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Multi-scale high-throughput phenotyping of apple architectural and functional traits in orchard reveals genotypic variability under contrasted watering regimes

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1015-1029页

作者： Aude Coupel-Ledru Benoit Pallas Magalie Delalande Frederic Boudon Emma Carrie Sebastien Martinez Jean-Luc Regnard Evelyne Costes UMR AGAP Univ MontpellierCIRADINRAMontpellier SupAgro34398 Montpellier Cedex 5France CIRAD 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5France University of Bristol School of Biological SciencesLife Science Building24 Tyndall AvenueBristol BS81TQUK

Despite previous reports on the genotypic variation of architectural and functional traits in fruit trees,phenotyping large populations in the field remains *** this study,we used high-throughput phenotyping methods on an apple tree core-collection(1000 individuals)grown under contrasted watering ***,architectural phenotyping was achieved using T-LiDAR scans for estimating convex and alpha hull volumes and the silhouette to total leaf area ratio(STAR).Second,a semi-empirical index(IPL)was computed from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements,as a proxy for leaf ***,thermal infrared and multispectral airborne imaging was used for computing canopy temperature variations,water deficit,and vegetation *** traits estimated by these methods were compared to low-throughput in planta *** indices and alpha hull volumes were significantly correlated with tree leaf area and trunk cross sectional area,while IPL values showed strong correlations with photosynthesis measurements collected on an independent leaf *** contrast,correlations between stomatal conductance and canopy temperature estimated from airborne images were lower,emphasizing discrepancies across measurement *** heritability values were obtained for almost all the traits except leaf photosynthesis,likely due to large intra-tree *** means were used in a clustering procedure that defined six classes of architectural and functional *** between groups showed several combinations between architectural and functional traits,suggesting independent genetic *** study demonstrates the feasibility and relevance of combining multi-scale high-throughput methods and paves the way to explore the genetic bases of architectural and functional variations in woody crops in field conditions.

关键词： architectural traits functional

Development　of　welding　technique　in　architectural　and　construction　industry　in　China

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China Welding 1994年第2期3卷 115-122页

作者： ZHOU Wenying and ZHANG Youquan(General Building and Construction Research Institute of Metallurgy Industry Ministry,Beijing (100088)

This paper presents the achievements in welding technique for the large industrial buildings and structures in China, including the welding of furnaces,kilns,pots,tanks and pipes, the welding of steel construction of industrial building,high-storied building, gymnasium and steel construction of highway bridge. It mainly cites the new efficient and high-quality processes, equipments and materials used in fabricating typical up-to-date construction projects. The paper discusses the prospects for the technical development in welding materials, process and equipments as per usual requirements of architectural and construction industries.

关键词： Development welding technique and construction architectural industry China

Instructors'perspectives on the pedagogy of architectural graduation projects:A qualitative study

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2019年第3期8卷 415-427页

作者： Mohammed Ghonim Nehad Eweda Department of architectural Engineering Faculty of EngineeringCairo UniversityCairoEgypt

In architectural education,graduation projects represent the transition from academia to the profession,and they are the courses that encourage architecture students to demonstrate the knowledge acquired and the skills developed throughout the educational *** study aims to explore the instructors’perspectives on improving the pedagogy of architectural graduation *** achieve this aim,this study has adopted a qualitative method,applied analytical and deductive methodologies,and conducted a survey among 44 academic architects from architectural schools *** paper is structured into three *** first section provides an overview of the topic and its current related *** second section introduces the survey,its methods,tools,and procedures,and the participants’*** third section presents the qualitative survey findings and their *** conclusions of this study confirm the results of some previous *** conclusions contradict common practices related to graduation projects,but the original approaches have been *** importance of this study inherits the relevance of adopting these courses;that is,for educators and employers to assess the extent to which graduates have acquired the competence necessary to practice architecture.

关键词： architectural education Design education Graduation projects Enrollment criteria Teaching techniques Evaluation methods

Nondestructive inspection of a brick-timber structure in a modern architectural heritage building:Lecture hall of the Anyuan Miners' Club,China

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2019年第3期8卷 348-358页

作者： Jian Jiao Qiuling Xia Fei Shi School of Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjingChina Jiangsu Southeast University Testing and Inspection Technology Company NanjingChina

Detailed survey and inspection of the structure of the lecture hall of the Anyuan Miners’Club were conducted during a restoration *** inspection measures were used to assess the physical and mechanical conditions of the *** brick and wood structures of the building were tested,the overall bearing capacity was calculated,and a safety appraisal was conducted in accordance with the codes and standards of the existing *** results provide architects and construction engineers with reliable data to develop a preservation plan and ensure the safety of the heritage building.

关键词： Modern architectural heritage Brick-timber structure In situ assessment Nondestructive inspection Safety appraisal

Applying design science approach to architectural design development

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2020年第1期9卷 216-235页

作者： Rania Aburamadan Claudia Trillo School of Architecture University of PhiladelphiaAmmanJordan School of Built Environment University of SalfordLancashireUK

Unlike research methods for social and positivist sciences,those for architectural design lack a discipline-specific conceptual *** science aims at producing outcomes for future use and therefore needs a robust methodological approach that encompasses different techniques and methods supporting an evidence-based architectural design *** study suggests that design science can be successfully applied to architectural design development and provides architects and designers with a powerful tool bridging the gap between research and *** so doing,this study explores the application of design science to implement a user-centered design approach.A design challenge is reframed within the robust framework of design science by referring to a case study on refugee *** traditional method by which shelter optimization is pursued by designers is questioned by involving the final users through an ethnographic approach within the framework of design *** design outcome produced through this process is a list of specifications allowing designers to create different architectural solutions and matching the requirements expressed by future *** authors argue that a user-centered design outcome can be achieved and validated through design science.

