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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 396-411页

作者： Shengyang Xu Chong Jiao Qiyu Diao Yan Tu Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China

Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and *** study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fermentation indicators,serum indicators,and growth performance of Holstein heifer calves with different *** calves were chosen from a trail with 60 calves and divided into higher ADG(HADG,high pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)and lower ADG(LADG,low pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)groups to investigate differences in bacterial composition and functions and host *** During the preweaning period,the relative abundances of propionate producers,including g_norank_f_Butyricicoccaceae,g_Pyramidobacter,and g_norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadin BB60_group,were higher in HADG calves(LDA>2,P<0.05).Enrichment of these bacteria resulted in increased levels of propionate,a gluconeogenic precursor,in preweaning HADG calves(adjusted P<0.05),which consequently raised serum glucose concentrations(adjusted P<0.05).In contrast,the relative abundances of rumen bacteria in post-weaning HADG calves did not exert this ***,no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters and serum indices between the two *** The findings of this study revealed that the preweaning period is the window of opportunity for rumen bacteria to regulate the ADG of calves.

关键词： average daily gain Calves Preweaning period Rumen microbiota

A comparison of average daily gain,apparent digestibilities,energy balance,rumen fermentation parameters,and serum metabolites between yaks(Bos grunniens)and Qaidam cattle(Bos taurus)consuming diets differing in energy level

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 77-86页

作者： Hu Liu Jianwei Zhou Allan Degen Hongshan Liu Xuliang Cao Lizhuang Hao Zhanhuan Shang Tao Ran Ruijun Long State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Engineering Research Center of Grassland IndustryMinistry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry Wyler Department of Dryland AgricultureBlaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of NegevBeer Sheva8410500Israel Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and AgricultureQinghai UniversityXining810016China

Yaks(Bos grunniens),indigenous to the harsh Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,are well adapted to the severe conditions,and graze natural pasture without supplements all year *** cattle(Bos taurus),introduced to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 1,700 years ago,are raised at a lower altitude than yaks,provided with shelter at night and offered supplements in *** on their different backgrounds,we hypothesized that yaks have lower energy requirements for maintenance than *** test this hypothesis,we measured average daily gain(ADG),apparent digestibilities,energy balance,rumen fermentation parameters,and serum metabolites in growing yaks and cattle offered diets differing in metabolizable energy(ME)levels(6.62,8.02,9.42 and 10.80 MJ/kg),but with the same crude protein *** castrated yaks(155±5.8 kg)and 6 castrated Qaidam cattle(154±8.0 kg),all 2.5 years old,were used in 2 concurrent 4×4 Latin square *** and acid detergent fiber digestibilities were greater(P<0.05)in yaks than in cattle,and decreased linearly(P<0.05)with increasing dietary energy level;whereas,digestibilities of dry matter,organic matter,crude protein and ether extract increased(P<0.05)linearly with increasing energy *** ADG was greater(P<0.001)in yaks than in cattle,and increased(P<0.05)linearly with increasing energy *** the regressions of ADG on ME intake,the estimated ME requirement for maintenance was lower(P<0.05)in yaks than in cattle(0.43 vs.0.57 MJ/kg BW0.75).The ratios of digestible energy(DE):gross energy and ME:DE were higher(P<0.05)in yaks than in cattle,and increased(P<0.05)linearly with increasing dietary energy *** pH decreased(P<0.05),whereas concentrations of total volatile fatty acids(VFAs)and ammonia increased(P<0.01)with increasing dietary energy level,and all were greater(P<0.05)in yaks than in *** of ruminal acetate and iso-VFAs were greater(P<0.05),whereas propionate was lower(P<0.05)in yaks than in cattle

关键词： Yaks Dietary energy level average daily gain Apparent digestibility Rumen fermentation Serum metabolite

Optimizing the utilization of maize silage in forage blends-based rations to improve production performance and reduce methane emissions from fattening calves

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 75-81页

作者： Khalid Farooq Asad Sultan Assar Ali Shah Rifat Ullah Khan Rajwali Khan Ghazala Yasmeen Nazir Ahmad Khan Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25130Pakistan Pakistan Scientific and Technological Information Center(PASTIC) Islamabad 44000Pakistan

This research investigated the effect of various mixtures of maize silage and ryegrass fodder on nutrient digestibility,production performance,and methane(CH4)emission of fattening ***-four fattening calves((228±10)kg body weight(BW),(280±5)d of age)were allocated to 8 diets for 84 d,according to a randomized complete block design,and the blocks were balanced for BW,age,and *** diets consisted of 4 levels of maize silages,i.e.,40%(MS40),50%(MS50),60%(MS60),and 70%(MS70)in the maize silage and ryegrass fodder mixture on a dry matter(DM)basis,and each of the mixture was supplemented with either low(LC,1.0%BW)or high(HC,1.5%BW)levels of fattening *** results revealed greater(paverage daily gain(ADG,571 g/d)was recorded for diet *** lowest value(p<0.05)of CH4 emission was recorded in MS70-LC,MS70-HC,and MS60-HC as compared to other *** 70%maize silage in the ryegrass-maize silage based diet improved ADG by 174 g/d with LC *** is concluded that the optimum inclusion level of maize silage and ryegrass in the fattening ration can improve animal production performance and reduces CH4 production and concentrate requirements of fattening calves.

