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Production of asexual and sexual offspring in the triploid sexual planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis

Integrative Zoology 2009年第3期4卷 265-271页

作者： Kazuya KOBAYASHI Sachiko ARIOKA Motonori HOSHI Midori MATSUMOTO Department of Biosciences and Informatics Keio UniversityYokohamaJapan

Certain freshwater planarians reproduce asexually as well as sexually,and their chromosomal ploidies include polyploidy,aneuploidy and ***,we successfully performed an experiment in which a clonal population produced by asexual reproduction of the Dugesia ryukyuensis(OH strain)switched to the sexual mode of *** of this strain are triploid with a pericentric inversion on Chromosome *** worms were switched to sexual reproduction after being fed with sexually mature Bdellocephala brunnea,which is a sexually reproducing *** resulting sexualized OH strain produced cocoons filled with several *** putative factors,Mendelian factor(s)and chromosomal control(s),have been proposed as determining the reproductive *** present study demonstrated that inbreeding of the resultant sexualized worms produced the following four types of offspring through sexual reproduction:diploid asexual worms,triploid asexual worms,diploid sexual worms and triploid sexual *** chromosomal mutation on Chromosome 4 was inherited by these offspring independent of their reproductive *** results provide two important pieces of information:(i)the putative genetic factor was not necessarily inherited in a Mendelian fashion;and(ii)the reproductive mode is not regulated by chromosomal changes such as polyploidy or chromosomal *** suggests that asexuality in *** is regulated by an unknown factor(s)other than a Mendelian factor or a chromosomal control.

关键词： asexuality Dugesia ryukyuensis planarian polyploidy reproductive mode.

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Differences in egg hatching time between cyclical and obligate parthenogenetic lineages of aphids

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 135-141页

作者： Charles-Antoine Dedryver Joel Bonhomme Jean-Francois Le Gallic Jean-Christophe Simon Unite Mixte de Recherche IGEPP 1349 INRAIAgrocampus OuestlUniversite Rennes 1Le Rheu cedexFrance

Many aphid species exhibit a variation in reproductive mode which is influenced by winter climate regimes,with cyclical parthenogenetic (CP)lines dominating in cold winter areas (because they produce cold-resistant eggs)and obligate parthenogenetic (OP) ones in mild winter regions (because of their parthenogenetic overwintering).Genetic studies on several aphid species have shown that the OP trait can be transmitted during sexual events involving the 2 types of *** genetic system could be considered as a local safeguarding mechanism for OP alleles in case severe frost would have killed all parthenogenetically overwintering ***,this strategy would only be efficient in restoring local polymorphism in breeding systems if the newly hatched OP recombinants remain competitive over their CP *** this study we compared egg hatching sequences of CP and OP F1 clones from several crosses obtained for 2 cereal aphid species,Sitobion avenae (constant 5℃,8 h of light)and Rhopalosiphum padi (winter outdoor conditions).For ***,we obtained F1 offspring from 6 crosses, involving 4 clones while in *** F1 were obtained from 11 crosses involving 14 clones. We showed that in both species proportions of OP clones were higher in the first half of the progeny relative to the second *** addition,F1 OP clones hatched in the mean about a week earlier than their CP sibs,which gives them a demographic advantage at the start of the growth *** then discussed the consequences of this fitness advantage for the maintenance and spread of the OP trait in aphid populations.

关键词： asexuality diapauses genetic variation insects overwintering strategies reproductive mode

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