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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第3期12卷 556-574页

作者： Wenfang He Zhenying Wu Ran Jin Jiaping Liu School of Architecture Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China

Under the global crisis of energy shortage and environmental pollution,the climate responsive strategies used in vernacular buildings have attracted much attention for their potential to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions.However,the relationships between these traditional climatic strategies were not precisely perceived,which may cause the inapplicability of these strategies for contemporary rural houses.In this paper,taking the Turpan vernacular buildings in arid region of China,the climate responsive strategies of buildings in the most significant periods such as the Gaochang period(before 1318),the Khanate and Republican period(1318–1949),the Modern period(1949–2010),and the Contemporary period(2011–present)were summarized.In addition,two different types of climatic strategies organizations,namely multilayer spaces and integrated building envelopes,were identified based on the temperature difference measurement and comparative analysis.The assessment of thermal performance of the organizations was conducted by the methodology of software simulation.Furthermore,the applicability of the organizations in rural areas was discussed,and a new combined organization was proposed.Consequently,this study can contribute to provide the main approaches for climatically responsive rural houses.

关键词： Climate responsive strategy Vernacular building Organization Temperature difference Multilayer space arid

Litter decomposition in fragile ecosystems:A review

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Research in Cold and arid Regions 2022年第3期14卷 151-161页

作者： Hao Qu XueYong Zhao XiaoAn Zuo ShaoKun Wang XuJun Ma Xia Tang XinYuan Wang Eduardo Medina-Roldán Urat Desert-grassland Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Naiman Desertification Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Ecological Environmental Supervision and Administration Bureau of Gansu Province LanzhouGansu 730020China Institute of BioEconomy−National Research Council(IBE-CNR) Sesto Fiorentino 50019Italy

As a linkage between plants and soil,litter decomposition and its effect on nutrient recirculation have an important ecolog‐ical significance as they contribute to soil structure improvement and the restoration of degraded ecosystems.Fragile eco‐systems in arid regions(both hot and cold)are depleted in soil organic matter,and as a result of various factors their circu‐lation of material and energy is slower.Here we discuss how litter decomposition is necessary to maintain the stability of fragile ecosystems.We reviewed research on litter decomposition carried out in arid regions.Our objective in this review is to outline how litter decomposition,and the subsequent buildup of organic matter in soil,is a key process determining the stability of fragile ecosystems.Our review shows that existing studies have focused on the influence of single ecologi‐cal factors on litter decomposition and nutrient cycling,and highlights how the exploration of interactions among factors determining litter decomposition is still lacking.This interaction is a key aspect,since in the real world,decomposition and nutrient return to soil of litter products is affected by multiple factors.We propose a network setup on a cross-regional scale using standardized methods(e.g.,the tea bag method)to understand litter decomposition and nutrient return in frag‐ile ecosystems.Such a unique network could contribute to establish predictive models suitable for litter decomposition and nutrient return in these areas,and thus could provide theoretical and practical support for regional ecological protec‐tion and high-quality development.

关键词： litter mass loss fragile ecosystems arid semi-arid hot-deserts cold-deserts

Evaluation of the SMOS and SMAP soil moisture products under different vegetation types against two sparse in situ networks over arid mountainous watersheds, Northwest China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第4期62卷 703-718页

作者： Lanhui ZHANG Chansheng HE Mingmin ZHANG Yi ZHU Key Laboratory of West China’s Environmental System (Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Department of Geography Western Michigan University