关键词： Design science architectural design research methodology User-centered design Refugee shelter

Emotional evaluation of architectural interior forms based on personality differences using virtual reality

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2020年第1期9卷 138-147页

作者： Maryam Banaei Ali Ahmadi Klaus Gramann Javad Hatami School of Architecture and Environmental Design Iran University of Science and TechnologyTehranIran Faculty of Computer Engineering K.N.Toosi UniversityTehranIran Department of Psychology and Ergonomics Biological Psychology and NeuroergonomicsBerlin Institute of TechnologyBerlinGermany Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCAUSA School of Software University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia Department of Psychology University of TehranTehranIran

Recent studies have shown that architectural interior forms could impact the affective state of ***,the direct relation of specific forms with specific affective states is difficult to *** addition,no systematic categorization of architectural forms and their relation to emotional states *** investigation of the impact of architectural features on inhabitants'emotions is further complicated by the use of two-dimensional images of forms in laboratory investigations,which cannot perceive real-world ***,the interior form consists of a combination of different forms rather than only pure forms,which was considered in previous *** study aimed to rill these gaps by evaluating interior forms on the basis of clustering different images of built living rooms throughout history as well as their impact on *** study used pleasure,arousal,and dominance ratings with an emphasis on individual differences in *** sample rooms were created based on formal clusters of architectural *** showed a relationship between forms and emotional states for different personality *** work provided a novel approach on the influence of architecture on emotion by considering systematic form categorization and combinations,personality differences,and a virtual reality setup.

关键词： architectural interior form PAD Self-assessment manikin Personality Virtual reality

Correction to:A 30-year controversy over the Shanghai East China Electric Power Building:the creation and conservation of late 20th century Chinese architectural heritage

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Built Heritage 2021年第3期5卷 34-35页

作者： Jiawei Liu Xiahong Hua College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji University1239 Siping RoadYangpu DistrictShanghai 200092China

Correction to:Built Heritage 5,1(2021)https://***/10.1186/s43238-021-00020-2 In the original publication of this article(Liu and Hua 2021),the footnote 6 is missing in the PDF version of the article,the footnote 6 is as *** original publication has been *** 6:The major architectural journals,including World Architecture(Shijie jianzhu),The Architect(Jianzhushi),New Architecture(Xin jianzhu)and Time+Architecture(Shidai jianzhu),published nearly 300 translations during the *** famous one translations that originally appeared as serial articles in The Architect were shortly after reprinted into a book series‘The Architect Series’(Jianzhushi congshu).

关键词： architectural Power translation

Digital and physical materiality in contemporary architectural design: A material engagement approach

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2022年第4期11卷 591-593页

作者： Kostas Grigoriadis Kare Stokholm Poulsgaard Hao Hua Bartlett School of Architecture University College LondonLondonWC1H 0QBUK 3XN Architects and GXN Innovation Copenhagen1437Denmark School of Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjing210096China

*** research and contemporary design practice architectural research is increasingly recognised as a field in its own right,with its particular approaches and generated knowledge(Frayling,1994;Archer,1995;Menges and Ahlquist,2011;Henschel and Nilsson,2015;Burry and the scientific and technical into its subject what sets it Burry,2016;Oxman,2017).Although often incorporating apart from science,however,is its vital link to design *** connection makes it not only intrinsically linked to its,specific site of,production,but also to constantly evolving software,fabrication tools and forms of materiality that have cometo be incorporated into thecore of the,design,process.,As a,result of this,materials research,machine learning,advanced simulation,and robotic fabrication,to name some examples,are some of the tools that inform architecture today.

关键词： architectural comet material

architectural Idea of "Panoramic View" and "Ecological" Landscaping Consciousness in Yanshan Garden

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Journal of Landscape Research 2010年第5期2卷 5-8页

作者：高刘巍北京林业大学人文学院北京100083

WANG Shi-zhen,the scholar in Ming Dynasty,has been studied by followers of many *** remarkable achievements in literature,history,painting and even opera have been much learnt,but his contributions to gardening have been rarely *** Yanshan Garden as the material carrier of WANG's gardening achievements is worthy of further *** Garden is the representative of private gardens owned by scholars and officials in Ming Dynasty,enjoying the fame of "City Forest".Either from garden construction,including natural landscapes,architectural landscapes as well as animal and plant landscapes,or from gardening thoughts and theories,Yanshan Garden has its own outstanding and particular *** reviewing On Yanshan Garden,this study elaborated the architectural idea of "panoramic view" and "ecological" landscaping consciousness in Yanshan Garden,which supplemented the blank page in this field and provided support for future studies.

关键词： WANG Shi-zhen Yanshan Garden architectural view "Ecological" landscaping