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autoantibodies in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B:Prevalence and clinical associations

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第1期21卷 283-291页

作者： Bo-An Li Jia Liu Jun Hou Jie Tang Jian Zhang Jun Xu Yong-Ji Song Ai-Xia Liu Jing Zhao Jing-Xia Guo Lin Chen Han Wang Li-Hua Yang Jie Lu Yuan-Li Mao Center of ClinicalLaboratory Medicine 302 Military Hospital of China EUROIMMUN Medical Diagnostics(China) Co. Ltd.

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies and their associations with clinical features in Chinesepatients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS: A total of 325 Chinese patients with CHB were enrolled in this retrospective,hospitalbased study.Patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC),autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),or primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) were included,with healthy donors acting as controls.A panel of autoantibodies that serologically define AIH and PBC was tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay and line immunoassay.The AIH-related autoantibody profile included homogeneous anti-nuclear antibodies(ANA-H),smooth-muscle antibodies,anti-liver kidney microsome type 1,antiliver cytosolic antigen type 1,and anti-soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas; the PBC-related antibodies were characterized by ANA-nuclear dots/membranous rimlike,anti-mitochondrial antibodies-M2(AMA-M2),antiBPO(recombinant antigen targeted by AMA-M2),antiSp100,anti-promyelocytic leukemia protein(anti-PML),and anti-gp210.The dichotomization of clustering was used to unequivocally designate the AIH or PBC profiles for each case.Anti-Ro52 antibodies were also tested.RESULTS: The prevalence of any autoantibody in CHB amounted to 58.2%,which was similar to the 66.2% prevalence in CHC,significantly higher than the 6.7% in the healthy controls(P < 0.001),and lower than the 100% found in AIH and PBC(P = 0.004 and P < 0.001,respectively).There were more anti-PML and anti-gp210 antibodies among the CHB patients than the CHC patients(11.1% vs 0%,P = 0.003; 12.6% vs 0%,P < 0.001,respectively).The prevalence and titer of AMA,anti-BPO,anti-PML,and anti-gp210 were higher in PBC than in those with CHB.Among the CHB patients,the prevalence of ANA,especially ANA-H,was significantly lower in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis compared with patients without cirrhosis.Thirty-eight cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in CHB showed a significant differencecompared with non-HCC patients in the prevalence of anti-PML(0% vs 12.5%,P = 0.0

关键词： autoantibodies Chronic hepatitis B Autoimmune hepa

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autoantibodies related to ataxia and other central nervous system manifestations of gluten enteropathy

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第12期12卷 2031-2039页

作者： Tsvetelina Velikova Georgi Vasilev Russka Shumnalieva Lyubomir Chervenkov Dimitrina Georgieva Miteva Milena Gulinac Stamatios Priftis Snezhina Lazova Medical Faculty Sofia University"St.Kliment Ohridski"Sofia 1407Bulgaria Clinic of Neurology and Department of Emergency Medicine UMHAT"Sv.Georgi"Plovdiv 4000Bulgaria Department of Rheumatology Clinic of RheumatologyUniversity Hospital"St.Ivan Rilski"Medical University-SofiaSofia 1612Bulgaria Department of Diagnostic Imaging Medical University PlovdivPlovdiv 4000Bulgaria Department of Genetics Faculty of BiologySofia University"St.Kliment Ohridski"Sofia 1164Bulgaria Department of General and Clinical Pathology Medical University of PlovdivPlovdiv 4002Bulgaria Department of Healthcare Faculty of Public Health“Prof.Tsekomir VodenicharovMDDSc”Medical University of SofiaSofia 1407Bulgaria Department of Pediatric University Hospital"N.I.Pirogov"Sofia 1606Bulgaria

Gluten ataxia and other central nervous system disorders could be linked to gluten enteropathy and related autoantibodies.In this narrative review,we focus on the various neuro-logical manifestations in patients with gluten sensitivity/celiac disease,immunological and autoimmune mechanisms of ataxia in connection to gluten sensitivity and the autoantibodies that could be used as a biomarker for diagnosing and following.We focused on the anti-gliadin antibodies,antibodies to different isoforms of tissue transglutaminase(TG)(anti-TG2,3,and 6 antibodies),anti-glycine receptor antibodies,anti-glutamine acid decarboxylase antibodies,anti-deamidated gliadin peptides antibodies,etc.Most studies found a higher prevalence of these antibodies in patients with gluten sensitivity and neurological dysfunction,presented as different neurological disorders.We also discuss the role of a gluten-free diet on the clinical improvement of patients and also on imaging of these disorders.

