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Gene duplication drove the loss of awn in sorghum.

Molecular Plant 2021年第11期14卷 1831-1845页

作者： Leina Zhou Can Zhu Xiaojian Fang Hangqin Liu Shuyang Zhong Yan Li Jiacheng Liu Yang Song Xing Jian Zhongwei Lin National Maize Improvement Center Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular BreedingJoint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular BreedingMinistry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementLaboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Loss of the awn in some cereals including sorghum is a key transition during cereal domestication or improvement that has facilitated grain harvest and *** genetic basis for the loss of awn in sorghum during domestication or improvement remains ***,we identified a transcription factor gene awn1 encoding an ALOG domain,which is responsible for awn loss during sorghum domestication or ***1 arose from a gene duplication from chromosome 10 that translocated to chromosome 3,recruiting a new promoter from the neighbouring intergenic region filled with"noncoding DNA",and recreating the first exon and *** awn1 acquires high expr`ession after duplication and represses the elongation of awns in domesticated *** mapping revealed a high collinearity at awn1 paralog locus on chromosome 10 across cereals and awn growth and development was successfully reactivated on the rice spikelet by inactivating rice awn1 *** RNA-seq and DAP-seq revealed that as a transcription repressor,awn1 directly bound to the motif in the regulatory regions from three MADS genes related to flower development and two genes DL and LKS2 for the development of awn,downregulated the expressions of these genes,and then repressed the elongation of *** preexistence of regulatory elements in the neighbouring intergenic region of awn1 before domestication signified that noncoding DNA may serve as a treasure trove for evolution during adaptation to a changing *** results supported that gene duplication can promptly drive the evolution of gene regulatory network.

关键词： DAP-seq awn gene duplication sorghum domestication and improvement

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Copy number variation of B1 controls awn length in wheat

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The Crop Journal 2023年第3期11卷 817-824页

作者： Jinlong Li Xin Xin Fangyao Sun Zhenzhen Zhu Xiangru Xu Jiatian Yang Xiaoming Xie Jiazheng Yu Xiaobo Wang Sen Li Shilin Tian Baoyun Li Chaojie Xie Jun Ma College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018ShandongChina Novogene Bioinformatics Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 100015China

Wheat awns contribute to photosynthesis and grain *** this study,an F2population and F2:3families from a cross between the awned line 7D12 and the Chinese awnless variety Shiyou 20(SY20)were used to identify loci associated with awn ***-segregant RNA sequencing and linkage mapping identified a single dominant locus in a 0.3 cM interval on chromosome *** genes were in the interval,including the recently cloned awn inhibitor *** a single copy of the B1 gene was detected in 7D12,SY20 carried five copies of the *** copy number of B1 in SY20enhanced gene *** on sequence variation among the promoter regions of five B1 gene copies in SY20,two dominant markers were developed and found to cosegregate with B1 in a population of 931 wheat *** 77 awnless accessions harbored sequence variations in the B1 promoter regions similar to those of SY20 and thus carried multiple copies of the gene,whereas 15 randomly selected awned wheats carried only one *** results suggest that an increase in copy number of the B1 gene is associated with inhibition of awn length.

关键词： Wheat awn awnless,B1 gene Copy number variation

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An-2 Encodes a Cytokinin Synthesis Enzyme that Regulates awn Length and Grain Production in Rice

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Molecular Plant 2015年第11期8卷 1635-1650页

作者： Benguo Gu Taoying Zhou Jianghong Luo Hui Liu Yongchun Wang Yingying Shangguan Jingjie Zhu Yan Li Tao Sang Zixuan Wang Bin Han National Center for Gene Research Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200233 China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093 China

A wide range of morphological and physiological traits have changed between cultivated rice Oryza sativa and wild rice Oryza rufipogon under domestication. Here, we report cloning of the An-2 gene, encoding the Lonely Guy Like protein 6 （OsLOGL6）, which catalyzes the final step of cytokinin synthesis in O. rufipogon. The near-isogenic line harboring a wild allele of An-2 in the genetic background of the awnless indica Guangluai 4 shows that An-2 promotes awn elongation by enhancing cell division, but decreases grain production by reducing grains per panicle and tillers per plant. We reveal that a genetic variation in the An-2 locus has a large impact on reducing awn length and increasing tiller and grain numbers in domesticated rice. Analysis of gene expression patterns suggests that An-1 reg- ulates the formation of awn primordial, and An-2 promotes awn elongation. Nucleotide diversity of the An-2 locus in cultivated rice was found to be significantly reduced compared with that of wild rice, suggesting that the An-2 locus was subjected to artificial selection. We therefore propose that the selection of genetic variation in An-2 was due to reduced awn length and increased grain yield in cultivated rice.

