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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2014年第4期2卷 704-711页

作者： Ajayi Samuel Taiwo Joseph Yakubu Oricha Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

The paper presents modeling approach of a Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) system. The complete model derivation of the SEPIC converter system has been presented in different modes of operation. Steady state and small signal analysis was carried out on the converter dynamic equations using the method of Harmonic balance Technique. The steady state variables and their respective ripple quantities obtained were plotted against duty ratio D. The results obtained for a supply input voltage of 60 volts to the converter at a duty ratio of D = 0.8 , compares well with simulation results.

关键词： SEPIC Converter Switching Function Harmonic balance Technique

China-U.S. Trade balance from the National Income Perspective

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China Economist 2019年第3期14卷 82-97页

作者：李鑫茹陈锡康段玉婉祝坤福 Academy of Mathematics and Systems Sciences (AMSS) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Key Laboratory of Management Decision and Information Systems CAS School of International Trade and Economics Central University of Finance and Economics (CUFE) Research Institute for Global Value Chains (RIGVC) University of International Business and Economics (UIBE)

This paper calculates the China-U.S. trade balance from the national income perspective based on an input-output model that differentiates domestic and foreign-invested companies. The result shows that due to different degrees of dependence of both countries on foreign production factors such as foreign capital for the manufacturing of export goods,only 87.7% of the domestic value-added created by China's exports to the U.S. in 2012 was China's national income, whereas 96.2% of value-added in U.S. exports to China was *** income. In the comparison of total export volume and export value-added, the home country's national income created by exports can more realistically reflect a country's gains from trade. In 2012, China's trade surplus with the U.S. stood at 102.8 billion US dollars in national income terms, which is 61% and 22% smaller than the results in gross and value-added terms, respectively. The implication is that the traditional trade balance accounting method seriously exaggerates the China-U.S. trade imbalance.

关键词： national income China-U.S. trade balance input-output model foreign direct investment

Life balance of Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2017年第11期8卷 583-594页

作者： Sepideh Nazi Narges Shafaroodi Laleh Lajevardi Afsoon Hassani Mehraban Farzaneh Yazdani Samaneh Hosseinzadeh Department of Occupational Therapy School of Rehabilitation Sciences Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK Department of Statistics and Computer Sciences University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Tehran Iran

Purpose: Having the child with Cerebral palsy is a very stressful experience for the family that could affect daily patterns and routines, habits, needs and occupational performances of all family members specially mothers. This study aimed to investigate life balance of mothers of children with Cerebral palsy (MCCPs) based on the Life balance Model. Method: Fifty MCCPs aged 3 to 9 years with sample convenient method participated in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. The Severity of cerebral palsy was determined by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and the life balance of mothers was evaluated by Persian version of the LBI (P_LBI). The collected data were evaluated and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The total mean score of LBI and its subscales showed that there is no balanced or very balanced life in mothers and they could be categorized to unbalanced (n = 21) and very unbalanced (n = 29). The total mean score of LBI was 1.46. χ2 test revealed statistically significant difference between two categories (unbalanced and very unbalanced) of mothers regarding GMFCS level (p = 0.009). Also, the total mean score of LBI and its subscales showed no significant difference between two categories (unbalanced and very unbalanced) regarding mother job and age and child age (p > 0.05) but it has significant difference regarding mother education (p = 0.009). Evaluation of the results of LBI and its different subscales indicated that the life balance at balanced or very balanced levels was not observed in any of the studied mothers, and they could be categorized in 2 groups of unbalanced (21 mothers ) and very unbalanced (29 mothers) (Table 2). Discussion: Based on the result of this study, mothers of Cerebral Palsy do not experience balanced life and this feeling of unbalance is related to the level of their child’s disability. Thus, it is necessary to consider this fact in family-centered evaluatio

关键词： Life balance Cerebral Palsy Main Caregiver

A Pilot Study on the Effect of Pelvic Exercise on Standing balance in Patients with Incomplete Cervical Spinal

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第3期4卷 123-132页

作者： Bo-Ra Choi Ju-Hyun Kim Junghwan Kim Department of Physical Therapy College of Public Health & Welfare Yongin University Yongin South Korea. Laboratory of Health Science & Nanophysiotherapy Department of Physical Therapy Graduate School Yongin University Yongin South Korea

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pelvic exercise on standing balance in patients with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury for healthy rehabilitation. 11 patients (8 men and 3 women) with levels of incomplete injury between cervical 3 and cervical 6 who were participated in a study measuring the standing balance using an interactive balance system (IBS) before and after pelvic exercise. The index of standing balance after pelvic exercise was significantly lower than before exercise in patients with incomplete cervical cord injury. The greatest improvements were observed in incomplete cervical spinal cord injury with neurologic levels of cervical 3 and 4 with Brown-Sequard syndrome. These results suggest that the pelvic exercise for rehabilitation significantly improved in part standing balance in patients with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury.

