)loss is high,are very *** objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of seven years of continuous tillage and residue management on soil TOC dynamics(quantitative and qualitative)with respect to lability and stratification under an annual wheat-mung bean-rice cropping *** soil samples were collected at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths from a three-replicate split-plot experiment with tillage treatment as the main plots and crop residue levels as the *** tillage treatments included conventional tillage(CT)and strip tillage(ST).Residue levels were high residue level(HR),30%of the plant height,and low residue level(LR),15%.In addition to TOC,soil samples were analyzed for particulate organic C(POC),permanganate oxidizable C(POXC),basal respiration(BR),specific maintenance respiration rate(qCO_(2)),microbial biomass C(MBC),potentially mineralizable C(PMC),and TOC lability and management *** ST treatment significantly increased the TOC and labile C pools at both depths compared with the CT treatment,with the effect being more pronounced in the surface *** HR treatment increased TOC and labile C pools compared with the LR *** ST+HR treatment showed significant increases in MBC,metabolic quotient(qR),C pool index(CPI),C lability index(CL_(I)),and C management index(CMI),indicating improved and efficient soil biological activities in such systems compared with the CT ***,the stratification values,a measure of soil quality improvement,for POC and MBC were>2,indicating improved soil quality in the ST+HR treatment compared with the CT *** ST+HR treatment not only significantly increased the contents o

关键词： basal respiration carbon management index carbon stratification particulate organic carbon permanganate oxidizable carbon total organic carbon

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Responses of butachlor degradation and microbial properties in a riparian soil to the cultivation of three different plants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第9期23卷 1437-1444页

作者： Changming Yang Mengmeng Wang Haiyan Chen Jianhua Li State Key Laboratory of PoUution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the biodegradation dynamics and related microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition in a riparian soil planted with different plants such as Phragmites australis,Zizania aquatica,and Acorus *** results showed that there were significant differences in microbial degradation dynamics of butachlor in the rhizosphere soils among the three riparian *** displays a significantly higher degradation efficiency of butachlor in the rhizosphere soils,as compared with *** and ***-life time of butachlor degradation in the rhizospheric soils of ***,***,and *** were 7.5,9.8 and 5.4 days,*** butachlor concentration in *** rhizosphere soil was 35.2% and 21.7% lower than that in *** and *** rhizosphere soils,respectively,indicating that *** showed a greater improvement effect on biodegradation of butachlor in rhizosphere soils than the other two riparian *** general,microbial biomass and biochemical activities in rhizosphere soils were depressed by butachlor addition,despite the riparian plant ***,rhizospheric soil microbial ecophysiological responses to butachlor addition significantly （P 0.05） differed between riparian plant *** to *** and ***,*** showed significantly larger microbial number,higher enzyme activities and soil respiration rates in the rhizosphere *** results indicated that *** have a better alleviative effect on inhibition of microbial growth due to butachlor addition and can be used as a suitable riparian plant for detoxifying and remediating butachlor contamination from agricultural nonpoint pollution.

关键词： riparian wetland butachlor rhizospheric degradation soil microflora enzymatic activities basal respiration

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Impact of Simulated Drought Stress on Soil Microbiology, and Nematofauna in a Native Shrub + Millet Intercropping System in Senegal

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2016年第12期6卷 189-203页

作者： Sidy Diakhaté Ndeye-Yacine Badiane-Ndour Hassna Founoune-Mboup Sally Diatta Abdoulaye Fofana Fall Rebecca R. Hernandez Laurent Cournac Richard Dick Lydie Chapuis-Lardy National Research Laboratory for Crop Production (LNRPV/ISRA) Dakar Senegal LMI IESOL International Laboratory for Ecological Intensification of Cultivated Soil in West Africa Dakar Senegal Land Air and Water Resource Department University of California-Davis Davis CA USA School of Environment and Natural Resources Ohio State University Columbus OH USA French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) Montpellier France IRD-ISRA Research Center BP1386 Dakar Senegal

Drought stress strongly affects soil biota and impairs crop production, which under climate change will be exacerbated in semi-arid cropping regions such as the Sahel. Hence soil management systems are needed that can buffer against drought. In West Africa, field studies have found intercropping of millet with the native shrub Piliostigma reticulatum improves soil-plant-water relations, microbial activity and diversity, and suppress parasitic nematodes, which can significantly increase crop yield. However, little information is available on its beneficial or negative effects on soils or crops during water stress. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the impact of P. reticulatum in moderating water stress effects on soil properties and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) productivity. In the greenhouse, soil chemical and microbial properties and millet growth were investigated with a factorial experiment of varying levels of soil moisture (favorable, moderately stressed, or severely stressed water conditions) that was imposed for 55 days on soils containing sole P. reticulatum or millet, or millet + P. reticulatum. The results showed that the presence of P. reticulatum did not buffer soils against water stress in relation to soil chemical and microbial properties measured at the end of the experiment. Severe water stress did significantly decrease the height, number of leaves, and aboveground biomass of millet plants. Additionally, respiration, nematofauna trophic structure and abundance decreased as water stress increased. Lastly, bacterial feeders and plant parasitic nematodes were the most sensitive to severe water stress while fungal feeding nematodes remained unaffected. The results suggested that the intensity of water stress had more negative effects on soil basal respiration rather than soil microbial biomass.

关键词： Sub-Saharan Africa Shrub-Based Cropping System Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Water Stress Climate Change Nematode basal respiration Greenhouse Experiment

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Microbial Attributes of Infested Soil Suppressive to Bacterial Wilt by Bokashi Amendments

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第10期6卷 1239-1247页

作者： Mariana R.Fontenelle Carlos A.Lopes Carlos E.P.Lima Daiane C.Soares Luciana R.B.Silva Daniel B.Zandonadi Ronessa B.Souza Antonio W.Moita Embrapa Hortalicas/CNPH BrasiliaBrazil

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a major tomato disease in tropical and sub-tropical regions. It is difficult to be managed, since no single measure confers significant contribution for disease control. Among the cultural practices available for disease management, bokashi provides nutrients to the plants, increasing the microbial biomass, improving the quality of the soil and, in some cases, protecting plants against diseases. In this work, we evaluated the effect of three different bokashis (Embrapa—BE;poultry—BP and cattle—BC) in two soils artificially and naturally infested with R. solanacearum, on the suppression of bacterial wilt in tomato. Disease control is discussed upon measurements on the contents of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), on total organic carbon (TOC), on basal respiration (BR), on metabolic coefficient (qCO2) and on microbial coefficient (qMIC). The experiment was implemented in greenhouse, with completely randomized design and factorial arrangement of treatments 2 × 3 (two soils × three bokashis). Disease suppression, assessed through wilt incidence 20 and 30 days after transplanting, was better observed in the naturally infested soil, where BP and BE were more efficient in controling the disease. TOC contents were higher in the artificially infested soil compared to that naturally infested, whereas the qMIC presented higher value for the naturally infested soil, which had greater contribution of MBC. Higher rates of BR and qCO2 were observed for the naturally infested soil with BC, probably indicating high plant stress caused by the disease in this treatment. Moreover, a high and positive correlation coefficient was found between the variables qCO2 and the number of infected plants at 30 days after transplanting. In the artificially infested soil, a negative correlation was found between the number of infected plants at 20 days after transplanting and TOC.

关键词： basal respiration Disease Control Microbial Biomass Ralstonia solanacearum Solanum lycopersicum

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