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bank gully extraction from DEMs utilizing the geomorphologic features of a loess hilly area in China

Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第1期13卷 151-168页

作者： Xin YANG Jiaming NA Guoan TANG Tingting WANG Axing ZHU Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province) Nanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Department of Geography University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

As one of most active gully types in the Chinese Loess Plateau,bank gullies generally indicate soil loss and land *** study addressed the lack of detailed,large scale monitoring of bank gullies and proposed a semi-automatic method for extracting bank gullies,given typical topographic features based on 5 m resolution ***,channel networks,including bank gullies,are extracted through an iterative channel bum-in ***,gully heads are correctly positioned based on the spatial relationship between gully heads and their corresponding gully shoulder ***,bank gullies are distinguished from other gullies using the newly proposed topographic measurement of "relative gully depth (RGD)."The experimental results from the loess hilly area of the Linjiajian watershed in the Chinese Loess Plateau show that the producer accuracy reaches 87.5%. The accuracy is affected by the DEM resolution and RGD parameters,as well as the accuracy of the gully shoulder *** application in the Madigou watershed with a high DEM resolution validated the duplicability of this method in other *** overall performance shows that bank gullies can be extracted with acceptable accuracy over a large area,which provides essential information for research on soil erosion,geomorphology,and environmental ecology.

关键词： bank gully DEMs topographic features loess shoulder line relative gully depth

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bank erosion in an Andean páramo river system: Implications for hydro-development and carbon dynamics in the neotropical Andes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第2期16卷 243-255页

作者： Derek J.MARTIN Christopher ELY Beverley C.WEMPLE Department of Geography and Planning Appalachian State University Department of Geography University of Vermont

The páramo of the Northern Andes provide critically important ecosystem services to the Northern Andean region in the form of water provisioning and carbon sequestration, both of which are a result of the páramo?s organic-rich soils. Little is known, however, about the hydro-geomorphic characteristics of the rivers that drain these ecosystems. With impending plans for widespread hydro-development and increasing implementation of carbon-sequestering compensation for ecosystem services programs in the region it is imperative that we develop a thorough understanding of the hydrogeomorphic role that rivers play in this unique ecosystem. The objective of this study was to quantify bank erosion along an Amazonian headwater stream draining a small, relatively undisturbed páramo catchment to gain a better understanding of the natural erosion regime and the resulting sediment contributions from this unique ecosystem. This study implemented a combination of field, laboratory, and Geographic Information Systems techniques to quantify bank erosion rates and determine a bank erosion sediment yield from the Ningar River, a small páramo catchment(22.7 km^2) located in the eastern Andean cordillera of Ecuador. Results show that bank erosion rates range from 3.0 to ≥ 390.0 mm/yr, are highly episodic, and yield at least 487 tons of sediment annually to the Ningar River. These results imply that 1) páramo ecosystems substantially contribute to the sediment load of the Amazon River basin; 2) bank erosion is a potentially significant flux component of basin-scale carbon cycles in páramo ecosystems; and 3) hydrologic alteration campaigns(dam building) will likely critically alter these contributions and concomitantly disconnect a critical source of sediment and nutrients to downstream ecosystems.

关键词： bank erosion Páramo Fluvial geomorphology Andes

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Research on stability of the accumulated rock-soil body of reservoir bank under rainfall condition

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第9期52卷 2528-2535页

作者： GU ChongShi1,2,WU HaiZhen1,2 & SU HuaiZhi1,2 1 College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China 2 National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China 3 Jiangxi Water Conservancy Research Institute,Nanchang 330029,China 1. College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China 2. National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China 3. Jiangxi Water Conservancy Research Institute Nanchang 330029 China

The shear strength parameters property of rock-soil aggregates in embankment slope of reservoir,that is,the relationship between cohesion and gravel content,between friction angle and gravel content,and the relationship between cohesion and water content,between friction angle and water content,is studied based on the direct shear test results,the shear strength change law of the rock-soil aggregates is given,and the unsaturated shear strength formulation of rock-soil aggregates that could consider suction and saturation degree influence is put forward in this paper,through which the sliding or failure physical mechanism of this type of slope under the condition of rainfall infiltration is studied. Also the 3D unsteady saturated-unsaturated seepage field and its FEM resolving mode are established based on the analysis of the slope rainfall infiltration process. Case study with this method indicates that the minimum safety factor of the accumulated rock-soil aggregates dose not arrive at the moment of rainfall cessation,but appears several hours after the rainfall cessation,this phenomenon is in accordance with the practical slope engineering's failure process and could explain appropriately the slope failure caused by rainfall infiltration. Research results in this paper have an important reference value for the research on stability of the accumulated rock-soil aggregates in embankment slope of reservoir,and can enrich the stability analysis method and relevant theory of reservoir embankment slope.