关键词： Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Standing balance Pelvic Exercise Rehabilitation

The Effect of Giving Intervention 12 balance Exercise on Postural balance in Elderly

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Open Journal of Nursing 2019年第5期9卷 534-540页

作者： Ninik Murtiyani Hartin Suidah Department of Nursing Nursing Academy Dian Husada Mojokerto Indonesia

Elderly is an age group that has a high risk of experiencing health problems. One risk that can be experienced by the elderly is the risk of falling. One of the risk factors for falling in the elderly is decreasing in postural balance of the elderly. One of the non-pharmacological therapies developed to reduce the risk of falling in the elderly is to improve the ability of the elderly, especially in controlling postural balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of 12 balance exercises to improve postural balance in the elderly. This type of research is quasi experiments with static group comparison. The research data are obtained by researchers using observation sheet, then the data are tabulated. This study involved two research groups namely the control group (the group not given the intervention) and the treatment group (the group that was given the 12 balance exercise intervention). From the results of Paired samples, t-test with significance level α = 0.05 is obtained by the significance value (p) of 0.025. This study shows that the provision of 12 balance therapy exercise strategy is effective to improve postural balance in the elderly as a preventive effort from the risk of falling.

关键词： Elderly Postural balance 12 balance Exercise

Long-Term Assessment of Nitrogen Pollution Load Potential for Groundwater by Mass balance Analysis in the Tedori River Alluvial Fan Area, Japan

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第2期5卷 171-182页

作者： Toshisuke Maruyama Masashi Yoshida Keiji Takase Hiroshi Takimoto Shigeo Ishikawa Sadao Nagasaka College of Bioresource Sciences Nihon University Nonoichi Japan Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Science Ishikawa Prefectural University Nonoichi Japan

To evaluate the nitrogen pollution load in an aquifer, a water and nitrogen balance analysis was conducted over a thirty-five year period at five yearly intervals. First, we established a two-horizon model comprising a channel/soil horizon, and an aquifer horizon, with exchange of water between the aquifer and river. The nitrogen balance was estimated from the product of nitrogen concentration and water flow obtained from the water balance analysis. The aquifer nitrogen balance results were as follows: 1) In the aquifer horizon, the total nitrogen pollution load potential (NPLP) peaked in the period 1981-1990 at 1800 t·yr-1;following this the NPLP rapidly decreased to about 600 t·yr-1 in the period 2006-2010. The largest NPLP input component of 1000 t·yr-1 in the period 1976-1990 was from farmland. Subsequently, farmland NPLP decreased to only 400 t·yr-1 between 2006 and 2010. The second largest input component, 600 t·yr-1, was effluent from wastewater treatment works (WWTWs) in the period 1986-1990;this also decreased markedly to about 100 t·yr-1 between 2006 and 2010;2) The difference between input and output in the aquifer horizon, used as an index of groundwater pollution, peaked in the period 1986-1990 at about 1200 t·yr-1. This gradually decreased to about 200 t·yr-1 by 2006-2010. 3) The temporal change in NPLP coincided with the nitrogen concentration of the rivers in the study area. In addition, nitrogen concentrations in two test wells were 1.0 mg·l-1 at a depth of 150 m and only 0.25 mg·l-1 at 50 m, suggesting gradual percolation of the nitrogen polluted water deeper in the aquifer.

关键词： Water balance Nitrogen balance Groundwater Pollution Sewage Treatment Water Pollution from Farmland Nitrogen Pollution Load Potential

Solving the balance Problem of On-Line Role-Playing Games Using Evolutionary Algorithms

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2012年第8期5卷 574-582页

作者： Haoyang Chen Yasukuni Mori Ikuo Matsuba Advanced Integration Science Graduate School of Chiba University Chiba Japan

In on-line role-playing games (RPG), each race holds some attributes and skills. Each skill contains several abilities such as physical damage, hit rate, etc. Parts of the attributes and all the abilities are a function of the character’s level, which are called Ability-Increasing Functions (AIFs). A well-balanced on-line RPG is characterized by having a set of well-balanced AIFs. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary design method, including integration with an improved Probabilistic Incremental Program Evolution (PIPE) and a Cooperative Coevolutionary Algorithm (CCEA), for on-line RPGs to maintain the game balance. Moreover, we construct a simplest turn-based game model and perform a series of experiments based on it. The results indicate that the proposed method is able to obtain a set of well-balanced AIFs efficiently. They also show that in this case the CCEA outperforms the simple genetic algorithm, and that the capability of PIPE has been significantly improved through the improvement work.