关键词： average daily gain farm-grown forages forage mixture fattening calves maize silage ryegrass fodder

Effects of back fat,growth rate,and age at first mating on Yorkshire and Landrace sow longevity in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第12期15卷 2809-2818页

作者： HU Bin MO De-lin WANG Xiao-ying LIU Xiao-hong CHEN Yao-sheng State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life SciencesSun Yat-Sen University

In the present study, genetic parameters for longevity and genetic correlations with back fat （BF）, average daily gain （ADG）, and first mating age （FMA） were estimated from 19 300 Yorkshire and 18 378 Landrace sows from 12 farms derived from one breeding system. General linear models （GLM） were employed to estimate genetic correlations with heritability （h2）. Longevity was defined by six different parameters （i.e., traits） and heritability ranged from h2=0.13 to 0.16 （P〈0.05） in both swine breeds. Genetic correlations between different longevity definitions were positive and high （r=0.79 to 0.99; P〈0.05）. BF exhibited low positive genetic correlations （r=0.12 to 0.15; P〈0.05） with longevity traits identified in both pig breeds which were dependent on trait definition, whereas ADG and FMA showed weak negative genetic correlations with longevity traits. The influence of BF, ADG, and FMA on longevity traits was examined by dividing the production and reproductive traits into several numerical groups; the influence of each longevity trait was subsequently analyzed among the different groups. The results indicated BF was the best trait to improve longevity among BF, ADG, and FMA, which showed positive effects for almost all longevity traits. For Yorkshire sows, gilts with over 18 mm BF were most desirable; Landrace with 10.6-13 mm BF were suitable for longevity. ADG was not favorable for gilt selection, because the correlation between growth rate and longevity very low. For FMA, our results indicated gilts mating before 230 days exhibited a longer life span. Therefore, we suggest farmers should select for thicker back fat and mate at an earlier age to improve sow longevity.

关键词： sow longevity back fat average daily gain first mating age

Growth performance of nursery and grower-finisher pigs fed diets supplemented with benzoic acid

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第3期3卷 232-235页

作者： Hengxiao Zhai Wen Ren Shikui Wang Jinlong Wu Patrick Guggenbuhl Anna-Maria Kluenter DSM (China) Animal Nutrition Research Center Co.Ltd. DSM Nutritional Products France Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Animale DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of benzoic acid on the growth performance of nursery and grower-finisher pigs. A randomized complete block design was used in both experiments with the initial body weight as the blocking factor. There were 3 treatments corresponding to 3 dietary levels of benzoic acid: 0, 0.3%, and 0.5%. In experiment 1, a total of 144 PIC L1050 barrows(initial body weight 7.1 ± 0.6 kg) were used with each treatment replicated 8 times. In experiment 2, a total of 288 PIC L1050 barrows(initial body weight 36.1 ± 3.6 kg) were used with each treatment replicated 16 *** were 6 barrows in each replicate pen for both experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 lasted 28 and 70 days, respectively. In experiment 1, average daily gain(ADG) of all growth phases increased linearly(P average body weight on d 28(P average daily feed intake(ADFI) of d 14 to 28 and d 0 to 28(linear effect:P average body weight on d 35 improved linearly(P average daily gain of d 0 to70 and average body weight on d 70 increased significantly in a both linear and quadratic manner. There was a linear improvement in FCR in all growth phases(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of benzoic acid at the supplementation levels of 0.3% and 0.5% significantly improved the growth performance of nursery and grower-finisher pigs in the current study; the nursery pigs responded to the dietary supplementation of benzoic acid up to 0.5% linearly while the grower-finisher pigs achieved the optimal ADG at the calculated supplementation level of 0.36%.

