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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders A meta-analysis

Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第28期8卷 2666-2676页

作者： Yingli Zhang Wei Liang Shichang Yang Ping Dai Lijuan Shen Changhong Wang Psychological Counseling Center Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Department of Clinical Psychology Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Department of Psychology Xinxiang Medical University Library of Sichuan University Mental Health Institute Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Department of Psychiatry Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University

OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 1985 to May 2012. Key words were ＂transcranial magnetic stimulation＂, ＂TMS＂, ＂repetitive tran- scranial magnetic stimulation＂, and ＂hallucination＂. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing therapeutic ef- ficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Experimental intervention was low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in left temporoparietal cortex for treatment of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Control groups received sham stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The primary outcome was total scores of auditory hallucinations Rating Scale, auditory hallucination Subscale of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale-auditory hallucination item, and hallucination Change Scale. Secondary outcomes included response rate, global mental state, adverse effects and cognitive function. RESULTS： Seventeen studies addressing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders were screened, with controls receiving sham stimulation. All data were completely effective, involving 398 patients. Overall mean weighted effect size for repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus sham stimulation was statistically significant （MD = -0.42, 95%C/： -0.64 to -0.20, P = 0.000 2）. Patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation responded more frequently than sham stimulation （OR = 2.94, 95%C/： 1.39 to 6.24, P =0.005）. No significant differences were found between active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation a

关键词： neural regeneration meta-analysis transcranial magnetic stimulation auditory hallucination schizophre-nia schizophrenia spectrum disorders schizophreniform disorder temporoparietal cortex cognitive func-tion positive symptom grants-supported paper neuroregeneration

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40 Hz auditory Steady State Response to Linguistic Features of Stimuli during auditory hallucinations

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2013年第5期33卷 748-753页

作者：应俊闫铮高小榕 Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Department of Biomedical Engineering Chinese PLA General Hospital Institute of Information Engineering & Technology Huaqiao University

The auditory steady state response （ASSR） may reflect activity from different regions of the brain, depending on the modulation frequency used. In general, responses induced by low rates （_〈40 Hz） emanate mostly from central structures of the brain, and responses from high rates （〉80 Hz） emanate mostly from the peripheral auditory nerve or brainstem structures. Besides, it was reported that the gamma band ASSR （30-90 Hz） played an important role in working memory, speech understanding and recognition. This paper investigated the 40 Hz ASSR evoked by modulated speech and reversed speech. The speech was Chinese phrase voice, and the noise-like reversed speech was obtained by temporally reversing the speech. Both auditory stimuli were modulated with a frequency of 40 Hz. Ten healthy subjects and 5 patients with hallucination symptom participated in the experiment. Results showed re- duction in left auditory cortex response when healthy subjects listened to the reversed speech compared with the speech. In contrast, when the patients who experienced auditory hallucinations listened to the reversed speech, the auditory cortex of left hemispheric responded more actively. The ASSR results were consistent with the behavior results of patients. Therefore, the gamma band ASSR is expected to be helpful for rapid and objective diagnosis of hallucination in clinic.

关键词： auditory steady state response gamma band speech recognition auditory hallucination electroencephalograph

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An Integrative Account of Neural Network Interaction: Neuro-Messenger Theory

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2021年第2期11卷 124-136页

作者： Tien-Wen Lee The Neurocognitive Institute (NCI) Clinical Research Foundation New Jersey US Department of Psychiatry Dajia Lee’s General Hospital Lee’s Medical Corporation Taichung Chinese Taipei

Neural interaction is realized by information exchange. It seemed that the information amount does not keep constant and may be reduced during the travel between neural nodes. In addition, recent research of neural coding has suggested that neural information could be represented by parsimonious spiking pattern, named sparse coding. Based on the above observation, neuro-messenger theory (NMT) is proposed to explicate the communicative process between the source and the target neural nodes. Neuro-messenger is a sparse code which does not have to carry every detail of the dynamics in source node. Other formats of neural coding (e.g., temporal and rate coding) could be the precursors of neuro-messengers, and the repeated spatiotemporal patterns buried in the ongoing brain activities may be the circulated neuro-messengers from diverse origins. Referred to chaos/complexity theory, information can be recovered at target node where neuro-messenger serves as a facilitator to locate the trajectory at proper attractor, and hence the associated psychological entity. In contrast to conventional concepts of encoding and decoding, the processes of encoding in source node, issuing neuro-messengers, and recovering information at target node are summarized as “three-facet coding scheme”. The design of neuro-messenger enables the brain to utilize energy in an efficient and economical way. NMT may have substantial implication in several major psychiatric disorders. Some psychiatric conditions could be mediated by abnormal neuro-messengers that coerce the regional neuro-dynamics to delve into maladaptive attractors and hence the characteristic symptoms.

关键词： auditory hallucination Delusion Neural Coding Neuro-Messenger Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Sparse Coding

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