Assessment of the suitability of satellite soil moisture products at large scales is urgently needed for numerous climatic and hydrological researches, particularly in arid mountainous watersheds where soil moisture plays a key role in landatmosphere exchanges. This study presents evaluation of the SMOS(L2) and SMAP(L2_P_E and L2_P) products against ground-based observations from the Upstream of the Heihe River Watershed in situ Soil Moisture Network(UHRWSMN) and the Ecological and Hydrological Wireless Sensor Network(EHWSN) over arid high mountainous watersheds, Northwest China.Results show that all the three products are reliable in catching the temporal trend of the in situ observations at both point and watershed scales in the study area. Due to the uncertainty in brightness temperature and the underestimation of effective temperature, the SMOS L2 product and both the SMAP L2 products show "dry bias" in the high, cold mountainous area. Because of the more accurate brightness temperature observations viewing at a constant angle and more suitable estimations of single scattering albedo and optical depth, both the SMAP L2 products performed significantly better than the SMOS product.Moreover, comparing with station density of in situ network, station representation is much more important in the evaluation of the satellite soil moisture products. Based on our analysis, we propose the following suggestions for improvement of the SMOS and SMAP product suitability in the mountainous areas: further optimization of effective temperature; revision of the retrieval algorithm of the SMOS mission to reduce the topographic impacts; and, careful selection of in situ observation stations for better representation of in situ network in future evaluations. All these improvements would lead to better applicability of the SMOS and SMAP products for soil moisture estimation to the high elevation and topographically complex mountainous areas in arid regions.

关键词： SMOS SMAP Evaluation Different vegetation types Sparse in situ networks arid mountainous watershed

Soil aggregation and aggregate-associated organic carbon under typical natural halophyte communities in arid saline areas of Northwest China

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Pedosphere 2020年第2期30卷 236-243页

作者： Zhibo CHENG Jingya WANG William JGALE Haichang YANG Fenghua ZHANG College of Agronomy Shihezi UniversityXinjiang 832003China Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Shihezi UniversityXinjiang 832003China

Information on the effects of halophyte communities on soil organic carbon(SOC)is useful for sequestrating C in arid regions.In this study,we identified four typical natural halophyte communities in the Manasi River Basin in Xinjiang Province,Northeast China,namely,Karelinia caspia(Pall.)Less.,Bassia dasyphylla(Fisch.et C.A.Mey.)Kuntze,Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.)Bunge,and Tamarix ramosissima Lour.We compared soil aggregation and aggregated-associated SOC under these communities.The aggregate fraction of 0.053–0.25 mm accounted for 47%–75%of the total soil mass,significantly more than the>0.25 and0.25 mm aggregates(13.3%–43.8%)and T.ramosissima community having more0.25 mm fraction,followed by theT.ramosissima(4.9 g kg^-1)>K.caspia(4.2 g kg^-1)>B.dasyphylla(3.4 g kg^-1).The H.ammodendron community had the highest total SOC and aggregate-associated SOC,which was primarily because aggregate-associated SOC content at the 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths under this community were higher than those under other plant communities.The H.ammodendron community could be beneficial for increasing SOC in saline soils in the arid region.

关键词： arid regions C sequestration soil aggregates soil organic C saline soils

The chromatin remodeling complex imitation of switch controls stamen filament elongation by promoting jasmonic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第2期48卷 123-133页

作者： Youshang Zhao Ting Jiang Lei Li Xiaotuo Zhang Tianyu Yang Cuimei Liu Jinfang Chu Binglian Zheng State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China National Centre for Plant Gene Research(Beijing) Innovation Academy for Seed DesignInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039China

Plant reproduction requires the coordinated development of both male and female reproductive organs.Jasmonic acid(JA)plays an essential role in stamen filament elongation.However,the mechanism by which the JA biosynthesis genes are regulated to promote stamen elongation remains unclear.Here,we show that the chromatin remodeling complex Imitation of Switch(ISWI)promotes stamen filament elongation by regulating JA biosynthesis.We show that AT-Rich Interacting Domain 5(arid5)interacts with CHR11,CHR17,and RLT1,several known subunits of ISWI.Mutations in arid5 and RLTs caused a reduced seed set due to greatly shortened stamen filaments.RNA-seq analyses reveal that the expression of key genes responsible for JA biosynthesis is significantly down-regulated in the arid5 and rlt mutants.Consistently,the JA levels are drastically decreased in both arid5 and rlt mutants.Chromatin immunoprecipitationquantitative PCR analyses further show that arid5 is recruited to the chromatin of JA biosynthesis genes.Importantly,exogenous JA treatments can fully rescue the defects of stamen filament elongation in both arid5 and rlt mutants,leading to the partial recovery of fertility.Our results provide a clue how JA biosynthesisis positively regulated by the chromatin remodeling complex ISWI,thereby promoting stamen filament elongation in Arabidopsis.

