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atmospheric dispersion of chemical,biological,and radiological hazardous pollutants:Informing risk assessment for public safety

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2022年第4期3卷 372-397页

作者： Xiaole Zhang Jing Wang Institute of Environmental Engineering(IfU) ETH ZürichZürichCH 8093Switzerland Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies EmpaDübendorfCH 8600Switzerland

Modern society is confronted with emerging threats from chemical,biological,and radiological(CBR)hazardous substances,which are intensively utilized in the chemical,medical,and energy *** atmospheric dis-persion of released CBR hazardous pollutants can influence a large percentage of the population owing to their rapid process with extensive spatial *** is important to comprehensively understand the behaviors of the released CBR pollutants in the atmosphere to fully evaluate the risks and protect public *** this study,we reviewed the advancements in the atmospheric transport of CBR pollutants,including the urban atmospheric boundary layer,unique concepts,and models for CBR *** underlined the development of innovative methodologies(e.g.,inverse estimation and data assimilation methods)for the atmospheric transport of acciden-tally released CBR pollutants to reduce uncertainties in emissions and accumulated errors during dispersion by combining numerical models with monitoring ***,we introduced progress in quantitative risk assess-ment,including exposure assessment and dose-response relationships for CBR hazardous pollutants.A framework,source,assimilation,fundamentals,exposure,and risk(SAFER),has been proposed to integrate the key compo-nents in the risk assessment of airborne CBR hazardous *** methods and models can contribute to effective risk preparedness,prevention,evidence-based policymaking,and emergency response to airborne CBR pollutants.

关键词： atmospheric dispersion Bioaerosols Toxic and flammable chemicals Radiation Nuclear accident Industrial accident Data assimilation Dose-response relations Exposure Quantitative risk assessment Probabilistic risk assessment

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Study on Conventional atmospheric dispersion Models in China,America and Canada

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 1998年第4期15卷 93-100页

作者：王体健李宗恺孙照渤 Department of atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing

The conventional atmospheric dispersion models used in China (CRADM), America (HPDM) and Canada (AMS) are investigated. The main differences between the three models are described, and the various aspects of CRADM, HPDM and AMS for same input are compared and discussed. Some problems in application of atmospheric dispersion models to environmental impact assessment are analyzed and suggestions for rivision are proposed. Results show that the Briggs plume rise formula in neutral condition overestimates the real rise due to the fact that the accumulative effect of ambient turbulence on plume is not considered in his model.

关键词： atmospheric dispersion Conventional model Plume rise

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Some Theoretical Aspects of atmospheric dispersion Random Walk Model

Some Theoretical Aspects of Atmospheric Dispersion Random Wa...

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2012年环境污染与大众健康学术会议

作者： Liu Feng 1,2 Zhu Jiang 2 Duan Sheng-liang 1 Wang Yin-lian 1 Guo Bao-lin 1 (1 Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, China) (2 LAPC, Institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China)

In this paper, focus on atmospheric dispersion random walk model, some theoretical aspects are studied and discussed. The approximate formula for dispersion variance of one dimensional random walk particles is derived and compared with that from Tailor’s statistical turbulence theory. The conditions for particle dispersion to approach normal distribution are discussed and it turns out that it is unnecessary to assume that the random disturbances be normal distributed. Numerical experiments are designed to verify the theoretical results.

关键词： atmospheric dispersion random walk model normal distribution statistical turbulence theory

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The comparison of ensemble or deterministic dispersion modeling on global dispersion during Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第3期58卷 356-370页

作者： SHENG Li SONG ZhenXin HU JiangKai Lü Kai TONG Hua LI Bing QIAO QingDang National Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China

Ensemble forcasting,originally developed for weather prediction,is lately being extended to atmospheric dispersion applications,which is a new,effective methodology for improving the atmospheric dispersion numerical *** March 2011,due to the massive 9.0 earthquakes and ensuing tsunami that struck off the northern coast of the island of Honshu,the Fukushima Nuclear Plant I had the substantial leak of radioactive materials into surrounding environment and *** aim at the global dispersion modeling of atmospheric radionuclides from Fukushima Nuclear Accident,this paper presents two approaches of atmospheric dispersion forecasting:ensemble dispersion modeling(EDM) and deterministic dispersion modeling(DDM),conducts the globally dispersion modeling cases for Fukushima nuclear accident,and analyzes and evaluates the simulation results using observation *** this paper,EDM includes three different perturbation methods:meteorological perturbation method,turbulence perturbation method,and physical parameterization ensemble forecasting *** simulation results show that the trajectories from EDM have a better performance,which is in better agreement with the atmospheric circulation and observation data; the spread from DDM is slower and not as far as ***,the results from EDM display a better performance in the modeling of transport from Japan to China East Sea on April *** reasons for these results are:the techniques of MET and TUR are performed by adding perturbations on mean wind and turbulent velocity,respectively; the various different flow fields will result in far spreading in horizontal and the simulation results closer to observation; PHY is performed by using different diffusion physical parameterizations and produces the perturbations on vertical wind,which results the spreading in smaller range and discontinuous in ***,the comparative analysis between modeling results and observation data shows that all cases r

关键词： ensemble dispersion modeling deterministic dispersion modeling atmospheric dispersion Fukushima nuclear accident

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Study on the Thermal internal Boundary Layer and dispersion of Air Pollutant in Coastal Area by Numerical Simulation

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Advances in atmospheric Sciences 1994年第3期11卷 285-290页

作者：蒋维楣于洪彬 Department of atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing

In this paper, a scheme on a mesoscale dispersion modeling system was set up. The modeling system was used tostudy the turbulence structure of TIBL and dispersion features under shoreline tlimigation situation. The modelingsystem has successfully solved the problem of meteorological input of stochastic dispersion models and exploited anew approach to comprehensive application of this kind of dispersion models.

关键词： atmospheric dispersion Thermal Internal Boundary Layer Numerical Simulation

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Effect of Change in Rate of Emissions Furan/Dioxin of Public Health Risk on WTE Gede Bage

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2015年第10期4卷 507-515页

作者： Sapto Prajogo Ari Handono Ramelan Evi Gravitiani Hartono Energy Conversion Engineering Department Bandung State Polytechnic Bandung 40012 Indonesia Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Sebelas Maret University Surakarta 57126 Indonesia Economics and Business Faculty Sebelas Maret University Surakarta 57126 Indonesia Medical Faculty Sebelas Maret University Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

Bandung, adopted a policy to build Waste to Energy （WTE） systems with a combustion capacity of 500 tons/day. WTE technologies will burn waste that is fed and utilized energy generated to be converted into electrical energy. This technology has the potential to reduce the volume of waste more effectively, but WTE also emit various harmful contaminants, including Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans （PCDF） and Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins （PCDDs）. WTE equipped with air pollution control, so that the emission of harmful contaminants can be controlled and detected continuously. This study only discusses contaminants PCDF and PCDDs, and the effect of air pollution control work against public health risks. In this study, the efficiency of air pollution control is assumed at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90% and 99%, while the public health risk assessment carried out for the projected 15 years into the future. Public health risk assessment carried out by the calculation of the health risk of carcinogenic （liver cancer）. A causal relationship between the independent variable efficiency of air pollution control with one dependent variable number of liver cancer patients, obtained the simple linear regression equation Y = 76.4592 - 0.7692X.

关键词： WTE APC efficiency atmospheric dispersion human health environmental toxins.

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