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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第12期52卷 1148-1155页

作者： GUO SiBin, QIN FaLan, ZHANG DuanPin & LIN XingHua· National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China

Oryza minuta, a tetraploid wild relative of cultivated rice, is an important source for the genetic improvement. Interspecific hybrids were obtained from the cross of O. sativa L. (IR24) and O. minuta (Acc. No. 101133) with 5.58% crossability, which ranged from 0.11% to 1.62% in the backcross generations. The chromosome numbers of the backcross progenies were 24 to 48. Seven yield-related traits of the parents, hybrid F1, and backcross progenies were evaluated. Simple sequence repeat markers analysis showed that the polymorphism ratio of SSR bands between IR24 and Acc. No. 101133 was 93.2%. The average donor segment number, length, donor genome size, and percentage of donor genome of 92 BC3F1 plants (2n=24) were 24.1, 17.8 cM, 438.4 cM and 26.2%, respectively. They were complex variation and uneven among the chromosomes. These introgression lines could be used to identify the favorable genes of O. minuta and provide a new platform for the genetic improvement of cultivated rice.

关键词： Oryza sativa L. Oryza minuta interspecific hybridization backcross progeny introgression line

Combined Selection in backcross Population of Papaya(Carica papaya L.)by the Mixed Model Methodology

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第20期5卷 2973-2983页

作者： Helaine Christine Cancela Ramos Messias Gonzaga Pereira Alexandre Pio Viana Lucas Nunes da Luz Deisy Lucia Cardoso Geraldo Antonio Ferreguetti Laboratory of Plant Breeding Centre for Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyNorth Fluminense State University(UENF)Campos dos GoytacazesBrazil Caliman Agrícola S.A. LinharesBrazil

The selection of superior genotypes based on the simultaneous response to several characteristics of agronomic importance is a key strategy to overcome the scarcity of available varieties of papaya. This study aimed to apply the combined selection by using distinct selection indexes based on both the genetic values obtained by the REML/BLUP methodology and the real measured values to select agronomically superior genotypes of papaya within backcross progenies. The combined selection was carried out based on genetic and phenotypic values, original and standardized, multiplied by the agronomic weights. The results of the analysis of genetic parameters indicate that the evaluated progenies have expressive genetic variability for the considered traits, and that there are real possibilities of genetic progress with the selection. Among the analyzed indexes, the one based on standardized genetic value presented greater consistency in the ranking of genetic material, demonstrating the advantage of data standardization. Five progenies belonging to the BC1 generation, and five to the BC3 generation were selected using this index. A total of 27 plants ag-ronomically superior were selected within the top five progenies and recommended for generation advance, 23 being selected by combined selection and 4 using the direct selection for the four mainly characters in papaya breeding program: production, pulp and fruit firmness and soluble solids. Beyond the selection of superior genotypes for the development of future inbred lines, this study also allowed defining the best strategy to apply the combined selection in papaya using pre-dicted breeding values obtained by BLUP. This strategy may allow higher accuracy in the selection process, thus increasing the chances of success of the breeding programs.

关键词： Papaya Tree backcross Selection Index Mixed Model REML/BLUP

The genetic variation of the backcross modified lines developed from the maize line 08-641 selected by different directions

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第7期3卷 918-922页

作者： Lujiang Li Yaoyu Xiong Wensheng Chen Yongjian Liu Hai Lan Haijian Lin Kecheng Yang Shibin Gao Guangtang Pan College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement Ya’an China Xinjin Rural Development Burean Chengdu China

In this study, two donaors CN962 and 8065 were used to improve the resistance to northern leaf blight of the recurrent parent inbred line 08-641 (R08). A total of 79 lines (BC2F4) were developed by a bidirectional selection based on the similarity and dissimilarity in the shape and color of seeds to R08.The genetic variation of these lines were analyzed by 44 pairs of SSR molecular markers, the result showed that a total of 272 alleles were detected in the improved lines and R08, 123 out of them were detected in the modified lines but discarded in R08. The modified line selected based on dissimialry in the shape and corlor of seeds to R08 have lower genetic similary between R08 than that between the lines selected based on similary in the shape and color of seeds and R08, and the genetic variation of these lines were wider. It concluded that when the backcross breeding were used to improve the maize inbred lines, multidirectional selection based on phenotypic value were contribute to create and keep genetic variation.