关键词： Game Design Game balance Cooperative Coevolutionary Algorithm Probabilistic Incremental Program Evolution

Foliar Nutrient balance Standards for Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) at High-Yield Level

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 497-507页

作者： Viviane Cristina Modesto Serge-étienne Parent William Natale Léon Etienne Parent Departamento de Solos e Adubos Unesp Universidade Estadual Paulista Jabotocabal Brazil ERSAM Department of Soils and Agrifood Engi-neering Université Laval Québec Canada

Maize is one of the most nutrient demanding staple crops. Tissue nutrient diagnosis of maize is currently conducted using critical nutrient concentration or dual ratio ranges, but such diagnoses are pathological as biased by data redundancy, sub-compositional incoherence and non-normal distribution. The use of orthogonal balances, a compositional data analysis technique, avoids such biases. Our objective was to develop foliar nutrient balance standards for maize. We collected 758 grain yields (15.5% moisture content) and foliar samples at silk stage in maize fields of southern Quebec, Canada, and analyzed ten nutrients in tissues (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe). Nutrients were arranged into ad hoc balances and computed as isometric log ratios (ilr). An optimized binary classification performed by a customized receiver operating characteristic procedure showed that a critical Mahalanobis distance of 4.21 separated balanced from imbalanced specimens about yield cut-off of 11.83 Mg grain·ha-1 with test performance of 86%. Quebec maize balance standards differed from published standards computed from DRIS norms collected in other agroecosystems. The Redfield N/P ratio in maize leaves was found to be the least variable balance across regions of the world. The DRIS dual ratios and raw concentration values were found to be geometrically inadequate for conducting diagnosis. The unbiased nutrient balance diagnosis combined the critical Mahalanobis distance and a mobile representation of nutrient balances with ilr means of true negative (TN) specimens centered at fulcrums and back-transformed ilr values of TN specimens into raw concentrations loading the buckets below. Nutrients can be appreciated as relative shortage, adequacy or excess in the concentration domain following statistical analysis and diagnosis in the unbiased balance domain.

关键词： Compositional Data Analysis Critical Range Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System DRIS Ionomics Nutrient balance Nutrient Interactions

Period-One Rotating Solutions of Horizontally Excited Pendulum Based on Iterative Harmonic balance

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2015年第8期5卷 413-427页

作者： Hui Zhang Tian-Wei Ma Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu USA

In this study, the iterative harmonic balance method was used to develop analytical solutions of period-one rotations of a pendulum driven horizontally by harmonic excitations. The performance of the method was evaluated by two criteria, one based on the system energy error and the other based on the global residual error. As a comparison, analytical solutions based on the multi-scale method were also considered. Numerical solutions obtained from the Dormand-Prince method (ODE45 in MATLAB©) were used as the baseline for evaluation. It was found that under lower-level excitations, the multi-scale method performed better than the iterative method. At higher-level excitations, however, the performance of the iterative method was noticeably more accurate.

关键词： Iterative Harmonic balance Period-One Rotation Horizontal Pendulum Nonlinear System

Blood Pressure balance as a Marker for Early Detection of Cerebral Infarction and a Criterion for Inclusion/Exclusion from Acupuncture Treatment

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Health 2021年第8期13卷 857-867页

作者： Mayumi Watanabe Yoshinobu Nakamura Chikako Tomiyama Nozomu Mandai Hanaa Yousef Bakir Tokimasa Takeda Faculty of Health Sciences Kansai University of Health Sciences Osaka Japan Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo University Tokyo Japan Acupuncture Center Nakamura Seikotsuin Niigata Japan Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata Japan Graduate School of Health Sciences Niigata University Niigata Japan Center for Humanities and Sciences Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences Ibaraki Japan Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Governorate Egypt Zinbunken Kyoto University Kyoto Japan

Background: Early detection of cerebral infarction (CI) by home acupuncturists might be helpful in reducing stroke mortality. We compared vital signs of patients who developed CI and those who did not to ascertain if blood pressure balance is a useful marker for the early detection of CI and for distinguishing cases with potentially effective/ineffective acupuncture treatment. Methods: In this retrospective study, vital signs such as body temperature, pulse, and blood pressure, were simultaneously obtained from the right and left arms of patients who received weekly acupuncture treatment. We focused on the differences between values obtained from the right and left arms (the balance) and compared the values of patients who developed CI [CI (+)] (n = 18) and those of age-/gender-matched patients who did not [CI (−)] (n = 18). Results: Left/right blood pressure was significantly more unbalanced in the CI (+) group than in the CI (−) group, especially immediately before the onset of CI. Moreover, all CIs occurred on the side with a lower blood pressure. Discussion and Conclusions: Blood pressure balance might aid in the early detection of CI and to determine whether treatment with traditional or modern medicine is more appropriate. Acupuncture may thus help maintain patients’ quality of life.

关键词： Acupuncture Aged Blood Pressure balance Cerebral Infarction Preventative Medicine