关键词： Oryza sativa awn domestication cytokinin synthesis enzyme grain yield

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Genetic Basis of the Wheat awn:Genome Wide Association Analysis,Fine Mapping and Characterization of Genes Controlling awn Length in CommonWheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

Genetic Basis of the Wheat Awn:Genome Wide Association Analy...

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第十届全国小麦基因组学及分子育种大会

作者： Dongzhi Wang Kang Yu Di Jin Linhe Sun Jinfang Chu Wenying Wu Peiyong Xin Xin Li Jiazhu Sun Wenlong Yang Kehui Zhan Aimin Zhang Dongcheng Liu State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Biology and Agriculture Research Center University of Science and Technology Beijing

awn plays a vital role in the photosynthesis,grain production and drought tolerance of common ***,the genetic basis of the wheat awn is not clear and genes involving in the awn development of wheat have not been systematic identified or ***,we conducted the Genome Wide Association Study(GWAS) on awn length(AL) in 364 winter wheat accessions and identified 26 loci including dominant awn suppressors B1,B2,Hd and homologs of awn controlling genes An-1,OsETT2,SHL2 in rice and Lks2 in barley The B1 locus was mapped to a 125-kb physical interval harboring two genes on chromosome 5 *** the candidate gene for B1 locus,a C2 H2 zinc finger gene awn Length Inhibitor 1(ALI-1) expressed predominantly in the developing spikes of awnless individuals and suppresses downstream genes ***-1 reduces cytokinin content and simultaneously restrains cytokinin signal transduction,which leads to a stagnation of cell proliferation and reduction of cell number in ***,ali-1 was the first awn controlling locus observed increasing grain length in wheat,which is a valuable supplemental attribution of awn on grain weight besides ***,ALI-1 pleiotropically regulates awn and grain development,regulating the expression of ALI-1 and/or its downstream target genes would theoretically increase the AL and accordingly broaden the photosynthesis source and kernel sink simultaneously,which would provide an alternative strategy to improve wheat yield potential.

关键词： awn Grain length GWAS Triticum aestivum L.

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水稻长芒基因LA1(Long awn 1)的遗传分析与基因定位

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分子植物育种 2020年第9期18卷 2930-2934页

作者：谢旭阳李允振徐一博袁睿智卢安泰刘芳邱永福李容柏覃宝祥广西大学农学院亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室南宁530004

为研究水稻芒的遗传调控机制,本研究在‘日本晴’/‘93-11’染色体片段代换系群体中筛选出一个长芒材料‘CSSL14’,研究了其主要农艺性状和长芒的遗传方式,并对长芒基因LA1进行了基因定位。结果表明‘CSSL14’的芒长、芒着生率、分蘖数... 详细信息

为研究水稻芒的遗传调控机制,本研究在‘日本晴’/‘93-11’染色体片段代换系群体中筛选出一个长芒材料‘CSSL14’,研究了其主要农艺性状和长芒的遗传方式,并对长芒基因LA1进行了基因定位。结果表明‘CSSL14’的芒长、芒着生率、分蘖数和单株产量与‘93-11’存在极显著(p<0.01)或显著(p<0.05)差异,分别为‘93-11’的2.98倍、2.82倍、0.68倍和0.76倍。遗传分析表明‘CSSL14’的长芒表型受一对半显性基因LA1控制。通过图位克隆的方法,将LA1定位在第4染色体长臂标记M3和M4之间12.14 kb的范围内,该定位区间内只有1个预测的候选基因Os04g0518800,与已知的野生稻长芒基因An-2/LABA1等位。本研究结果为进一步研究LA1的功能提供了参考。

关键词：水稻(Oryza sativa L.) 芒 LA1(Long awn 1) 遗传分析基因定位

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awn诱导水稻雄性不育效果的初步研究

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浙江农业科学 1981年第3期 135-139页

作者：王熹阙瑞芬徐马福浙江农科院水稻所激素组

化学诱导水稻雄性不育,配制杂种,是水稻杂交优势利用的较为简易的方法.但是,当前我国所用的诱导水稻雄性不育的化学药物——化杀1号、2号均有毒,易造成环境污染,同时,还有杀雄难净,杂种纯度不高;易产生包茎,产量较低;以及诱杀有效期较窄... 详细信息