关键词： backcross Breeding Select Direction Genetic Variation SSR

Current Status of Conventional and Molecular Interventions for Blast Resistance in Rice

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Rice science 2017年第6期24卷 299-321页

作者： Deepti SRIVASTAVA Md SHAMIM Mahesh KUMAR Anurag MISHRA Pramila PANDEY Deepak KUMAR Prashant YADAV Mohammed Harrish SIDDIQUI Kapildeo Narayan SINGH Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Integral University Lucknow 226021 India Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Dr. Kalam Agricultural College Bihar Agricultural University Sabour Bhagalpur Bihar 813210India Department of Agriculture Biotechnology Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology Modipuram Meerut 250110 India Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj Faizabad 224229 India Indian Council of Agricultural Research Directerate of Rapeseed mustard Research Bharatpur Rajasthan 321303 India

Pyricularia oryzae anamorph of Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most notorious fungal pathogens causing severe economic loss in rice production worldwide. Various methods, viz. cultural, biological and molecular approaches, are utilized to counteract this pathogen. Moreover, some tolerant or resistant rice varieties have been developed with the help of breeding programmes. Isolation and molecular characterization of different blast resistance genes now open the gate for new possibilities to elucidate the actual allelic variants of these genes via various molecular breeding and transgenic approaches. However, the behavioral pattern of this fungus breakups the resistance barriers in the resistant or tolerant rice varieties. This host-pathogen barrier will be possibly countered in future research by comparative genomics data from available genome sequence data of rice and M. oryzae for durable resistance. Present review emphasized fascinating recent updates, new molecular breeding approaches, transgenic and genomics approaches(i.e. mi RNA and genome editing) for the management of blast disease in rice. The updated information will be helpful for the durable, resistance breeding programme in rice against blast pathogen.

关键词： backcross breeding gene pyramiding allele mining transgenic technology rice blast resistance CRISPR/Cas9 molecular breeding bioinformatics approach

Breeding by selective introgression: Theory, practices, and lessons learned from rice

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The Crop Journal 2021年第3期9卷 646-657页

作者： Fan Zhang Yingyao Shi Jauhar Ali Jianlong Xu Zhikang Li Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Agronomy Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036AnhuiChina Rice Breeding Platform International Rice Research Institute(IRRI)Los BañosLaguna 4031Philippines Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Instituteat ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120GuangdongChina

Future demands for increased productivity and resilience to abiotic/biotic stresses of major crops require new technologies of breeding by design(BBD)built on massive information from functional and population genomics research.A novel strategy of breeding by selective introgression(BBSI)has been proposed and practiced for simultaneous improvement,genetic dissection and allele mining of complex traits to realize BBD.BBSI has three phases:a)developing large numbers of trait-specific introgression lines(ILs)using backcross breeding in elite genetic backgrounds as the material platform of BBD;b)efficiently identifying genes or quantitative trait loci(QTL)and mining desirable alleles affecting different target traits from diverse donors as the information platform of BBD;and c)developing superior cultivars by BBD using designed QTL pyramiding or marker-assisted recurrent selection.Phase(a)has been implemented massively in rice by many Chinese research institutions and IRRI,resulting in the development of many new green super rice cultivars plus large numbers of ILs in 30+elite genetic backgrounds.Phase(b)has been demonstrated in a series of proof-of-concept studies of high-efficiency genetic dissection of rice yield and tolerance to abiotic stresses using ILs and DNA markers.Phase(c)has also been implemented by designed QTL pyramiding,resulting in a prototype of BBD in several successful cases.The BBSI strategy can be easily extended for simultaneous trait improvement,efficient gene and QTL discovery and allele mining of complex traits using advanced breeding lines from crosses between a common"backbone"parent and a set of elite parents in conventional pedigree breeding programs.BBSI can be relatively easily adopted by breeding programs with small budgets,but the BBSI-based BBD strategy can be fully and more efficiently implemented by large seed companies with sufficient capacity.

