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Optimal Su-Do-Ku based interconnection scheme for increased power output from PV array under partial shading conditions

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第2期9卷 199-210页

作者： P. SRINIVASA RAO P. DINESH G. SARAVANA ILANGO C. NAGAMANI Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Instituteof Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015 India

Partial shading is a common phenomenon in PV arrays. They drastically reduce the power output because of mismatch losses, which are reliant on the shape of the shade as well as the locations of shaded panels in the array. The power output can be improved by distributing the shade over various rows to maximize the current entering the node. A Su-Do-Ku configuration can be used to rearrange the physical locations of the PV modules in a total cross tied PV array with the electrical connections left unchanged. However, this arrangement increases the length of the wire required to interconnect the panels thus increasing the line losses. In this paper, an improved Su-Do-Ku arrangement that reduces the length of the wire required for the connection is proposed. The system is designed and simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment for various shading patterns and the efficacies of various arrangements are compared. The results prove that the power output is higher in the proposed improved Su-Do- Ku reconfiguration technique compared to the earlier proposed Su-Do-Ku technique.

关键词： array configuration mismatch losses partialshading line losses Su-Do-Ku arrangement

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Practical configured microtremor array measurements(MAMs)for the geological investigation of underground space

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Underground Space 2021年第3期6卷 240-251页

作者： Taeseo Ku Subramaniam Palanidoss Yunhuo Zhang Sung-Woo Moon Xiao Wei Ean Seong Huang Jeyatharan Kumarasamy Kok Hun Goh Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore Geotechnical and Tunnel Division Land Transport AuthoritySingapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nazarbayev UniversityKazakhstan Geosystems Land Transport AuthoritySingapore Infrastructure Design and Land Land Transport AuthoritySingapore

Underground space utilization is becoming increasingly essential for modern metropolitan cities such as Singapore.Mapping a soil/rock interface using traditional borehole investigation methods is expensive and difficult,owing to the numerous physical constraints within a built-up city.Boreholes are often far apart,resulting in many unforeseen ground conditions during subsequent excavation.Geophysical methods are sometimes employed as possible alternatives for fast,economical,and efficient bedrock surveys.The goal of this study is to investigate the practical details of applying microtremor array measurement(MAM)as a non-invasive surface wave survey for mapping soil/rock interfaces in Singapore.Critical configurations in field data acquisition are examined,and practical recommendations for array construction are provided.In addition,30 in situ MAM tests are carried out for two major geological formations in Singapore.From the results,a standard shear wave velocity(V_(s))of 500 m/s is found to be suitable for interpreting the soil/rock interface,for the Bukit Timah Granite and Jurong formations.However,the method does not predict well when soft Kallang formation deposits are present.Other limitations are also discussed in the later parts of this paper.Conclusions and practical recommendations are discussed,providing constructive guidance to the industry.The proposed Vs-based method and associated guidelines and limitations can be used to create a digital geological database and are especially useful for rock profiling in an urban environment.

关键词： array configuration MAM Non-invasive site investigation Soil/rock interface Surface wave survey

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Appraisal of an array TEM Method in Detecting a Mined-Out Area Beneath a Conductive Layer

Appraisal of an Array TEM Method in Detecting a Mined-Out Ar...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）...

作者： HAI LI GUO-QIANG XUE NAN-NAN ZHOU WEI-YING CHEN Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The transient electromagnetic method has been extensively used for the detection of mined-out area in China for the past few years.In the cases that the mined-out area is overlain by a conductive layer,the detection of the target layer is difficult with a traditional loop source TEM method.In order to detect the target layer in this condition,this paper presents a newly developed array TEM method,which uses a grounded wire source.The underground current density distribution and the responses of the grounded wire source TEM configuration are modeled to demonstrate that the target layer is detectable in this condition.The 1D OCCAM inversion routine is applied to the synthetic single station data and common middle point gather.The result reveals that the electric source TEM method is capable of recovering the resistive target layer beneath the conductive overburden.By contrast,the conductive target layer cannot be recovered unless the distance between the target layer and the conductive overburden is large.Compared with inversion result of the single station data,the inversion of common middle point gather can better recover the resistivity of the target layer.Finally,a case study illustrates that the array TEM method is successfully applied in recovering a water-filled mined-out area beneath a conductive overburden.

关键词： transient electromagnetic method array configuration mine-out area OCCAM inversion

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