关键词： arid Chromatin remodeling ISWI Stamen filaments Jasmonate biosynthesis

Climate change, water resources and sustainable development in the arid and semi-arid lands of Central Asia in the past 30 years

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Journal of arid Land 2019年第1期11卷 1-14页

作者： YU Yang PI Yuanyue YU Xiang TA Zhijie SUN Lingxiao Markus DISSE ZENG Fanjiang LI Yaoming CHEN Xi YU Ruide Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Forestry State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chair of Hydrology and River Basin Management Technical University of Munich School of Environment and Material Science Yantai University

The countries of Central Asia are collectively known as the five "-stans": Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. In recent times, the Central Asian region has been affected by the shrinkage of the Aral Sea, widespread desertification, soil salinization, biodiversity loss, frequent sand storms, and many other ecological disasters. This paper is a review article based upon the collection, identification and collation of previous studies of environmental changes and regional developments in Central Asia in the past 30 years. Most recent studies have reached a consensus that the temperature rise in Central Asia is occurring faster than the global average. This warming trend will not only result in a higher evaporation in the basin oases, but also to a significant retreat of glaciers in the mountainous areas. Water is the key to sustainable development in the arid and semi-arid regions in Central Asia. The uneven distribution, over consumption, and pollution of water resources in Central Asia have caused severe water supply problems, which have been affecting regional harmony and development for the past 30 years. The widespread and significant land use changes in the 1990 s could be used to improve our understanding of natural variability and human interaction in the region. There has been a positive trend of trans-border cooperation among the Central Asian countries in recent years. International attention has grown and research projects have been initiated to provide water and ecosystem protection in Central Asia. However, the agreements that have been reached might not be able to deliver practical action in time to prevent severe ecological disasters. Water management should be based on hydrographic borders and ministries should be able to make timely decisions without political intervention. Fully integrated management of water resources, land use and industrial development is essential in Central Asia. The ecological crisis should provide sufficient motivation to reach a consensus on u

关键词： Central Asia climate change water resources arid and semi-arid lands land use changes sustainable development socio-economic development

Influence of climate change and human activity on water resources in arid region of Northwest China: An overview

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2017年第4期8卷 268-278页

作者： WANG Yu-Jie QIN Da-He School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Northwest Regional Climate Center Lanzhou 730020 China China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

This study reviews the latest progress in research on climate change and water resources in the arid region of Northwest China, analyzes the cause of water resource changes within the region from the perspective of climate change and human activities, and summarizes future likely changes in water resources and associated adaptation strategies. The research shows that the climate in the region has experienced warming and wetting with the most significant warming in winter and the highest increase in summer precipitation since 1961. Areas with the most significant warming trends include the Qaidam Basin, the Yili River Valley, and Tacheng. Spatially, the increasing trend in precipitation becomes increasingly significant from the southeast to the northwest, and northern Xinjiang experienced the highest increase. Studies have shown a decrease in headwater of Shiyang River because runoff is mainly based on precipitation which shows a decrease trend. But an increase in western rivers was observed such as Tarim River and Shule River as well as Heihe River due to rapid glacier shrinkage and snowmelt as well as precipitation increase in mountain area. Meanwhile unreasonable human activities resulted in decrease of runoff in the middle and lower reaches of Haihe River, Shiyang River and Kaidu River. Finally, recommendations for future studies are suggested that include characteristics of changes in extreme weather events and their impacts on water resources, projections of future climate and water resource changes, climate change attribution, the selection of adaptation strategies relating to climate change and social economic activities, and use of scientific methods to quantitatively determine water resource allocation.

关键词： arid region of Northwest China Climate change Water resource Human activity Adaption strategy

Carbon isotope and environmental changes in lakes in arid Northwest China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第8期62卷 1193-1206页

作者： Weiguo LIU Xiangzhong LI Zheng WANG Huangye WANG Hu LIU Bo ZHANG Huan ZHANG Institute of Earth Environment CASState Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary GeologyXi’an 710061China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The stable carbon isotope composition(δ13 C) of lacustrine sediments, which can record changes in past environmental conditions such as the C4/C3 terrestrial vegetation composition, has been widely used for the reconstruction of terrestrial ecosystems and global climate changes. It has also been widely used in paleolimnological studies in arid northwestern China. In recent years, however, an increasing number of studies have enriched the environmental significance reflected by the stable carbon isotope geochemistry of lakes;therefore, the interpretation of lake δ13 C variations in paleoenvironmental reconstructions should be carefully evaluated from various aspects. In this paper, previous studies from the past several decades on the lacustrineδ13 C variations in arid northwestern China were reviewed, and the possible mechanisms of the δ13 C variations were discussed.Our study will provide a reference for the application of carbon isotope geochemistry in paleoenvironmental reconstructions.