关键词： backcross Trait-specific introgression line Breeding by selective introgression Designed QTL pyramiding

Selection efficiencies for improving drought/salt tolerances and yield using introgression breeding in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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The Crop Journal 2013年第2期1卷 134-142页

作者： Ying Wang Lubiao Zhang Afif Nafisah Linghua Zhu Jianlong Xu Zhikang Li Institute of Crop Science The National Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The backcross(BC) breeding strategy has been increasingly used for developing high yielding varieties with improved abiotic stress tolerances in rice. In this study, 189Huang-Hua-Zhan(HHZ) introgression lines(ILs) developed from three different selection schemes were evaluated for yield related traits under drought stress and non-stress conditions in the target and off-season winter nursery environments to assess the selection efficiency of BC breeding for improving different complex traits, and led us to five important results. The first result indicated that the primary target traits should be selected first in the target environments(TEs) in order to achieve the maximum genetic gain. Secondly, BC breeding for drought tolerance(DT) in rice was almost equally effective by strong phenotypic selection in the main target environments and in the winter-season of Hainan.Thirdly, exploiting genetic diversity in the subspecific gene pools is of great importance for future genetic improvement of complex traits in rice. Fourthly, considerable genetic gain can be effectively achieved by selection for secondary target traits among the ILs with the primary traits. Finally, the developed ILs provide useful materials for future genetic/genomic dissection and molecular breeding of complex traits.

关键词： backcross breeding High yield Drought tolerance Salt tolerance Selection efficiency

Development and Performance of the Cytoplasmic-nuclear Male Sterile Line NJCMS1A of Soybean

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2000年第1期 41-47页

作者： Ding Derong Soybean Research Institute Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNational Center of Soybean Improvement Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing 210095

The F1 of N8855×N2899, a cross between two G. max cultivars, was found to be male-sterile. After it was back-crossed with the recurrent parent N2899 for four successive generations, a cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile line and its maintainer line, designated as NJCMS1A and NJCMS1B, respectively, were obtained. NJCMS1A performed stable in male sterility and normal in female fertility with 98. 29% plants are male-sterile and 0 pollen germination. The abnormal phenomenon of 2～3 styles surrounded by 20～30 stamens was found in some flowers of male sterile plants of BC1F1 and BC2F1.

关键词： Soybean Cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile line Hybridization backcross

Breeding of a Natural Green Cocoon Quaternary Hybrid Combination Xiangcailu No.1 for Spring Rearing

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2019年第4期8卷 14-18,25页

作者： Hong XUE Junwen AI Yanghu SIMA Xingjian HE Changwen LIU Ying ZHENG Yong LIU Yun TANG Sericultural Research Institute of Hunan Province Changsha 410127China Soochow University Suzhou 215123China

The breeding activities aimed to create a natural green cocoon variety for spring rearing with the characteristics of stable natural cocoon color,easy rearing and good silk quality.Four different lines from the excellent silkworm variety Jingsong×Haoyue were taken as recurrent parents,using the natural green cocoon variety G 9202 as donor parent.After other excellent parents were introduced to cross with these different lines,four new breeding materials were selected by recurrent backcross breeding.The characters of these breeding materials showed not only natural green cocoon but also excellent comprehensive traits.A naturally colored cocoon quaternary hybrid with excellent practical characters was selected based on multiple hybrids.It is suitable for spring rearing in Yangtze valley which includes Hunan Province.It was approved by Hunan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee and designated Xiangcailu No.1 in 2016.

关键词： Silkworm Xiangcailu No.1 Recurrent backcross breeding Natural green cocoon Spring rearing Easy rearing Excellent silk quality

Identification of Parental and Recombinant Chromosomes in Derivatives of a Bigeneric Hybrid between Gasteria lutzii and Aloe aristata by Genomic in situ Hybridization

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Identification of Parental and Recombinant Chromosomes in De...