检索结果-南通市图书馆

Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 82-92页

作者： Stiven Roytman Rebecca Paalanen Giulia Carli Uros Marusic Prabesh Kanel Teus van Laar Nico I.Bohnen Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Morris K.Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Institute for Kinesiology Research Science and Research Centre KoperKoperSlovenia Department of Health Sciences Alma Mater Europaea–ECMMariborSlovenia Parkinson’s Foundation Research Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Neurology Service and GRECC VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： aging balance encephalography functional magnetic resonance imaging gait multisensory integration Parkinson’s disease positron emission tomography somatosensory vestibular visual

Reduction of epinephrine in the lumbar spinal cord following repetitive blast-induced traumatic brain injury in rats

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1548-1552页

作者： Shigeharu Tsuda Mustafa Golam Jiamei Hou Kevin K.W.Wang Floyd J.Thompson Prodip Bose Brain Rehabilitation Research Center Malcom Randall VA Medical CenterNorth Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health SystemGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Anesthesiology College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Emergency Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Neuroscience University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Neurology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Traumatic brain inju ry-induced unfavorable outcomes in human patients have independently been associated with dysregulated levels of monoamines,especially epinephrine,although few preclinical studies have examined the epinephrine level in the central nervous system after traumatic brain injury.Epinephrine has been shown to regulate the activities of spinal motoneurons as well as increase the heart rate,blood pressure,and blood flow to the hindlimb muscles.Therefore,the purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of repeated blast-induced traumatic brain injury on the epinephrine levels in seve ral function-s pecific central nervous system regions in rats.Following three repeated blast injuries at 3-day intervals,the hippocampus,motor cortex,locus coeruleus,vestibular nuclei,and lumbar spinal cord were harvested at post-injury day eight and processed for epinephrine assays using a high-sensitive electrochemical detector cou pled with high-performance liquid chromatography.Our results showed that the epinephrine levels were significantly decreased in the lumbar spinal cord tissues of blast-induced traumatic brain injury animals compared to the levels detected in age-and sex-matched sham controls.In other function-specific central nervous system regions,although the epinephrine levels were slightly altered following blast-induced tra u matic brain injury,they were not statistically significant.These results suggest that blast injury-induced significant downregulation of epinephrine in the lumbar spinal cord could negatively impact the motor and cardiovascular function.This is the first repo rt to show altered epinephrine levels in the spinal cord following repetitive mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury.

关键词： balance blood flow cardiovascular system central nervous system epinephrine ischemic damage lumbar spinal cord muscle tone repeated blast spasticity traumatic brain injury

Soleus arthrogenic muscle inhibition following acute lateral ankle sprain correlates with symptoms and ankle disability but not with postural control

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 559-568,F0003页

作者： Kyung-Min Kim Joo-Sung Kim Alan R.Needle Department of Sport Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-si 16419Republic of Korea Department of Health and Human Performance Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA Department of Public Health&Exercise Science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA Department of Rehabilitation Science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA

Background:Acute lateral ankle sprains(ALAS)are associated with long-term impairments and instability tied to altered neural excitability.Arthrogenic muscle inhibition(AMI)has been observed in this population;however,relationships with injury-related impairments are unclear,potentially due to the resting,prone position in which AMI is typically measured.Assessing AMI during bipedal stance may provide a better understanding of this relationship.Methods:AMI was assessed in 38 young adults(19 ALAS within 72 h of injury:10 males,21.4±2.7 years;19 healthy controls:10 males,21.9±2.2 years;mean±SD)using the Hoffmann reflex(H-reflex)during bipedal stance.Electrical stimulation was administered to identify the _(max)imal H-reflex(H_(max))and _(max)imal motor response(M_(max))from the soleus,fibularis longus,and tibialis anterior muscles.The primary outcome measure was the H_(max)/M_(max) ratio.Secondary outcomes included acute symptoms(pain and swelling),postural control during bipedal stance,and self-reported function.Results:No significant group-by-limb interactions were observed for any muscle.However,a significant group main effect was observed in the soleus muscle(F(1,35)=6.82,p=0.013),indicating significantly lower H_(max)/M_(max) ratios following ALAS(0.38±0.20)compared to healthy controls(0.53±0.16).Furthermore,lower H_(max)/M_(max) ratios in the soleus significantly correlated with acute symptoms and self-reported function but not with postural control.Conclusion:This study supports previous evidence of AMI in patients with ALAS,providing insight into neurophysiologic impacts of musculoskeletal injury.Our results suggest that assessing AMI in a standing position following acute injury may provide valuable insight into how AMI develops and guide potential therapeutic options to curb and offset the formation of joint instability.

