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An experimental approach for investigating many-body phenomena in Rydberg-interacting quantum systems

Frontiers of physics 2014年第5期9卷 571-586页

作者： C. S. Hofmann G. Gunter H. Schempp N. L. M. Miiller A. Faber H. Busche M. Robert-de-Saint-Vincent S. Whitlock M. Weidemuller Physikalisches Institut Universitiit Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 226 69120 Heidelberg Germany Center for Free-Electron Laser Science DESY Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle Department of Physics Durham University Rochester Building South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom

Recent developments in the study of ultracold Rydberg gases demand an adwanced level of experimental sophistication, in which high atomic and optical densities must be combined with excellent control of external fields and sensitive Rydberg atom detection. We describe a tailored experimental system used to produce and study Rydberg-interacting atoms excited from dense ultracold atomic gases. The experiment has been optimized for fast duty cycles using a high flux cold atom source and a three beam optical dipole trap. The latter enables tuning of the atomic density and temperature over several orders of magnitude, all the way to the Bose--Einstein condensation transition. An elec- trode structure surrounding the atoms allows for precise control over electric fields and single-particle sensitive field ionization detection of Rydberg atoms. We review two experiments which highlight the influence of strong Rydberg---Rydberg interactions on different many-body systems. First, the Rydberg blockade effect is used to pre-structure an atomic gas prior to its spontaneous evolution into an ultracold plasma. Second, hybrid states of photons and atoms called dark-state polaritons are studied. By looking at the statistical distribution of Rydberg excited atoms we reveal correlations between dark-state polaritons. These experiments will ultimately provide a deeper understanding of many-body phenomena in strongly-interacting regimes, including the study of strongly-coupled plasmas and interfaces between atoms and light at the quantum level.

关键词： ultracold Rydberg gases ultracold plasmas Bose-Einstein condensation atom-light interactions many-body interactions

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