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THE IMPACT OF SDI ON THE arms race--A SOLUTION OF GAME THEORY

计算物理 1993年第2期10卷 163-169页

作者：李彬杜祥琬北京应用物理和计算数学所北京

The impact of SDT on arms race has been discussed in a model which includes intercontinental ballistic missiles, anti-FCBM satellites and anti-satellite weapons for U.S. and former Soviet Union. It is assumed that each side of U. S. and former Soviet Union wants to reach the biggest retaliatory capability for given expenditure. This problem is considered as a two-person game and the optimal configurations of the three kinds of weapons for both sides is calculated under different conditions. The results show that the SDI can not lead to the transition from an offensive mode to a defensive mode and can not also offer an effective protection against the threat of ICBMs.

关键词： SDI arms race ICBM anti-ICBM satellite ASAT two-person game

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Sexual deception： Coevolution or inescapable exploitation？

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 52-61页

作者： Jussi LEHTONEN Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Division of Evolution Ecology and Genetics Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa

Sexual deception involves the mimicry of another species＇ sexual signals in order to exploit behavioural routines linked to those signals. Known sexually deceptive systems use visual, acoustic or olfactory mimicry to exploit insects for preda- tion, cleptoparasitism and pollination. It is predicted that where sexual deception inflicts a cost on the receiver, a coevolutionary arms race could result in the evolution of discriminating receivers and increasingly refined mimicry. We constructed a conceptual model to understand the importance of trade-offs in the coevolution of sexually deceptive mimic and receiver. Four components examined were： the cost of mimicry, the cost to receiver for being fooled, the density of mimics and the relative magnitude of a mimicry-independent component of fitness. The model predicts that the exploitation of non-discriminating receivers by accurate signal mimicry will evolve as an evolutionary stable strategy under a wide range of the parameter space explored. This is due to the difficulty in minimising the costs of being fooled without incurring the cost of falsely rejecting real mating opportunities. In the model, the evolution of deception is impeded when mimicry imposes substantial costs for both sides of the arms race. Olfac- tory signals that are potentially cheap to produce are therefore likely to be more vulnerable to exploitation than expensive visual ornaments

关键词： Sexual deception Coevolution arms race Model Mimicry Imperfect mimicry

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Cuckoo parasitism on two closely-related Acrocephalus warblers in distant areas:a case of parallel coevolution?

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Chinese Birds 2012年第4期3卷 320-329,342页

作者： Csaba MOSKaT Fugo TAKASU A.Roman MU OZ Hiroshi NAKAMURA Miklós BaN Zoltán BARTA 匈牙利科学院生态学研究组/匈牙利罗兰大学/匈牙利自然历史博物馆日本奈良女子大学信息与计算机科学系西班牙Fundacian MigresN-340Km.96AlgecirasE-11390Cádiz 日本信州大学教育学院生物学系匈牙利德布勒森大学进化动物学系行为生态学研究组

Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus) parasitize nests of small passerines.e Cuckoo chicks cause the death of their nest-mates when evicting eggs or nestlings from the nests;consequently,hosts su er from a high loss of *** adaptations against parasitism,e.g.,by egg discrimination behavior,and cuckoo counter-adaptations to hosts,e.g.,by mimetic eggs,are often regarded as a result of the arms race between the two interacting *** Hungary Great Reed Warblers(Acrocephalus arundinaceus) are the main hosts of cuckoos,su ering from heavy parasitism(ca.40-65%).e Oriental Reed Warbler(***),formerly a subspecies of the Great Reed Warbler(***),is also a highly parasitized host in Japan(25-40%).We compared main characteristics of Cuckoo parasitism in these two distant areas from the Western and Eastern Palearctic by comparing cuckoo egg *** measured color characteristics of host and parasitic eggs by *** modeling revealed lower chromatic distances between Cuckoo and host eggs in Hungary than in Japan,but high variation both in host and Cuckoo eggs may cause matching problems in ***(brightness) di erence between host and Cuckoo eggs were lower in Japan than in Hungary,and it proved to be the most important factor a ecting egg *** rejected Cuckoo eggs at similar frequencies(37% and 35% in Hungary and Japan,respectively).Host adaptation,i.e.,egg rejection behavior,seems to be preceding Cuckoo counter-adaptations to hosts in *** suggest that the Cuckoo-Great/Oriental Reed Warbler relationships developed in alternative ways in Japan and Hungary,and they represent di erent stages of their arms race.

关键词： Acrocephalus arundinaceus Acrocephalus orientalis arms race brood parasitism Cuculus canorus egg discrimination parallel coevolution

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