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Roles of pre-formed martensite in below-Ms bainite formation,microstructure,strain partitioning and impact absorption energies of low-carbon bainitic steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第1期96卷 69-84页

作者： Lihe Qian Zhi Li Tongliang Wang Dongdong Li Fucheng Zhang Jiangying Meng State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China Library of Yanshan University Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

The roles of pre-formed martensite(PM)in below-Ms bainite formation,microstructure,crystallography,strain partitioning and mechanical properties of a low-carbon bainitic steel were investigated using electron-backscattered diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,micro digital image correlation technique and mechanical *** is demonstrated that the pre-formation of martensite eliminates the incubation time for bainite transformation at various austempering temperatures below Ms,indicative of its acceleration effect at the early stage of *** effect is mainly attributed to the surfaces or tips of the PM acting as the nuclei of subsequently-formed bainite,with initial bainite tending to form around the ***,the finishing time for below-Ms bainite transformation,especially at even lower temperatures,is retarded,owing to the dividing effect of PM on parent austenite grains,the decreasing effect of lowered isothermal temperature on the diffusion rate of carbon atoms and the strengthening effect of lowered isothermal temperature on supercooled *** and its adjacent bainitic laths have nearly the same crystallographic orientation and belong to the same *** pre-formation of martensite largely refines the bainitic blocks/laths and retained *** specimens with PM show relatively uniform strain partitioning among various phases,contrasting with the specimens without PM,for which strains are highly concentrated in the bainite region nearby fresh martensite/austenite(M/A)blocks or between adjacent M/A *** impact absorption energies of the specimens with PM,when austempered at 30-60℃ below Ms,are more than twice higher than those of the specimens without PM,at no expense of tensile properties.

关键词： bainite Martensite Impact toughness Transformation kinetics Strain partitioning

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bainite Transformation Under Continuous Cooling of Nb-Microalloyed Low Carbon Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2006年第3期13卷 36-39,67页

作者： YI Hai-long DU Lin-xiu WANG Guo-dong LIU Xiang-hua （State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 Liaoning China

Utilizing Gleeble-1500 thermomechanical simulator, the influences of hot deformation parameters on continuous cooling bainite transformation in Nb-microalloyed low carbon steel were investigated. The results indicate that bainite starting temperature decreases with raising cooling rate and increases with increasing deformation temperature. Deformation has an accelerative effect on the bainite transformation when the specimens are deformed at 950 ℃. When the deformation temperature increases, the effect of deformation on bainite starting temperature is weakened. The amount of bainite is influenced by strain, cooling rate, and deformation temperature. When the specimens are deformed below 900 ℃, equiaxed ferrites are promoted and the bainite transformation is suppressed.

关键词： Nb-microalloyed low carbon steel bainite starting temperature bainite equiaxed ferrite retained austenite

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Tempering Behavior of Ductile 1700 MPa Mn-Si-Cr-C Steel Treated by Quenching and Partitioning Process Incorporating bainite Formation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第2期31卷 199-204页

作者： Guhui Gao Han Zhang Xiaolu Gui Zhunli Tan Bingzhe Bai Materials Science & Engineering Research Center Beijing Jiaotong University Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung Max-Planck-Str.1Düsseldorf 40237Germany Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Material Science & EngineeringTsinghua University

We obtained a good combination of strength and ductility in a 0.4C-2.0Mn-1.7Si-0.4Cr（wt%） steel,namely,;.7 GPa of ultimate tensile strength and;6% of elongation,by conducting a Q-P-T（quenching-partitioning- tempering） process incorporating the formation of carbide-free bainite. The tempering behavior of this steel was discussed by using experimental finding(scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscopy and dilatometer) and CCE（constrained carbon equilibrium） modeling. The XRD results combined with CCE calculation prove that carbon partitioning from martensite to austenite occurs during tempering. Consequently,the thermodynamic stability of retained austenite is enhanced. This idea can be utilized to design novel Q-P-T processes in future.