关键词： reservoir bank slope rock-soil aggregates rainfall infiltration saturated/unsaturated seepage

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Gene bank scheduling of seed regeneration: Interim report on a long term storage study

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第7期18卷 1529-1540页

作者： Robert Redden Debra Partington Australian Temperate Field Crops Collection Private Bag 260Agriculture Victoria

A major challenge for the management of gene banks is the maintenance of good seed health in the *** germplasm collections >10 000 accessions often have been acquired from different sources over a range of dates,may differ in germination at time of deposition in the gene bank,and may have genetic differences in seed *** major storage variables affecting seed longevity are temperature and seed moisture *** varieties of each pea(Pisum sativus L.),lentil(Lens culinaris Medikus ***),and chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.),were stored at three temperatures;40,20,and 2°C,each with three seed moisture levels of 10.9–13.8%(high),7.9–10.3%(medium),and 7–7.8%(low),in the Australian Temperate Field Crops Collection gene *** longevity at a given storage period was estimated by the corresponding germination percentage for each *** paper is an interim report on seed viability decline in the first seven years of this seed longevity study,in which viability decline towards zero was almost completed in the three seed moisture treatments at 40°C and the 20°C high seed moisture treatment,but had not declined in the other *** longevity positively responded to a reduction in temperature and then to a reduction in seed *** number of days in storage for seed germination decline to 85%(p85),and to 50%(p50) for mean seed viability,are reported by storage/varietal *** p85 and p50 showed significant inverse linear responses with seed moisture at 40°C for pea and lentil varieties,with intra-specific variation for *** long term trial aims to provide informed timing of seed regeneration for accessions in a gene bank.

关键词： gene bank storage moisture level temperature regeneration pea lentil chickpea

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River bank protection from ship-induced waves and river flow

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Water Science and Engineering 2019年第2期12卷 129-135页

作者： Sahameddin Mahmoudi Kurdistani Giuseppe R. Tomasicchin Felice D’Alessandro Leila Hassanabadi Department of Engineering for Innovation University of Salento

A new equation is proposed for the design of armor units on protected river banks under the combined action of ship-induced waves and river *** observed field and experimental data in the literature have been examined and a valuable database has been *** conditions,including the river water depth,flow velocity,river bank slope,Froude number,wave height,wave period,and wave obliquity have been *** from an empirical equation (Bhowmik,1978) that only considers the maximum wave height and river bank slope have been compared with the results calculated by the newly developed *** results have also been verified against field *** show that not only the maximum wave height and river bank slope but also the water depth,flow velocity,wave length,wave obliquity,and wave period are important parameters for predicting the mean diameter of the armor units,highlighting the multivariate behavior of protecting the river bank in the presence of ship-induced waves and river flow velocity.

关键词： River bank protection Hydraulics Ship-induced waves River flow velocity Wave period Wave obliquity Multivariate phenomenon

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MAJOR PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE bank AREA OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

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Chinese Geographical Science 2000年第2期10卷 97-104页

作者： YANG Gui-shan(Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjng 210008, P R. China) Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology the Chinese Academy of Sciences 210008 Nanjing P. R. China

Developing the Changjiang(Yangtze) River and building a developed economic zone along the bank area of the Chanajiang River is a great strategic decision of the national macroeconomic development distribution. This decision has both given an impetus to fast development of the regional economy and exacerbated the contradiction among economy and resources and environment. In this paper, some major problems ekisting in economic sustainable development, such as scattered industrial structure, duplicated construction of the great projects, enlarging the development gap of the regional economy and deteriorated environment etc., have been studied. The results show that scattered structure and duplicated distribution of some key industries and projects, especially automobile, electronics and petrochemical industry and communication, power installations, is one of the reasons for low industrial economic benefit; the great development gap among upper, middle and lower reaches areas are enlarging since the 1990’ s; soil erosion, nood disaster and environmental pollution are still exacerliating due to unreasonable over-development. Based on the above analysis, this paper brings out some countermeasures and proposals for increasing the ability of regional sustainable development, including transregional reorganization of industrial structure linking by assets and speeding the process of regional economy integration; gradually controlling and reducing the development gap arnong upper, middle and lower reaches areas through regional cooperation on a mutually beneficial basis; as well as strengthening ecological construction and environmental protection and increasing environmental bearing capacity etc.