关键词： Gluten ataxia Celiac disease Gluten enteropathy autoantibodies Anti-gliadin antibodies Anti-bodies to tissue transglutaminase Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies Anti-transglutaminase 6 antibodies Anti-glycine receptor antibodies Anti-glutamine acid decarboxylase antibodies

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Clinical value of detecting autoantibodies against β1-, β2-, and α1-adrenergic receptors in carvedilol treatment of patients with heart failure

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第6期17卷 305-312页

作者： Dong-Yan HOU Lin XU Zhi-Yong ZHANG Xiao-Rong XU Xin WANG Juan ZHANG Jia-Mei LIU Hua WANG Jin CHEN Lin ZHANG Heart Center Beijing Key Laboratory of HypertensionBeijing Chao-Yang HospitalBeijingChina

Objective To determine the possible association of anti-β1-adrenergic receptors(anti-β1-AR), anti-β2-AR and anti-α1-AR with carvedilol treatment in patients with heart failure(HF). Methods A total of 267 HF patients were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All of the patients received carvedilol for their HF. Each patient was followed up for six months and their cardiac function was measured. Results The final analysis encompassed 137 patients comprising 65 patients with three autoantibodies(positive group) and 72 patients without all three autoantibodies but with one or two autoantibodies(negative group). The frequency and geometric mean titer of anti-β1-AR, anti-β2-AR, and anti-α1-AR were significantly lower in the group without all three autoantibodies after six months of carvedilol treatment(all P autoantibodies. In addition, left ventricular remodelling and function was significantly improved by the use of carvedilol combined with the standard treatment regime for six months in the positive group(P autoantibodies, even up to complete ablation, and significantly improved cardiac function and remodelling. The effect of carvedilol is probably correlated to the presence of all three autoantibodies.

关键词： Adrenergic receptors autoantibodies Cardiac function Carvedilol Heart failure

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Associations of autoantibodies and clinical profile of the patients with systemic sclerosis

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Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2022年第3期2卷 141-149页

作者： Shahin Mahmud Minhaj R.Choudhury Iftekhar H.Bandhan Md.Sahidul Islam MdAbu Shahin Syed A.Haq Mohammad M.Zaman Department of Clinical Neurology National Institute of Neurosciences and HospitalAgargaonDhakaBangladesh Department of Rheumatology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical UniversityDhakaBangladesh Data Management World Health OrganizationDhakaBangladesh Research and Publication World Health OrganizationDhakaBangladesh

Background:Systemic sclerosis is characterized by the involvement of organs and the presence of specific antibodies.The objectives of this study were to identify the autoantibodies and to determine their association with the selected clinical features of the disease among Bangladeshi systemic sclerosis patients.Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed at the rheumatology outpatient clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University.autoantibodies against nine systemic sclerosis-specific antigens were tested using an enzyme-linked immunoassay immunoblot kit.Several clinical features of patients with positive and negative autoantibody were examined by χ^(2) or Fisher's exact tests.Results:A total of 71 patients with systemic sclerosis(66;93.0%female)were included.Their mean age at disease onset was 33.2 years.Fifty-seven(80.3%)patients had diffuse cutaneous subtype.Out of nine autoantibodies,four were positive,anti-topoisomerase-I(57.7%),anti-U1 ribonucleic protein(21.1%),anti-RNA polymerase Ⅲ(18.3%),and anticentromere antibodies(4.2%).Eleven(15.5%)patients were negative for any antibodies and 11 patients were positive for at least two autoantibodies.Anti-U3-RNP,anti-PMScl,anti-Ku,and anti-Th/To auto antibodies were absent in all patients.Anti-RNA polymerase III was associated with raised pulmonary arterial systolic pressure(PASP)and anti-U1-RNP with decreased forced vital capacity(FVC).Conclusions:Anti-topoisomerase-I was the commonest autoantibody in patients with systemic sclerosis in Bangladesh.Anti-RNA polymerase III antibody had significant association with raised PASP and anti-U1-RNP with decreased FVC.