关键词： bainite Quenching and partitioning Tempering Micro

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bainite Transformation of Low-carbon and Boron-containing Steel under Continuous Cooling

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2014年第3期21卷 359-363页

作者： Zhi-hong ZHANG Xiang-xin XUE Institute of Metallurgical Resources and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Liaoning Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Resources Circulation Science Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Boron Resources Liaoning University Key Laboratories of Ecological Utilization Technology of Boron Resources and Boron Materials

The effects of deformation temperature and strain on bainite transformation of low carbon steel and boron- containing steel were investigated under continuous cooling conditions by means of dilatometric measurement and mi- crostructure observation. The results show that with decreasing the deformation temperature from 1000 to 800 ℃ and increasing strains, bainite start temperature for boron-containing low carbon steel increases, whereas it decreases for low carbon steel under the same condition. The bainite microstructures are easily obtained for boron-containing steel deformed at different temperatures and different strains compared with plain low carbon steel. With increasing the continuous cooling rate, the bainite start temperature under deformed condition is about 20 ℃ higher than that under undeformed condition for boron-containing steel, but it changes slightly when the cooling rate is 20 ℃/s or more.

关键词： bainite start temperature boron containing steel phase transformation bainite

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Effects of ausforming strain on bainite transformation in nanostructured bainite steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第3期24卷 264-270页

作者： Hong-liang Fan Ai-min Zhao Qing-chun Li Hui Guo Jian-guo He Engineering Research Institute University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing Institute of Technology Press Beijing Institute of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Liaoning University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University

The effects of ausforming strain on bainite transformation in high-carbon low-alloy nanobainite steel were investigated using a Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator machine. The bainite transformation speed at 300°C was found to be accelerated by ausforming at 300, 600, and 700°C under applied strains ranging from 10% to 50% followed by isothermal transformation at 300°C. The ausformed bainite volume fraction varied with the ausforming strain because of the mechanical stabilization of the deformed austenite. Ausforming at low temperatures not only enhanced the bainite ferrite volume fraction but also refined the microstructure substantially. Although the amount of bainite ferrite might have been reduced with increasing strain, the microstructures were refined by ausforming. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Alloy steel bainite Carbon Enzyme kinetics Ferrite Microstructure Nanostructured materials Phase transitions Strain Volume fraction

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Kinetics of bainite-to-austenite transformation during continuous reheating in low carbon microalloyed steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第5期20卷 427-432页

作者： Ming Chang Hao Yu School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

A dilatometer was used to study the kinetics of bainite-to-austenite transformation in low carbon microalloyed steel with the initial microstructure of bainite during the continuous reheating process. The bainite-to-austenite trans- formation was observed to take place in two steps at low heating rate. The first step is the dissolution of bainite, and the second one is the remaining bainite-to-austenite transformation controlled by a dissolution process. The calculation result of the kinetics of austenite formation shows that the two steps occur by diffusion at low heating rate. However, at high heating rate the bainite-to-austenite transformation occurs in a single step, and the process is mainly dominated by shear. The growth rate of austenite reaches the maximum at about 835℃ at different heating rates and the growth rate of austenite as a function of temperature increases with the increase in heating rate.

关键词： low carbon steel microalloying bainite austenite phase transformations reheating kinetics

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In situ measured growth rates of bainite plates in an Fe-C-Mn-Si superbainitic steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第4期21卷 371-378页

作者： Zhang-wei Hu Guang Xu Hai-jiang Hu Li Wang Zheng-liang Xue Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of the Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Development and Application Technology of Automotive Steels (Baosteel Group)

The growth rates of bainite plates in an Fe-C-Mn-Si superbainitie steel were investigated by in situ observation. The lengthening rates of ferrite bainite during both cooling and isothermal holding processes were observed and the growth rates of bainite plates nucleating at grain boundaries, within grains and on preformed bainite were measured. It is indicated that the lengthening rates of bainite plates during the cooling and isothermal processes were different, and that the growth rates of bainite plates nucleating at different types of sites also demon- strated diversity. The bainite plates initiating at [vain boundaries during cooling grew the fastest, while the plates nucleating on preformed bainite did the slowest. However, the growth rate of the bainite plates nucleating at grain boundaries during isothermal transformation de- creased the most, whereas the bainite plates initiating within grains grew the fastest. In addition, the growth rate of ferrite bainite in the study supported the diffusion transformation mechanism of bainite from the viewooint of ~rowth rate.