关键词： Benzoic acid Nursery pig Grower-finisher pig average daily gain average daily feed intake Feed conversion ratio

The effects of Lippia javanica dietary inclusion on growth performance,carcass characteristics and fatty acid profiles of broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第3期2卷 160-167页

作者： David A.Mpofu Upenyu Marume Victor Mlambo Arno Hugo Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Science and TechnologyNorth-West University Food Security and Safety Niche Area Faculty of Agriculture Science and TechnologyNorth-West University Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food BiotechnologyUniversity of Free State

This study was conducted to determine the effect of inclusion of fever tea(Lippia javanica) leaf meal in broiler diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid(FA) profiles over a 42-day feeding period. One hundred and eighty, one-day-old, broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the following four treatments: 1) negative control(commercial broiler diet only [Negcontrol]); 2) positive control(commercial broiler diet + prophylactic antibiotics [Poscontrol]); 3) commercial broiler diet without prophylactic antibiotics + 5 g of L. javanica per kg of feed(Ljav5) and 4) commercial broiler diet without prophylactic antibiotics + 12 g of L. javanica per kg of feed(Ljav12). Body weights(BW) and feed intake(FI) were recorded weekly and used to calculate feed conversion ratio(FCR) and average daily weight gain(ADG). At the end of the trial(day 42),all chickens were slaughtered at a local commercial abattoir for assessment of carcass characteristics and FA profiles of meat. The broilers fed L. javanica had significantly(P < 0.05) lower FI compared with the other two groups. However,the broilers in the Poscontrol and Ljav5 treatment groups had higher(P < 0.05) ADG, lower FCR and higher slaughter weights. L. javanica inclusion had no effect on the breast weight, thigh weight, carcass weight, and dressing percentage of the broilers. Most of the n-3 FA were not affected by diets except for the docosapentaenoic, which was found to be higher(P < 0.05) in the Ljav12 treatment group and the lowest in the Negcontrol. The broilers in the Negcontrol and Poscontrol groups had higher(P < 0.05) total saturated fatty acids(SFA). On the contrary, the L. javanica fed broilers had higher(P < 0.05) total polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), total n-3 FA and PUFA:SFA ratio and also had significantly lower n-6:n-3 ratios compared with the other two treatment groups. No differences were observed with regards to total monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) and total n-6 FA. Overall, t

关键词： Fever tea Feed conversion ratio average daily gain Carcass weight Fatty acids

The Effect of Quantitative Feed Restriction Duration on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第4期11卷 635-645页

作者： Ziphozihle Gobane Sindisile Goni Denice Chikwanda Leocadia Zhou Department of Livestock and Pasture Science University of Fort Hare Alice South Africa Döhne Agricultural Development Institute Stutterheim South Africa Risk and Vulnerability Science Centre Faculty of Science & Agriculture University of Fort Hare Alice South Africa

The growth productivity of broilers is influenced by improving growth performance through improving body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion rate. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of quantitative feed restriction duration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. A total of 144 day-old broiler chicks were reared in a deep litter system until slaughter at 42 days. Chicks were randomly allocated to three treatments which were replicated three times with 16 birds per replicate. The three treatments were the control (T1), one week of feed restriction (T2), and two weeks of feed restriction (T3). Birds were fed with starter, grower and finisher diets. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were computed for each week. Carcass weight and internal organs weights were measured. The body weight gained by the birds in T1 was similar to the birds that were restricted for a week. The treatments had a significant effect on the average daily gain in weeks 4, 5, and 6. The ADG for T2 was higher (P ad

关键词： average daily gain Body Weight gain Broilers Feed Conversion Ratio Feed Restriction Duration

Effect of Crossbreeding on Beef Production of Jersey Herd Using Fleckvieh Sires Maintained on a Pasture-Based Feeding System

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2016年第3期6卷 163-168页

作者： Sindisile Goni Carel Johan Christiaan Muller Bekezela Dube Kennedy Dzama Döhne Agricultural Development Institute Stutterheim South Africa Department of Animal Sciences University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch South Africa Western Cape Department of Agriculture Research and Technology Development Services Directorate: Animal Sciences Elsenburg South Africa Agricultural Research Council Irene South Africa

Jersey bull calves and steers produce high quality meat;however, the growth rate of Jersey bull calves for veal and beef are low in comparison to other dairy breeds. This could be improved by crossbreeding with beef breeds. In the current study, the veal and beef production of Jersey and Fleckvieh × Jersey (F × J) bull calves and steers were compared. Bull calves were reared intensively for veal up to a carcass weight not exceeding 100 kg, or as steers for beef to 21 months of age. In both veal and steer production systems, the mean birth weight of F × J bull calves was higher (P average daily gain (ADG) of 0.82 ± 0.02 kg/day for F × J compared to 0.73 ± 0.02 kg/day for Jersey bull calves. Marketing age in the veal production system differed (P average daily gain in F × J vs. Jersey steers, i.e. 0.64 ± 0.02 and 0.46 ± 0.0 kg/day, respectively. Fleckvieh × Jersey steers had a higher (P < 0.01) carcass weight at 21 months of age being 206.5 ± 8.9 kg vs. 157.9 ± 8.6 kg respectively. These results indicated the potential of improving beef production characteristics of the Jersey cattle through crossbreeding.

关键词： average daily gain Birth Weight Body Weight Carcass Weight Slaughter Age