关键词： the bank area of the Changjiang River sustainable development structure problems environment deterioration

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bank equity connections,intellectual property protection and enterprise innovation——A bank ownership perspective

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2016年第3期9卷 207-233页

作者： Xing Liu Shuiquan Jiang School of Economics and Business Administration Chongqing University

This study investigates the effects of bank equity connections and intellectual property protection on enterprises' innovation behavior,and the regulating effect of intellectual property protection on the relationship between bank equity connections and *** general,bank equity connections and intellectual property protection not only significantly increase innovation input,but also improve innovation ***,the efficiency of bank equity connections is influenced by the heterogeneity of enterprises and the value orientation of the *** equity connections have a more significantly positive effect on innovation in private and central enterprises,whereas the principal-agent problem and government intervention may weaken the marginal contribution of bank equity connections to the innovation of local state-owned *** equity connections and intellectual property protection are complementary in promoting enterprise *** only are the combined effects of bank equity connections and intellectual property protection greater than the individual effects,but when the latter is relatively weak,the former's positive effect on innovation is obviously weakened and may even crowd out innovation.

关键词： bank equity connections Intellectual property protection Corporate innovation Innovation performance

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Significance of biological resource collection and tumor tissue bank creation

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2010年第1期2卷 5-8页

作者： Ying-Yan Yu Zheng-Gang Zhu Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Inst Digest Surg Sch Med Dept Surg Shanghai 200025 Peoples R China

Progress in the molecular oncology of gastrointestinal carcinomas depends on high quality cancer tissues for research. Recent acceleration on new technological platforms as well as the "omics" revolution increases the demands on tissues and peripheral blood for research at the DNA, mRNA and protein levels. Tissue bank creation emerges as a priority. Tumor tissue banks are facilities that are organized to collect, store and distribute samples of tumor and normal tissue for further use in basic and translational cancer research. The samples are generally obtained immediately after excision, prior to fixation, to ensure optimal preservation of proteins and nucleic acids. It is possible for surgeons or pathologists to collect fresh tissue prospectively during their routine dissection procedures. Most tissue banks are "project-driven" tumor banks, which are specialized collections of tumor samples on which their research is based. Systematic collection of all available tumor tissue is much rarer. High quality tissue banks need the collaboration of clinicians and basic scientists, but also the informed consent of patients and ethical approval. Through the standard operation procedure, snap frozen fresh tissue collection, storage and quality control for cryopreserved tissues are the pivotal factors on tissue bank construction and maintaining. The purpose of the tissue bank creation is enhancing the quality and speed on both the basic and translational research on gastrointestinal cancer. The quality assurance and quality control are handled based on reviewing HE staining slides or touch imprint cytology by pathologists.

关键词： Tissue bank Bioresource Cryopreservation Quality control

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A Study of Supervision Performance of China's Commercial banks from the Perspective of the Trinity-Characteristics of bank Supervision System

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当代财经 2015年第S1期 65-76页

作者： LV Jianglin HUANG Guang Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics

Based on the theoretical analysis, this paper applies the entropy method to establish a comprehensive index system for the evaluation of the overall level of risk control and comprehensive efficiency of the supervision of China's commercial banks. Considering the trinity-characteristics of bank supervision system consisting of the People's bank of China(PBC), the CBRC and the financial offices of local governments,the following conclusions have been drawn: the amount of penalties on banking illegal transactions is not correlated with the supervision efficiency of China's commercial banks; the capital adequacy ratio, the loan to deposit ratio, the percentage point of the non-performing loan rate of urban commercial banks higher than that of the national joint-stock banks are negatively correlated with the supervision efficiency of China's commercial banks; the total asset variation of the PBC and the different loan balance in local and foreign currency of the banks are positively correlated with the supervision efficiency of China 's commercial banks, but the effect is minor. Therefore, China should give the capital adequacy ratio a full play in the bank supervision, accelerate the construction of supervision information system and improve the supervision function of the local governments.

关键词： bank supervision performance evaluation risk control comprehensive efficiency

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A Brief Introduction to bank of China

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国际金融研究 1990年第9期 4-6页

bank of China (BOC) is state specialized foreign exchange bank of the People’s Republic of China, its predecessor was bank of Great. Qing—a government bank of the Qing Dynasty which was overthrown in October 1911 by the bourgeois democratic revolution. In January of the ensuing year, bank of Great Qing was reconstructed to become the bank of China under the sanction of Dr. Sun Yat-sen,interim president of the Republic of China. It had performed the functions of a state bank until 1928 when turned into an international exchange and remittance bank of old China.

关键词： bank In A Brief Introduction to bank of China

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