关键词： autoantibodies clinical profile systemic sclerosis

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Novel autoantibodies Related to Cell Death and DNA Repair Pathways in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第3期17卷 248-259页

作者： Hui Luo Ling Wang Ding Bao Li Wang Hongjun Zhao Yun Lian Mei Yan Chandra Mohan Quan-Zhen Li Department of Rheumatology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390USA Department of Nephrology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai 200072China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035China Department of Biomedical Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77004USA

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a complex autoimmune syndrome characterized by various co-existing autoantibodies(autoAbs)in patients’blood.However,the full spectrum of autoAbs in SLE has not been comprehensively elucidated.In this study,a commercial platform bearing 9400 antigens(ProtoArray)was used to identify autoAbs that were significantly elevated in the sera of SLE patients.By comparing the autoAb profiles of SLE patients with those of healthy controls,we identified 437 IgG and 1213 IgM autoAbs that the expression levels were significantly increased in SLE(P<0.05).Use of the ProtoArray platform uncovered over 300 novel autoAbs targeting a broad range of nuclear,cytoplasmic,and membrane antigens.Molecular interaction network analysis revealed that the antigens targeted by the autoAbs were most significantly enriched in cell death,cell cycle,and DNA repair pathways.A group of autoAbs associated with cell apoptosis and DNA repair function,including those targeting APEX1,AURKA,POLB,AGO1,HMGB1,IFIT5,MAPKAPK3,PADI4,RGS3,SRP19,UBE2S,and VRK1,were further validated by ELISA and Western blot in a larger cohort.In addition,the levels of autoAbs against APEX1,HMGB1,VRK1,AURKA,PADI4,and SRP19 were positively correlated with the level of anti-dsDNA in SLE patients.Comprehensive autoAb screening has identified novel autoAbs,which may shed light on potential pathogenic pathways leading to lupus.

关键词： Systemic lupus erythematosus autoantibodies ProtoArray Apoptosis DNA repair

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Multiplexed Biosensing Diagnostic Platforms Detecting autoantibodies to Tumor-Associated Antigens from Exosomes Released by CRC Cells and Tissue Samples Showed High Diagnostic Ability for Colorectal Cancer

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Engineering 2021年第10期7卷 1393-1412页

作者： Ana Montero-Calle Itziar Aranguren-Abeigon María Garranzo-Asensio Carmen Poves María Jesús Fernández-Aceñero Javier Martínez-Useros Rodrigo Sanz Jana Dziaková Javier Rodriguez-Cobos Guillermo Solís-Fernández Eloy Povedano Maria Gamella Rebeca Magnolia Torrente-Rodríguez Miren Alonso-Navarro Vivian de los Ríos J.Ignacio Casal Gemma Domínguez Ana Guzman-Aranguez Alberto Peláez-García JoséManuel Pingarrón Susana Campuzano Rodrigo Barderas Chronic Disease Program(UFIEC) Carlos III Health InstituteMadrid E-28220Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Optics and OptometryComplutense University of MadridMadrid E-28040Spain Gastroenterology Unit San Carlos Clinical HospitalMadrid E-28040Spain Surgical Pathology Department San Carlos Clinical HospitalMadrid E-28040Spain Translational Oncology Division OncoHealth InstituteJimenez Diaz Foundation University HospitalMadrid E-28040Spain Department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineAlberto Sols Institute of Biomedical ResearchCSIC-UAMMadrid E-28029Spain Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemical SciencesComplutense University of MadridMadrid E-28040Spain Center for Biological Research Spanish National Research Council(CSIC)MadridE-28040Spain Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group La Paz University Hospital(IdiPAZ)Madrid E-28046Spain

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.The five-year survival rate of CRC patients depends on the stage at diagnosis,being higher than 80%when CRC is diagnosed in the early stages but lower than 10%when CRC is diagnosed in advanced stages.autoantibodies against specific CRC autoantigens(tumor-associated antigens(TAAs))in the sera of patients have been widely demonstrated to aid in early diagnosis.Thus,we herein aim to identify autoantigens target of autoantibodies specific to CRC that possess a significant ability to discriminate between CRC patients and healthy individuals by means of liquid biopsy.To that end,we examined the protein content of the exosomes released by five CRC cell lines and tissue samples from CRC patients by means of immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry analysis.A total of 103 proteins were identified as potential autoantigens specific to CRC.After bioinformatics and meta-analysis,we selected 15 proteins that are more likely to be actual CRC autoantigens in order to evaluate their role in CRC prognosis by Western blot(WB)and immunohistochemistry(IHC).We found dysregulation at the protein level for 11 of these proteins in both tissue and plasma exosome samples from patients,along with an association of nine of these proteins with CRC prognosis.After validation,all but one showed a statistically significant high diagnostic ability to distinguish CRC patients and individuals with premalignant lesions from healthy individuals,either by luminescence Halotag-based beads,or by a multiplexed biosensing platform involving the use of magnetic microcarriers as solid support modified with covalently immobilized Halotag fusion proteins constructed for CRC detection.Taken together,our results highlight the usefulness of the approach defined here to identify the TAAs specific to chronic diseases;they also demonstrate that the measurement of autoantibody levels in plasma against the TAAs identified here could be integrated into a point-of-care(POC)de

