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A tribo-chemical view on astringency of plant-based food substances

Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1392-1407页

作者： Samuel S.GAMANIEL Paloma S.DUEÑAS ROBLES Hans TROMP Els H.A.de HOOG Sissi de BEER Emile van der HEIDE Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede 7522 LWthe Netherlands NIZO Food Research B.V. Ede6710 BAthe Netherlands Department of Molecules and Materials MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology University of TwenteEnschede 7500 AEthe Netherlands

Consumption of plant-based food products having high composition of polyphenols leads to the sensation of *** sliding oral surfaces,friction is an essential property during the oral perception of roughness and dryness which are attributes associated with *** factors including the chemical composition of interacting layers,structure and operation of interfaces have an effect on the astringency development *** manner of interactions occurring at oral interfaces suggest there is a system dependence of astringency and highlights the importance of adopting a tribosystems *** measurement techniques have shown an existing relationship between salivary protein-polyphenol interaction and an astringent ***,the tribo-chemistry involved in this multifaceted sensation remains largely unexplored in a comprehensive *** this review the underlying tribo-chemical processes useful in understanding the mechanism of astringency are highlighted and discussed considering current techniques employed to investigate astringency *** of lubrication on oral surfaces owing to the tribo-chemical interactions involving saliva and astringent plant proteins requires subsequent deformations of oral tissues which are significant enough to induce strains at mechanoreceptor locations,leading to the sensation of *** is proposed that micro-scale contact modelling on the interaction of food particles/aggregates,boundary layers and oral surfaces shows potential in addressing the knowledge gap between tribo-chemical measurement techniques and panel tests,making it possible to attain a predictor for astringency.

关键词： oral lubrication astringency tribo-chemistry tribology

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Preferential transport activity of Dk DTX5/MATE5 affects the formation of different astringency in persimmon

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第10期65卷 2304-2319页

作者： Ying Liu Xin Wu Chenfeng Sun Wenxing Chen Meng Zhang Niannian Liu Qinglin Zhang Liqing Xu Zhengrong Luo National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

Proanthocyanidins(PAs) are specialized metabolites that infuence persimmon fruit *** astringent(A)-type and non-astringent(NA)-type mutants show significant variation in PA accumulation, but the infuencing mechanism remains unclear. In this study, among the six identified DTXs/MATEs proteins associated with PA accumulation, we observed that allelic variation and preferential transport by Dk DTX5/MATE5 induced variation in PA accumulation for A-type and NA-type fruit. The expression pattern of Dk DTX5/MATE5 was correlated with PA accumulation in NA-type fruit. Upregulation and downregulation of Dk DTX5/MATE5 promoted and inhibited PA accumulation, respectively, in the NA-type fruit. Interestingly, transporter assays of Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that Dk DTX5/MATE5 preferentially transported the PA precursors catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate, resulting in their increased ratios relative to the total PAs, which was the main source of variation in PA accumulation between the A-type and NA-type. The allele lacking Ser-84 in Dk DTX5/MATE5 was identified as a dominantly expressed gene in the A-type and lost its transport function. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Dk DTX5/MATE5 binds to PA precursors via Ser-84. These findings clarify the association between the transporter function of Dk DTX5/MATE5 and PA variation, and can contribute to the breeding of new cultivars with improved fruit quality.

关键词： astringency DTX/MATE persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb.) proanthocyanidins(PAs) tonoplast transmembrane

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A novel technology to reduce astringency of tea polyphenols extract and its mechanism

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2021年第3期13卷 421-429页

作者： Jin-yan Wan Yu Long Yu-lu Zhang Yan Xiang Song-yu Liu Nan Li Ding-kun Zhang College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China

Objective:Tea polyphenols are natural extracts used widely throughout the ***,the severe astringency of tea polyphenols has reduced patient *** on the analysis of the formation mechanism of astringency,this paper hopes to propose a new method to control the astringency of tea polyphenols and improve patient compliance without changing its ***:Artificial saliva was used to prepare the tea polyphenols solution with different p H,using bcasein to imitate salivary protein,and preparing 1.2 mg/m L b-casein solution.A fluorescence quenching test was used to study the interaction between tea polyphenols and b-casein,combined with the stability test results of the compound,we can choose the p H with weak binding but good stability as the best p H for masking *** taste-masking tablets were prepared under the best p H conditions,and the Xinnaojian Original Tablets were prepared according to the conventional preparation *** disintegration time limit and solubility were tested *** astringency of Xinnaojian original tablets and taste-masking tablets was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS).Results:The result of the fluorescence quenching test prompted that the combination force was the weakest when the p H was *** synchronous fluorescence analysis showed that an increase in p H resulted in a decrease of the binding sites between tea polyphenols and b-casein,and this decrease was closely related to changes in tryptophan residues in *** original and taste-masking Xinnaojian Tablets were ***’VAS scores illustrated that the astringency improved significantly with the masking tablets(Pastringency masking technology for tea polyphenols and its preparation.

关键词： astringency b-casein fluorescence quenching tea polyphenols

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Screening Germplasm Resources of Tea Plant with Less Bitterness and astringency Index

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2011年第6期1卷 874-880页

作者： L. Y. Wu J. K. Lin Department of Tea Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China

The aim of this study was to identify tea varieties with less bitterness and astringency index that could be used as important sources for breeding and in the production of high quality tea. We studied 36 cultivars or lines which had been preserved in Tea Germplasm Garden of Fujian. The contents of catechins in spring tea shoots, summer tea shoots and autumn tea shoots in 36 varieties and lines were analyzed by HPLC. Analysis of these tea varieties and lines revealed that the catechins contained in the tea shoots in different seasons are highly variable. The content of ester-catechins in spring and summer tea shoots was higher than that of autumn, while non-ester-catechins did not showed the same characteristic. The content of EGCG showed an extremely significant positive correlation with T1 （T1 = EGC ＋ EGCG ＋ GCG ＋ EGC）, an extremely significant negative correlation with DL-C, the content of EGC showed the same characteristic. Among them, 10 cultivars with less bitterness and astringency index （the annual average bitterness and astringency index 〈 8.0） were considered good candidates as important breeding materials tbr tea infusion quality improvement.

