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The response of mesopelagic organisms to artificial lights

Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第5期6卷 519-529页

作者： Melanie J.Underwood Anne Christine Utne Palm Jan ToreØvredal Åsmund Bjordal Institute of Marine Research PO Box 1870NordnesNO-5817BergenNorway

Though mesopelagic fish respond to natural light(e.g.,diurnal vertical migration),few studies have looked at how they respond to artificial light and if artificial lights could be used in commercial operations to improve catchability of mesopelagic *** we present a preliminary study on how mesopelagic organisms respond to blue and green spotlights,as well as red and white diffuse lights in Masfjorden(Norway;max depth of 480 m).The response of organisms in each of the three sound scattering layers(SSLs)was observed when a)artificial lights were positioned in a layer or b)moved with a constant speed(generally 0.03 ms􀀀1)towards a *** artificial lights were attached to a rig with a self-contained echosounder,which recorded the vertical and horizontal avoidance of organisms in each SSL to different artificial *** hauls(MIC-net)and video footage confirmed that Maurolicus muelleri and siphonophores were present in the upper layer(100-150 m),while Benthosema glaciale were present in the deeper layers(~200 m and~300 m to seabed).Our findings suggest that ***(SSL1)horizontally avoid blue spotlight and white diffuse light,while ***(SSL2 and SSL3)mainly avoid the same lights downwards and can be herded downwards over 250 *** this study should be regarded as preliminary,the observed avoidance/herding response suggests artificial lights could be applied to improve existing fish capture methods for mesopelagic fish.

关键词： Fish behavior Mesopelagic organisms artificial light Herding

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An analytical validation for the attenuation of lateral propagating light in sea ice

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第3期34卷 1-8页

作者： ZHAO Jinping LI Tao EHN Jens BARBER David Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Centre for Earth Observation Science University of Manitoba

The attenuation of lateral propagating light （LPL） in sea ice was measured using an artificial light source in the Canadian Arctic during the 2007/2008 winter. The apparent attenuation coefficientμ（λ）for lateral prop-agating light was obtained from the measured logarithmic relative variation rate. In this study an analytical solution based on the strict optical theories is developed to validate the measured result. There is a good consistency between theoretical solution and measured data, by which a quite simple but very rigorous relationship among the light source, measurement geometry, and measured irradiance is established. The attenuation coefficients acquired by measurement and theory are the diffusion attenuation as an apparent optical property of ice, independent of the light source and shining condition. The attenuation ability of sea ice should be caused by the microstructure of sea ice, such as crystal size, ice density, brine volume, air inclusion, etc. It also includes the leak from both interfaces by directional scattering. It is verified that the measuring approach is operational and accurate to measure the attenuation of the LPL. The solution from this study did not tell the connection among the extinction and the inclusions of sea ice theoretically be-cause of insufficient understanding.

关键词： Arctic,sea ice lateral propagating light optical attenuation coefficient artificial light analytical solution

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Effects of environment lighting on the growth,photosynthesis,and quality of hydroponic lettuce in a plant factory

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第2期11卷 33-40页

作者： Xin Zhang Dongxian He Genhua Niu Zhengnan Yan Jinxiu Song Key Lab of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Texas A&M AgriLife Research at El Paso Texas A&M University System1380 A&M CircleEl PasoTX79927USA Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture Beijing 100097China

Leafy vegetable production under controlled environment using artificial lighting has many advantages over conventional greenhouses and open-field ***,high initial investment and operation costs are restricting the wide application of this *** order to design an optimal artificial lighting environment for lettuce production,effects of different combinations of light intensity,photoperiod,and light quality on growth,quality,photosynthesis,and energy use efficiency of lettuce(Lactuca sativa *** Ziwei)were investigated under a closed plant *** transplants were grown under photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD)at 150μmol/m^(2)·s,200μmol/m^(2)·s,250μmol/m^(2)·s,and 300μmol/m^(2)·s provided by fluorescent lamps(FL)with a red to blue ratio(R:B ratio)of 1.8 and light-emitting diode(LED)lamps with R:B ratio of 1.2 and 2.2,in combination with photoperiod of 12 and 16 h/*** order to examine the“long term”photosynthetic characteristics,net photosynthetic rates of hydroponic lettuce leaves were continuously measured for 2 d(15^(th) and 16^(th) day after transplanting)before *** was no difference in leaf fresh weight(FW)between PPFD of 250μmol/m^(2)·s and 300μmol/m^(2)·s with photoperiod of 16 h/d,regardless of light quality,and same results showed in contents of nitrate,soluble sugar,and vitamin C,*** results of continuous measurements of net photosynthetic rate of lettuce leaves before harvest indicated that plants grown at PPFD of 250μmol/m^(2)·s had consistently higher compared to those grown at PPFD of 300μmol/m^(2)·*** the results from growth,photosynthesis,quality,and energy consumption,it can be concluded that PPFD at 250μmol/m^(2)·s with photoperiod of 16 h/d under LED with R:B ratio of 2.2 is a suitable light environment for maximum growth and high quality of commercial lettuce(***)production under indoor controlled environment.

关键词： plant factory daily light integral artificial light photosynthetic photon flux density net photosynthetic rate energy use efficiency

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光照对社会心理和行为的影响

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心理学 2018年第11期

作者：陈庆伟汝涛涛周菊燕李静华熊晓李笑然周国富

作为光照的非视觉功效之一，光照对社会心理和行为影响的研究相对较少但是方兴未艾。光照对亲社会行为和反社会行为具有不同影响，目前提出的加工机制涉及情绪、相依型自我建构、匿名感、道德自我和具身认知。未来研究需要从光照维度和... 详细信息

作为光照的非视觉功效之一，光照对社会心理和行为影响的研究相对较少但是方兴未艾。光照对亲社会行为和反社会行为具有不同影响，目前提出的加工机制涉及情绪、相依型自我建构、匿名感、道德自我和具身认知。未来研究需要从光照维度和模式、自然光的实验室研究、心理加工机制、神经生化机制、群体差异、调节变量、重复性研究和本土化研究等方面做努力。

关键词：光照人工光自然光亲社会行为反社会行为 light natural light artificial light prosocial behavior antisocial behavior

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