关键词： Acute injuries balance Hoffmann reflex Neural excitability Patient-reported outcomes

Dahuang Zhechong pills inhibit liver cancer growth in a mouse model by reversing Treg/Th1 balance

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2022年第2期20卷 102-110页

作者： CHEN Tian-Tian DU Sha-Li WANG Shi-Jun WU Li YIN Lu Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China Shandong Co-innovation Center of TCM Formula School of Traditional Chinese MedicineShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355China

The infiltration of immune cells into the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment is the main reason why hepatocellular carcinoma patients are prone to carcinoma recurrence and the disease are incurable.Notably,the infiltration of Treg cells is the main trigger.Dahuang Zhechong pill(DHZCP)is a traditional Chinese herbal compound successful in the treatment of hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.DHZCP can heal and nourish while slowing the onset of the disease,thereby strengthening the body’s immune function.It can localize tumors and ultimately achieve the goal of eliminating tumors.In this study,an orthotopic liver cancer model of mice was used to explore the mechanism of DHZCP enhancing anti-tumor immunity,which showed more Th1 cells in the peripheral blood and spleen after DHZCP treatment,while more IFN-γwas secreted to activate CD8^(+)T cells and Treg cell production was inhibited,thereby suppressing the growth of HCC.Finally,we also analyzed the potential components of DHZCP from the perspective of modern targets using network pharmacology methods and experimental results.

关键词： Network pharmacology Hepatocellular Dahuang Zhechong pill balance Th1-Treg

Effect of biophysical interventions on balance and postural control in patients with ankle instability:A systematic review

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2023年第2期18卷 55-64页

作者： Ping Zhang Fang Liu Xin He Katherine Brooke-Wavell Qipeng Song Daniel T.P.Fong School of Sport Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK School of Humanities and Social Science The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenShenzhenChina The Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Shandong Sport University JinanChina

Ankle sprains have been one of the most prevalent injuries in active populations.This study aims to summarize the evidence of the effect of the biophysical techniques on balance and postural control in patients with ankle instability,and provide an overview of the application of biophysical interventions in patients with chronic ankle instability(CAI).A systematic search was conducted to include ten articles from 1989 to 2022 in this study.These articles were classified into two categories of balance and postural control.The authors identified a total of 1267 papers and decided to include 10 of them in the systematic review.The Star Excursion balance Test(SEBT)technique can help clinicians identify balance deficits and postural control,including a comprehensive evaluation of joint stability,strength,and sensorimotor function that would be undetected with single-leg stance static tests.These ten studies involved 481 participants with a mean age of 25.5±6.3 years.The mean duration time of the interventions was 5.4±2.4 weeks and the mean session training duration time was 36.7±17.0 min.The Kinesio taping(KT)and both the soft and semi-rigid orthosis brace may be productive in enhancing dynamic balance assessed by Star Excursion balance Test.The use of SG may improve perceived ankle instability and dynamic postural control(i.e.,anterior reach during SEBT)of patients with CAI.Regarding the intervention group,no homogeneity results in uncertainties about which techniques of intervention affect balance and postural control.

关键词： Ankle instability Chronic ankle instability balance Postural control Biophysical intervention

Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: From Detailed balance Limit Calculations to Photon Management

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Nano-Micro Letters 2019年第4期11卷 49-72页

作者： Mohammad I.Hossain Wayesh Qarony Sainan Ma Longhui Zeng Dietmar Knipp Yuen Hong Tsang Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Energy conversion efficiency losses and limits of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are investigated by detailed balance calculations and photon management.An extended Shockley-Queisser model is used to identify fundamental loss mechanisms and link the losses to the optics of solar cells.Photon management is used to minimize losses and maximize the energy conversion efficiency.The influence of photon management on the solar cell parameters of a perovskite single-junction solar cell and a perovskite/silicon solar cell is discussed in greater details.An optimized solar cell design of a perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell is presented,which allows for the realization of solar cells with energy conversion efficiencies exceeding 32%.

