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Two Modes and Their Seasonal and Interannual Variation of the baroclinic waves/Storm Tracks over the Wintertime North Pacific

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第9期32卷 1244-1254页

作者： JIANG Yuxin TAN Benkui Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Peking University

In this study,a newly developed method,termed moving empirical orthogonal function analysis（MEOF）,is applied to the study of midlatitude baroclinic waves over the wintertime North Pacific from 1979 to *** is shown that when the daily,high-pass filtered（2–10 days） meridional wind at 250 h Pa is chosen as the variable of the MEOF analysis,typical features of baroclinic waves/storm tracks over the wintertime North Pacific can be well described by this *** is found that the first two leading modes of the MEOF analysis,MEOF1 and MEOF2,assume quite different ***1 takes the form of a single wave train running in the east–west direction along 40°N,while MEOF2 is a double wave train pattern running in the east–west direction along 50°N and 30°N,*** shift composites of various anomalous fields based on MEOF1 and MEOF2 assume typical baroclinic wave ***1 represents a primary storm track pulsing with an intrinsic time scale of two *** shows significant ＂midwinter suppression＂ and apparent interannual *** is stronger after the mid-1990 s than before the mid-1990 ***2 represents a double-branch storm track,also with an intrinsic time scale of approximately two days,running along 50°N and 30°N,*** shows no apparent seasonal variation,but its interannual and decadal variation is quite *** oscillates with larger amplitude and longer periods after the mid-1990 s than before the mid-1990 s,and is heavily modulated by El Ni n°o–Southern Oscillation（ENSO）.

关键词： baroclinic waves Pacific storm tracks MEOF analysis ENSO

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Mesoscale Predictability of Moist baroclinic waves: Variable and Scale-dependent Error Growth

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第5期31卷 995-1008页

作者： BEI Naifang Fuqing ZHANG School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Meteorology the Pennsylvanian State University University ParkPennsylvania 16802 USA

This study seeks to quantify the predictability of different forecast variables at various scales through spectral analysis of the difference between perturbed and unperturbed cloud-permitting simulations of idealized moist baroclinic waves amplify- ing in a conditionally unstable atmosphere. The error growth of a forecast variable is found to be strongly associated with its reference-state （unperturbed） power spectrum and slope, which differ significantly from variable to variable. The shallower the reference state spectrum, the more spectral energy resides at smaller scales, and thus the less predictable the variable since the error grows faster at smaller scales before it saturates. In general, the variables with more small-scale components （such as vertical velocity） are less predictable, and vice versa （such as pressure）. In higher-resolution simulations in which more rigorous small-scale instabilities become better resolved, the error grows faster at smaller scales and spreads to larger scales more quickly before the error saturates at those small scales during the first few hours of the forecast. Based on the reference power spectrum, an index on the degree of lack （or loss） of predictability （LPI） is further defined to quantify the predictive time scale of each forecast variable. Future studies are needed to investigate the scale- and variable-dependent predictability under different background reference flows, including real case studies through ensemble experiments.

关键词： predictability baroclinic waves error growth mesoscale

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QUASI-RESONANCE OF baroclinic ATMOSPHERIC waves AND EXTRATROPICAL LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1993年第4期7卷 442-453页

作者：陆维松 Nanjing Institute of Meteorology

In operating the quasi-geostrophic two-layer model,the quasi-resonance occurs possibly in two cases:(1)pure barotropic waves;(2) two baroclinic and one barotropic *** case (2),we find the analytical solution of triad amplitude of quasi-resonance and approximate expression for the period of wave energy *** the approxi- mate expression and numerical calculation indicate that this period tends to approach the period (2πε)/(△ω) of the quasi-resonance frequency mismatch △ω itself for the baroclinic atmosphere than for the barotropic ***- ically,there is a feedback mechanism between the wave phase and amplitude,and the slowly varying phase difference be- tween the barotropic wave and the baroclinic wave causes the conversion of kinetic energy and available potential energy,which gives rise to the wave-related low-frequency oscillation alternatively strengthening and weakening with the oscillation period identical to the above approximate *** △ω～(0.1-0.02) 0(ωj),the averaged energy peri- od is 12-43 days and when △ω=0,i t is 366 ***,the occurrence of frequency mismatch △ω is probably a new important mechanism for the formation of extratropical low -frequency oscillation in baroclinic atmosphere as well.

关键词： quasi-resonance baroclinic waves low-frequency oscillation

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Influence of Bottom Inclination on the Flow Structure in a Rotating Convective Layer

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第4期20卷 739-748页

作者： Andrei Vasiliev Andrei Sukhanovskii Elena Popova Laboratory of Turbulence Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RASPerm614013Russia

The formation of convective flows in a rotating cylindrical layer with an inclined bottom and free surface is *** is driven by localized cooling at the center of the upper free surface and by rim heating at the bottom near the *** horizontal temperature difference in a rotating layer leads to the formation of a convective flow with a complex *** mean meridional circulation,consisting of three cells,provides a strongly non-uniform differential *** a result of the instability of the main cyclonic zonal flow,the train of baroclinic waves appears in the upper *** baroclinic waves provide most of the heat transfer in the middle radii and are responsible for strong temperature and velocity *** is shown that the inclination of the bottom is a crucial factor for the structure of the convective cells and the dynamics of the baroclinic *** increase in the inclination angle leads to a significant increase in the energy of the *** obtained results may be important for heat and mass transfer in various geophysical and industrial systems,including transport of various additives and impurities in rotating crucibles,and crystallization processes.

关键词： Laboratory modeling global atmospheric circulation baroclinic waves beta-effect

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