化学诱导水稻雄性不育,配制杂种,是水稻杂交优势利用的较为简易的方法.但是,当前我国所用的诱导水稻雄性不育的化学药物——化杀1号、2号均有毒,易造成环境污染,同时,还有杀雄难净,杂种纯度不高;易产生包茎,产量较低;以及诱杀有效期较窄,使用不便等缺点,因而,有不少单位都在从事合成诱导水稻雄性不育的高效、低毒(无毒)、使用方便的新药,以及进行药效等试验研究.自1978年以来,我们对征集到的170余种杀菌剂、杀虫剂、除草剂、生长调节剂、激素以及其他化学药物,进行了药效筛选试验.前两年曾选取CEPA(2-氯乙基磷酸)、MH(顺丁烯二酸联胺)诱导水稻雄性不育,但因CEPA诱杀

关键词：水稻雄性不育花药 awn 花粉发育稻株

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Assessment of SNP and InDel Variations Among Rice Lines of Tulaipanji x Ranjit

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Rice science 2017年第6期24卷 336-348页

作者： Subhas Chandra ROY Vijaya Bhasker REDDY LACHAGARI Plant Genetics & Molecular Breeding Laboratory Department of Botany University of North Bengal Siliguri 734013 India AgriGenome Labs Private Limited Hyderabad 500078 India

Genotyping by sequencing(GBS) is the recent approach of next-generation sequencing technique for discovering and genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in crop species. Genotypic variation studies(SNPs and insertion-deletions/In Dels) were performed using four rice lines based on GBS data by aligning to the reference genome Nipponbare. Local aromatic rice landrace Tulaipanji was crossed with Ranjit, and two distinct lines were identified from the progenies: one line with awns and aroma traits and the other without awns and aroma. Total number of SNPs and In Dels identified were 52 810 and 4 327 at read depth 10, respectively. Out of the total polymorphic SNPs/In Dels, 16 490 were intergeneric, 7 812 were inside gene, and 4 435 were intronic. Phylogenetically, Tulaipanji was closer to the reference genome nipponbare. Based on recurrent parent genome analysis, out of 10 013 alleles, 92.52% was introgressed into progeny-awn from Tulaipanji and 7.48% from Ranjit, whereas progeny-awnless carried 89.19% alleles from Ranjit and only 10.81% alleles from Tulaipanji. In addition, progeny-awn was the highest heterozygous(83.88%) and progeny-awnless was the least(2.24%) at this fifth generation of recombinant inbred lines. These SNP variations may be linked to the phenotypic traits and can be utilized in crop improvement through linkage mapping. These results suggest that adding a high density of SNP markers to a mapping or breeding population through GBS has a great value for numerous applications in rice breeding and genetics research.

关键词： rice genotyping by sequencing insertion-deletion genomic introgression single nucleotide polymorphism awn aroma heterozygous

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无线传感器网络协议安全分析

无线传感器网络协议安全分析

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作者：郭奇天津大学

学位级别：硕士

无线传感器网络作为物联网的重要组成与技术支撑,其安全问题受到人们越来越广泛的关注。无线传感器网络不同于有线网络,因其协议多样性与网络动态性,网络安全性受到极大威胁。现有的无线传感器网络安全检测系统没有对协议形式化分析,也... 详细信息

无线传感器网络作为物联网的重要组成与技术支撑,其安全问题受到人们越来越广泛的关注。无线传感器网络不同于有线网络,因其协议多样性与网络动态性,网络安全性受到极大威胁。现有的无线传感器网络安全检测系统没有对协议形式化分析,也没有对攻击类型做深入研究。这致使其检测到的攻击类型不够全面,检测效果可靠性差。现有的安全检测方法受到特定协议的局限性,每个方法只能针对一个协议,难以移植应用到其它协议。针对现有安全检测系统局限性,本文实现了一个多协议通用的无线传感器网络安全检测系统,该系统可以检测到所有攻击者类型。首先,扩展awn语言,使其不仅可以描述进程间并发,还可以描述进程运行时的变量状态。基于扩展的awn语言描述网络协议,可以实现对攻击者的形式化分析与验证。其次,针对现有方法检测攻击者类型不全面的问题,本文引入了攻击点模型,并从理论上证明加入攻击点模型的检测方法可以覆盖所有已知攻击者类型。然后,使用程序切片技术,实现自动化分析协议攻击者类型,再根据攻击时的数据依赖,生成每个攻击者类型的检测方法。最后,在TinyOS系统下,给出了AODV协议的模拟攻击检测实验,实验结果表明本方法的有效性。本系统的实现,不仅可以对任何协议做安全分析,还能保障协议中攻击者类型检测的全面性,对无线传感器网络协议安全分析具有重要意义。

关键词：无线传感器网络安全检测形式化建模 awn AODV

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