关键词： autoantibodies Diagnosis Colorectal cancer Exosomes Tumor microenviroment Humoral immune response Point of care Biosensors

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Comprehensive review of autoantibodies in patients with hyper-IgM syndrome

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第6期15卷 610-617页

作者： Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche Qubo Chen Marco Carbone Imen Ben-Mustapha Zakera Shums Mehdi Trifa Federica Malinverno Francesca Bernuzzi Haiyan Zhang Nourhen Agrebi Gary L Norman Christopher Chang M Eric Gershwin Pietro Invernizzi Laboratory of Immunology Institute Pasteur de Tunis and Faculty of MedicineUniversity Tunis El Manar1002 TunisTunisia Humanitas Clinical and Research Center 20089 RozzanoItaly Clinical Laboratory Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese medicine510000 GuangzhouChina Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milan-Bicocca20900 Monza(MB)Italy Department of Research and Development Inova Diagnostics92131 San DiegoCAUSA Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Children Hospital Bechir HamzaTunis and Faculty of MedicineUniversity Tunis El Manar1007 TunisTunisia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMinistry of HealthStateKey Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai Institute of Digestive Disease200001 ShanghaiChina Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of California at Davis95616 DavisCAUSA

Hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome is an X-linked primary immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations in the CD40 ligand gene.The CD40 ligand has been recently highlighted as playing a key role in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis.In the present study,we assessed an extensive set of serum autoantibodies in a series of well-defined patients with hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome.Serum,liver-related and liver-not-related autoantibodies IgG,IgM and IgA were tested by ELISA and standard indirect immunofluorescence in HEp-2 cells in 13 Tunisian patients(8 males and 5 females,aged 1–12 years)with hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome during 1995–2012 and,as controls,21 age-and gender-matched blood donors.The level of IgM antibody against MIT3 was significantly higher in patients than in controls(35.8 vs 10.7,P=0.002).Half of the hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome patients were found to be anti-MIT3 IgM positive vs none of the controls(Po0.0001).Twenty-three percent of patients were found to be anti-sp100 antibody positive vs only 0.05%of controls.By immunofluorescence,92.3%of patients were MIT3 IgM positive vs none of the controls.In conclusion,the IgM class of anti-MIT3 antibodies was shown to be present by both ELISA and immunofluorescence in most of the patients with hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome.The presence of the hallmark of primary biliary cholangitis,a disease where the CD40 ligand is a key player,in an immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations in the CD40 ligand gene is very intriguing and opens new scenarios in understanding the immune pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis.

关键词： immunoglobulin M autoantibodies immunodeficiency hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome primary biliary cholangitis

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Circulating autoantibodies to endogenous erythropoietin are associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection-related anemia

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第3期16卷 289-295页

作者： Aristotelis Tsiakalos Theoharis Voumvas Alexandros Psarris Christina K Oikonomou Dimitrios C Ziogas Ioannis Ketikoglou Grigorios Hatzis Nikolaos V Sipsas Department of Pathophysiology Laikon General Hospital Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece hird Department of Internal Medicine Laikon General Hospital Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Microbiology Department Red Cross General Hospital Athens Greece Department of Internal Medicine Hippocration General Hospital Athens Greece

BACKGROUND： Chronic hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection is associated with autoimmune phenomena and is often complicated by anemia. Circulating autoantibodies to endogenous erythropoietin （anti-EPO） have been detected in patients with chronic viral infections and were correlated to anemia. The present study aimed to determine anti-EPO prevalence in pa- tients with chronic HCV infection and investigate its possible association with anemia. METHODS： Ninety-three consecutive patients （62 males and 31 females） with chronic HCV infection, who had never re- ceived antiviral therapy or recombinant EPO, were enrolled in the study. Circulating anti-EPO were detected in the serum by using an ELISA assay. Quantitative determination of serum EPO levels was done by radioimmunoassay. HCV RNA viral load t and genotype sequencing were also performed. RESULTS： Circulating anti-EPO were detected in 10.8% of HCV-infected patients and the prevalence of anti-EPO was significantly higher in patients with anemia （19.4% vs 5.3%, P=0.040） compared to that in those without anemia. Compared to anti-EPO negative cases, anti-EPO positive patients had higher frequency of anemia （70.0% vs 34.9%, P=0.030）, lower EPO concentrations （median 16.35 vs 30.65 mU/mL, P=0.005）, and higher HCV RNA viral load （median 891.5x103 vs 367.5x 103 IU/mL, P=0.016）. In multivariate regression anal- ysis the presence of anti-EPO remained an independent predictor of anemia （adjusted OR： 14.303, 95% CI： 1.417-36.580, P=0.024）. EPO response to anemia was less prominent among anti-EPO positive patients （P=0.001）. CONCLUSIONS： Circulating anti-EPO are detected in a significant proportion of treatment-naive HCV-infected patients and are independently associated with anemia, suggesting a further implication of autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of HCV-related anemia.