关键词： Carbon isotope Lake arid region of northwestern China Total organic carbon Organic biomarkers

Increasing efficiency of atriums in hot,arid zones

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2019年第3期8卷 284-302页

作者： Vijayantha Vethanayagam Bassam Abu-Hijleh Faculty of Engineering and IT The British University in DubaiDubaiUnited Arab Emirates

This research evaluated the efficiency of Atrium in hot,arid regions and investigated the parameters influencing the total energy consumption of an existing shopping mall in Dubai,UAE using the IES-VE energy modeling software.The parameters tested included:Roof profile,Roof ventilation,Number of floors,glazing’s Light to Solar Gain ratio(LSG)and the Thermal insulation of the building envelope.The impact of using light sensors was also studied.The light sensors and the roof’s thermal insulation resulted in the highest reduction of the atrium’s energy,8.5%and 7.5%,respectively.Increasing the number of floors reduced the energy consumption by 5%per unit area.The roof profile,external wall’s thermal insulation and height of the atrium resulted in similar energy reductions of 3.5%each.The external glazing’s LSG reduced the energy consumption by 3.25%while the roof ventilation resulted in a reduction of 1.3%.The internal glazing’s LSG did not affect the atrium’s total energy consumption.An optimal combination of the parameters studies resulted in an energy reduction of about 20%.Thus,this paper presents the optimal design configuration to reduce the energy consumption of an atrium located in a hot and arid climate.

关键词： Atrium Hot arid Energy efficiency Computer simulation

Continental drift, plateau uplift, and the evolutions of monsoon and arid regions in Asia, Africa, and Australia during the Cenozoic

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第7期62卷 1053-1075页

作者： Xiaodong LIU Buwen DONG Zhi-Yong YIN Robin S.SMITH Qingchun GUO State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences National Centre for Atmospheric Science University of Reading Department of Environmental & Ocean Sciences University of San Diego School of Environment and Planning Liaocheng University

Monsoon and arid regions in the Asia-Africa-Australia(A-A-A) realm occupy more than 60% of the total area of these continents. Geological evidence showed that significant changes occurred to the A-A-A environments of the monsoon and arid regions, the land-ocean configuration in the Eastern Hemisphere, and the topography of the Tibetan Plateau(TP) in the Cenozoic. Motivated by this background, numerical experiments for 5 typical geological periods during the Cenozoic were conducted using a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model to systemically explore the formations and evolutionary histories of the Cenozoic A-A-A monsoon and arid regions under the influences of continental drift and plateau uplift. Results of the numerical experiments indicate that the timings and causes of the formations of monsoon and arid regions in the A-A-A realm were very different. The northern and southern African monsoons existed during the mid-Paleocene, while the South Asian monsoon appeared in the Eocene after the Indian Subcontinent moved into the tropical Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, the East Asian monsoon and northern Australian monsoon were established much later in the Miocene. The establishment of the tropical monsoons in northern and southern Africa, South Asia, and Australia were determined by both the continental drift and seasonal migration of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ), while the position and height of the TP were the key factor for the establishment of the East Asian monsoon. The presence of the subtropical arid regions in northern and southern Africa,Asia, and Australia depended on the positions of the continents and the control of the planetary scale subtropical high pressure zones, while the arid regions in the Arabian Peninsula and West Asia were closely related to the retreat of the Paratethys Sea. The formation of the mid-latitude arid region in the Asian interior, on the other hand, was the consequence of the uplift of the TP.These results from this study provide insight to the import

关键词： Cenozoic Monsoon region arid region Continental drift Tibetan Plateau uplift Climate simulation