关键词： bainitic steel bainite growth rate cooling isothermal treatment phase transitions

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Ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of high strength steel with carbide-free bainite/martensite complex microstructure

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2009年第3期16卷 285-292页

作者： Xue-xia Xu Yang Yu Wen-long Cui Bing-zhe Bai Jia-lin Gu Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tsirtghua University Beijing 100084 China

The ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of a novel high strength steel with carbide-free bainite/martensite （CFB/M） complex microstructure was studied. The ultra-high cycle fatigue properties were measured by ultrasonic fatigue testing equipment at a frequency of 20 kHz. It is found that there is no horizontal part in the S-N curve and fatigue fracture occurs when the life of specimens exceeds 10^7 cycles. In addition, the origination of fatigue cracks tends to transfer from the surface to interior of specimens as the fatigue cycle exceeds 10^7, and the fatigue crack originations of many specimens are not induced by inclusions, but by some kind of ＂soft structure＂. It is shown that the studied high strength steel performs good ultra-high cycle fatigue properties. The ultra-high fatigue mechanism was discussed and it is suggested that specific CFB/M complex microstructure of the studied steel contributes to its superior properties.

关键词： high strength steel ultra-high cycle fatigue bainite martensite fatigue behavior

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Crystallographic Analysis of Isothermally Transformed bainite in 0.2C-2.0Mn-1.5Si-0.6Cr Steel Using EBSD

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第4期29卷 359-366页

作者： Pasi P.Suikkanen Cyril Cayron Anthony J.DeArdo L.Pentti Karjalainen Ruukki Metals Oy Rautaruukintie 155P.O.Box 93FI-92101 RaaheFinland Department of Mechanical Engineering University of OuluP.O.Box 420090014 University of OuluFinland Ruukki Metals Oy Rautaruukintie 155P.O.Box 93FI-92101 RaaheFinland. CEA LITEN17 rues des Martys38054 GrenobleFrance Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh848 Benedum HallPittsburghPA 15261-2285USA

The crystallography of bainite, transformed isothermally at 450 ℃ in 0.2C-2.0Mn-1.5Si-0.6Cr steel, was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction （EBSD） analysis. The orientation relationship （OR） was found to be closer to Nishiyama-Wassermann （N-W） than Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship. bainite microstructure consisted of parallel laths forming a morphological packet structure. Typically, there were three different lath orientations in a morphological packet. These orientations were dictated by a three specific N-W OR variants sharing the same {111} austenite plane. A packet of bainite laths with common {111} austenite plane was termed as crystallographic packet. Generally, the crystallographic packet size corresponded to the morphological packet size. Locally, crystallographic packets with only two dominant orientations were observed. This indicates strong local variant selection during isothermal bainite transformation. The relative orientation between the variants in crystallographic packets was found to be near 60°/〈110〉. This appears to explain the strong peak observed in the grain boundary misorientation distribution near 60°. bainite also contained pronounced fraction of boundaries with their misorientation in the range of 2.5°-8° with quite widely dispersed rotation angles. Spatially these boundaries were found to locate inside the bainite laths, forming lath-like sub-grains.

关键词： bainite Austenite Nishiyama-Wassermann orientation relationship Electron backscatter diffraction OEBSD) Crystallography Packet

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Effects of Al addition on bainite transformation and properties of high-strength carbide-free bainitic steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第8期26卷 846-855页

作者： Jun-yu Tian Guang Xu Ming-xing Zhou Hai-jiang Hu Zheng-liang Xue The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 Hubei China

The effects of aluminum addition on bainite transformation and properties of carbide-free bainitic steels containing 0.22 wt.% carbon were investigated by two different types of heat treatment processes: continuous cooling process (CCP) and isothermal transformation process (ITP). The results indicate that for the CCP treatment, Al addition significantly promoted the ferrite and bainite transformation;however, it did not significantly increase the product of tensile strength and total elongation (PSE). For the ITP treatment, Al addition significantly promoted the kinetics of bainite transformation, and thus, more bainite was formed with Al addition;however, it was found that Al addition resulted in a decrease in tensile strength and an increase in elongation of the tested bainitic steels. Moreover, the effects of Al addition on comprehensive property were profoundly dependent on austempering temperatures. When the austempering temperature was higher (430℃), PSE significantly increased with Al addition, whereas it decreased at the lower austempering temperature (400℃). Therefore, it can be concluded that the effects of Al on properties of bainitic steels were more significant at higher austempering temperatures.

关键词： Aluminum bainite transformation Continuous cooling Isothermal transformation Mechanical property

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