关键词： hepatitis C virus erythropoietin anemia autoantibodies

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Autoimmune liver disease-related autoantibodies in patients with biliary atresia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第3期24卷 387-396页

作者： Shu-Yin Pang Yu-Mei Dai Rui-Zhong Zhang Yi-Hao Chen Xiao-Fang Peng Jie Fu Zheng-Rong Chen Yun-Feng Liu Li-Yuan Yang Zhe Wen Jia-Kang Yu Hai-Ying Liu Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical University Department of Pathology Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical University Department of Neonatal Surgery Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical University

AIM To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of autoimmune liver disease(ALD)-related autoantibodies in patients with biliary atresia(BA).METHODS Sera of 124 BA patients and 140 age-matched non-BA controls were assayed for detection of the following autoantibodies: ALD profile and specific anti-nuclear antibodies(ANAs), by line-blot assay; ANA and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA), by indirect immunofluorescence assay; specific ANCAs and antiM2-3 E, by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Associations of these autoantibodies with the clinical features of BA(i.e., cytomegalovirus infection, degree of liver fibrosis, and short-term prognosis of Kasai procedure) were evaluated by Spearman's correlation coefficient.RESULTS The overall positive rate of serum autoantibodies in preoperative BA patients was 56.5%. ALD profile assay showed that the positive reaction to primary biliary cholangitis-related autoantibodies in BA patients was higher than that to autoimmune hepatitis-related autoantibodies. Among these autoantibodies, anti-BPO was detected more frequently in the BA patients than in the controls(14.8% vs 2.2%, P autoantibodies showed a correlation to cytomegalovirus infection or the stages of liver fibrosis.

关键词： Biliary atresia Anti-nuclear antibody Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody Autoimmune liver diseases autoantibodies

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Prevalence of autoantibodies against cellular antigens in patients with HIV and leprosy coinfection in the Amazon region

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 704-711页

作者： Clea Nazare Carneiro Bichara Carlos David Araujo Bichara Camila Tostes Marinete Marins Povoa Juarez Antonio Simoes Quaresma Marilia Brasil Xavier Center of Biological and Health Sciences State University of ParaCampus II-CCBSRua Perebebui n°2623MarcoBelemPA 66087-670Brazil Evandro Chagas Institute Ministry of HealthAnanindeuaPABrazil Tropical Medicine Center Federal University of ParaBelemPABrazil

Background:Infectious agents can activate self-reactive T cells.In general,infections trigger various mechanisms,including a lack of auto-tolerance,induction of costimulatory molecules on antigen presenting cells,and molecular simulation,in addition to cross-reactions between microbial antigens and self-antigens.HIV and leprosy coinfections lead to self-immunity with the production of autoantibodies.However,not enough data on the immune behaviour associated with this coinfection are available.Therefore,this study focused on the detection of autoantibodies against cellular antigens(AACA)in individuals with HIV and leprosy coinfection in the Amazon region.Methods:Patients were distributed into four groups according to their infections:(i)coinfection with HIV and leprosy(n=23),(ii)infection with leprosy(n=33),(iii)infection with HIV/AIDS(n=25),and(iv)healthy blood donor controls(n=100).AACA were identified by indirect immunofluorescence and the samples were tested using a commercial diagnosis kit containing the antinuclear antibody HEp-2.Results:Morphologically,all stages of cell division were assessed in addition to the morphological features associated with the nuclear matrix,nucleolus,mitotic spindle,and cytoplasm.There was a high prevalence of AACA in the coinfection group(47.8%,n=11)when compared with the control group of healthy blood donors(2.0%).The results showed predominantly cytoplasmic staining in all groups analysed,and no difference was observed between the presence or absence of AACA and the leprosy forms(paucibacillary and multibacillary)in the coinfection group.Conclusions:The results of this study show that despite the tendency of coinfected patients to have higher levels of autoantibodies,no correlation was observed between clinical and laboratorial variables and morbidity associated with HIV and leprosy coinfections or the levels of AACA in the serum of coinfected patients.These data are important to elucidate this complex relationship between HIV and leprosy and thus improve the follow-up of the

关键词： Leprosy HIV autoantibodies Immunology Amazon region

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