关键词： Camellia sinensis ester-catechins bitterness astringency germplasm resources screening.

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Hydrodynamic Analysis and Shape Optimization for Vertical Axisymmetric Wave Energy Converters

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China Ocean Engineering 2016年第6期30卷 954-966页

作者：张万超刘恒序张亮张学伟 College of Shipbuilding Engineering Harbin Engineering University

The absorber is known to be vertical axisymmetric for a single-point wave energy converter （WEC）. The shape of the wetted surface usually has a great influence on the absorber＇s hydrodynamic characteristics which are closely linked with the wave power conversion ability. For complex wetted surface, the hydrodynamic coefficients have been predicted traditionally by hydrodynamic software based on the BEM. However, for a systematic study of various parameters and geometries, they are too multifarious to generate so many models and data grids. This paper examines a semi-analytical method of decomposing the complex axisyrnmetric boundary into several ring-shaped and stepped surfaces based on the boundary discretization method （BDM） which overcomes the previous difficulties. In such case, by using the linear wave theory based on eigenfunction expansion matching method, the expressions of velocity potential in each domain, the added mass, radiation damping and wave excitation forces of the oscillating absorbers are obtained. The good astringency of the hydrodynamic coefficients and wave forces are obtained for various geometries when the discrete number reaches a certain value. The captured wave power for a same given draught and displacement for various geometries are calculated and compared. Numerical results show that the geometrical shape has great effect on the wave conversion performance of the absorber. For absorbers with the same outer radius and draught or displacement, the cylindrical type shows fantastic wave energy conversion ability at some given frequencies, while in the random sea wave, the parabolic and conical ones have better stabilization and applicability in wave power conversion.

关键词： vertical axisymmetric complex wetted surface semi-analytical method astringency geometrical shape

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A Preliminary Study on the Theory of Polar Coordinates Digital Photogrammetry and the Coordinate System of Spatial Information

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Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science 2018年第1期1卷 61-79页

作者： Lei YAN Ruihua ZHANG Yanbiao SUN Beijing Key Lab of Spatial Information Integration and Its Applications Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Civil Environmental&Geomatic EngineeringUniversity College London(UCL)LondonUK

The development of new aeronautics and astronautics technologies has been constrained by strict mathematical rules for data processing among the diverse methods used to obtain spatial *** acquisition of spatial information has been affected by various choices including the applied technologies(e.g.,push broom sensors),techniques(e.g.,zoom imaging),and equipment settings(e.g.,swing angle,aerial platform attitude,camera angle)in terms of the convergence,efficiency,and accuracy of the *** on the principle of the bionic machine parallax angle and pyramidal projection of the aerial space platform to the surface,this study explored solutions for high-resolution image sparsity,ill-conditioned singularity,and non-convergence by building a set of mathematical models to process the polar coordinates of the parallax angular *** study also formed a polar information theory for initial spatial *** method improved the ranges of accuracy,efficiency,and anti-interference in close-range photogrammetry and the free net bundle adjustment model by several orders of *** open source code was made globally available more than 3 years ago,and has received positive *** method’s effectiveness was verified using aerophotogrammetry and absolute network adjustment model experiments,and its performance was better than that of the Cartesian coordinate processing ***,the higher-order solution characteristics of various applications and spaceflight platforms were provided,which are expected to provide a foundation for construction of a new polar coordinate system for aerospace multi-scale all-attitude spatial information acquisition,organization,management,storage,processing,and application.

关键词： astringency bionic machine vision convergence precision intelligent photogrammetry polar coordinates vector spatial information

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中国经济双循环耦合协调度分布动态、空间差异及收敛性研究

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国民经济管理 2022年第5期

作者：赵文举张曾莲

测算1999-2019年中国经济“内循环”与“外循环”耦合协调度的实际水平并分析其分布动态、空间差异及收敛性。研究方法：耦合协调度模型、Kernel密度估计、Dagum基尼系数及其分解法和β收敛模型。研究发现：考察期内，中国经济“内循环... 详细信息

测算1999-2019年中国经济“内循环”与“外循环”耦合协调度的实际水平并分析其分布动态、空间差异及收敛性。研究方法：耦合协调度模型、Kernel密度估计、Dagum基尼系数及其分解法和β收敛模型。研究发现：考察期内，中国经济“内循环”与“外循环”之间的耦合协调度呈现稳定的上升趋势，但总体水平仍然较低，地区异质性、时间阶段性特征明显；空间差异持续扩大，主要来源是区域间差异；正空间相关关系持续而稳定；全国及四大地区经济双循环耦合协调度存在显著的绝对β收敛和条件β收敛过程，不同地区耦合协调度收敛位置的影响因素各不相同。研究创新：测算了中国经济双循环耦合协调度水平并分析其时空演进规律与收敛性。研究价值：对于总体把握我国经济双循环发展规律，因地制宜，精准施策，加快构建双循环新发展格局具有积极的现实意义。

关键词：经济双循环分布动态空间差异收敛性 economic dual circulation distribution dynamics spatial differences astringency

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