关键词： Perovskite solar cell Tandem solar cell Thermodynamic Photon management Detailed balance limit

Roles of urban vegetation on balance of carbon and oxygen in Guangzhou, China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第2期15卷 155-159页

作者： GUAN Dong-sheng, CHEN Yu-juan (Department of Environmental Science, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China. Department of Environmental Science Zhongshan University Guangzhou 510275 China

The plant biomass and net primary production(NPP) of urban vegetation in Guangzhou were estimated by dimension analysis, tree truck volume, and harvest methods as well as relationship between biomass and NPP and so on. The biomass and NPP were respectively 2875150t and 1058122 t/a. They were respectively 392495t and 64948 t/a in the built-up area and 2482655t and 993147 t/a in the unbuilt-up area. It would make plant biomass, especially NPP decline obviously, if the unbuilt-up area were changed to the built-up area. The carbon content of plant was 1328649 for the total and 13.78 t/hm 2 for the mean, and amounts of carbon fixed and oxygen made by urban vegetation were respectively 4.80 t/(hm 2·a) and 12.79 t/(hm 2·a) for the mean and 462624 t/a and 1232430 t/a for the total, which were equal to 1.45 times and 1.04 times of those by human breathing. However, they were only equal to 7.61% and 4.97% of amount of carbon released and oxygen consumption in urban Guangzhou. The biomass and NPP of urban vegetation in Guangzhou only corresponded to 7.8% and 47.3% of those of southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest in Dinghu Mountain. Therefore, the roles of Guangzhou urban vegetation in balance of carbon and oxygen would be increased greatly if it could be conserved and improved in some way.

关键词： urban vegetation carbon oxygen balance Guangzhou

Evaluation of a concept-based physical education unit for energy balance education

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第3期7卷 353-362页

作者： Senlin Chen Xihe Zhu Jared Androzzi Yoon Ho Nam department of kinesiology iowa state universityAmesIA 50011USA department of human movement sciences old dominion universityNorfolkVA 23529USA department of health physical educationrecreationand sportshepherd universityShepherdstownWV 25443USA school of sport and exercise science university of northern coloradoGreeleyCO 80639USA school of kinesiology louisiana state universityBaton RougeLA 70803USA.

Background:Physical education(PE)is a key channel that impacts children's decisions and behaviors for healthful living.This study evaluated the effects of a concept-based PE(CBPE)instructional unit,featured by energy balance(EB)education,on students'knowledge learning,situational interest,cognitive,and physical engagements as well as teachers'perceptions.Methods:Fourth and 5th grade students(n=468)in a mid-western state of the United States were recruited as the participants.Four elementary schools were randomized to the CBPE or control groups.Students'EB knowledge,situational interest,cognitive engagement,and physical engagement were measured by a knowledge test,the Situational Interest Scale—Elementary,written task sheets,and accelerometers,respectively,while teachers'perceptions of the CBPE unit were captured by individual interviews at the end of the experiment.Results:The CBPE group showed a significant increase in EB knowledge,while the control did not.Both groups showed a similar increasing trend for situational interest over time,although the statistical results favored the control group.For physical engagement,the CBPE group demonstrated a statistically different but substantively similar level of in-class physical activity compared to the control group.The CBPE group also showed a moderate level of cognitive engagement throughout the unit.The PE teachers reported overall positive perceptions about teaching the CBPE unit.Conclusion:These results support the utility of the CBPE unit in enhancing EB education along with facilitating positive student interest and engagement as well as positive teaching experiences.

关键词： Cognitive engagement Constructivist learning theories Curriculum intervention Energy balance knowledge Evaluation Physical engagement Situational interest

Plastid ribosomal protein LPE2 is involved in photosynthesis and the response to C/N balance in Arabidopsis thaliana^oo

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第9期62卷 1418-1432页

作者： Xiaoxiao Dong Sujuan Duan Hong-Bin Wang Hong-Lei Jin School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510006China

The balance between cellular carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) must be tightly coordinated to sustain op-timal growth and development in plants. In chloroplasts, photosynthesis converts inorganic C to organic C, which is important for maintenance of C content in plant cells. However, little is known about the role of chloroplasts in C/N balance. Here, we identified a nuclear-encoded pro-tein LOW PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY2 (LPE2) that it is required for photosynthesis and C/N balance in Arabidopsis. LPE2 is specifically localized in the chlor-oplast. Both loss-of-function mutants, lpe2-1 and lpe2-2, showed lower photosynthetic activity, characterized by slower electron transport and lower PSII quantum yield than the wild type. Notably, LPE2 is predicted to encode the plastid ribosomal protein S21 (RPS21). Deficiency of LPE2 significantly perturbed the thylakoid membrane composition and plastid protein accumulation, although the transcription of plastid genes is not affected ob-viously. More interestingly, transcriptome analysis in-dicated that the loss of LPE2 altered the expression of C and N response related genes in nucleus, which is con-firmed by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain re-action. Moreover, deficiency of LPE2 suppressed the re-sponse of C/N balance in physiological level. Taken together, our findings suggest that LPE2 plays dual roles in photosynthesis and the response to C/N balance.

关键词： Arabidopsis photosynthesis balance