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arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots enhances plant biomass,phosphorus uptake and concentration of root secondary metabolites

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第2期6卷 186-194页

作者： HongLing LIU Yong TAN Monika NELL Karin ZITTER-EGLSEER Chris WAWSCRAH Brigitte KOPP ShaoMing WANG Johannes NOVAK Normal College Shihezi University Institute of Applied Botany University of Veterinary Medicine College of Pharmacy Shihezi University College of Life Sciences Shihezi University

arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi penetrate the cortical cells of the roots of vascular plants, and are widely distributed in soil. The formation of these symbiotic bodies accelerates the absorption and utilization of min- eral elements, enhances plant resistance to stress, boosts the growth of plants, and increases the survival rate of transplanted seedlings. We studied the effects of various arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi on the growth and devel- opment of licorice （Glycyrrhiza glabra）. Several species of AM, such as Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, and a mixture of fungi （G. mosseae, G intraradices, G. cladoideum, G microagregatum, G caledonium and G. etunica- tum） were used in our study. Licorice growth rates were determined by measuring the colonization rate of the plants by the fungi, plant dry biomass, phosphorus concentration and concentration of secondary metabolites. We estab- lished two cloned strains of licorice, clone 3 （C3） and clone 6 （C6） to exclude the effect of genotypic variations. Our results showed that the AM fungi could in fact increase the leaf and root biomass, as well as the phosphorus con- centration in each clone. Furthermore, AM fungi significantly increased the yield of certain secondary metabolites in clone 3. Our study clearly demonstrated that AM fungi play an important role in the enhancement of growth and development of licorice plants. There was also a significant improvement in the secondary metabolite content and yield of medicinal compounds from the roots.

关键词： licorice arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi phosphorus medical compounds

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Root symbionts： Powerful drivers of plant above- and belowground indirect defenses

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 947-960页

作者： Sergio Rasmann Alison Bennett Arjen Biere Alison Karley Emilio Guerrieri Institute of Biology University of Neuchatel Neuchatel Switzerland Department of Ecological Sciences James Hutton Institute Dundee UK Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen the Netherlands Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection National Research Council of Italy Portici Italy

Soil microbial mutualists of plants, including mycorrhizal ftmgi, non- mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, have been typically characterized for increasing nutrient acquisition and plant growth. More recently, soil microbes have also been shown to increase direct plant defense against above- and below- ground herbivores. Plants, however, do not only rely on direct defenses when attacked, but they can also recruit pest antagonists such as predators and parasitoids, both above and belowground, mainly via the release of volatile organic compounds （i.e., indirect defenses）. In this review, we illustrate the main features and effects of soil microbial mutualists of plants on plant indirect defenses and discuss possible applications within the framework of sustainable crop protection against root- and shoot-feeding arthropod pests. We indicate the main knowledge gaps and the future challenges to be addressed in the study and application of these rnultifaceted interactions.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi crop protection entomopathogenic nematodes plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Trichoderma

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arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal association in Asteraceae plants growing in the arid lands of Saudi Arabia

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第5期7卷 676-686页

作者： Partha P DHAR Abdul A AL-QARAWI Mohammed A U MRIDHA Plant Production Department College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University

The present research was undertaken to explor the possibility of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） associa- tion with Asteraceae plants in the arid lands of Saudi Arabia （AI-Ghat, Buraydah, Thumamah and Huraymila）. AM fungal colonization in the roots, spore numbers in the rhizosphere soil, fungal species diversity and correlation between AM properties and soil properties were determined. The highest colonization was in Conyza bonariensis （65%） from AI-Ghat, Anthemis cotula （52%） from Buraydah and C. bonariensis （53%） from Thumamah. The lowest was in Vernonia schimperi （41%） from AI-Ghat, Pulicaria undulata （25%） from Buraydah, Acanthospermum his- pidum （34%） from Thumamah, Asteriscus graveolens （22%） and V. schimperi （22%） from Huraymila. Vesicular and arbuscular colonization were also presented in all plant species examined. The number of spores were 112-207 in AI-Ghat, 113-133 in Buraydah, 87-148 in Thumamah and 107-158 in Huraymila. Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, G. fasciculatum and G aggregatum were identified. Relative frequency of AM fungal species varied widely and was irrespective of location and plant species. Diversity index varied with the rhizosphere soils of dif- ferent plant species at various locations. Soil properties varied with locations and no distinct correlations were ob- served among the soil properties, root colonization and the number of spores. The results of the present study specified the association of AM fungi in different plants of Asteraceae and its significance in the ecological func- tioning of annual plants in the punitive environments of the rangelands in Saudi Arabia.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi arid land Asteraceae biodiversity colonization Saudi Arabia

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mycorrhizal colonization of chenopods and its influencing factors in different saline habitats, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第1期9卷 143-152页

作者： ZHAO Yinan YU Hongqing ZHANG Tao GUO Jixun Institute of Grassland Science Northeast Normal University Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of EducationChangchun 130024 China

Chenopodiaceae is one of the most important families in arid and saline environments. Several studies have observed the mycorrhizal structure in Chenopodiaceae plants（i.e., chenopods）, but the mycorrhizal colonization status of chenopods in saline habitats and the influencing factors are still not well understood. The mycorrhizal colonization of twenty chenopod species in three different saline habitats（a saline alkaline meadow in the Songnen Plain of northeastern China, a saline desert in the Junggar Basin of northwestern China, and a saline alpine meadow in the Tibetan Plateau of western China） and the chenopod-associated environmental factors（including soil moisture, soil available phosphorous（P） concentration, pH, and salt content） were analyzed. Our results showed that approximately 60% of the studied chenopods were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungi with a colonization percentage ranging from 5% to 33%. Structural analysis of mycorrhizal association indicated that vesicles were quite common, while arbuscules and hyphal coils were relatively rare. In addition, a positive correlation between mycorrhizal colonization rate and soil electrical conductivity（r=0.920, P〈0.01） and two negative correlations of mycorrhizal colonization rates with soil moisture（r= –0.818, P〈0.01） and the soil available P concentration（r= –0.876, P〈0.01） confirmed that mycorrhizal colonization rate in the roots of chenopods was environment-dependent.

关键词： adaptation arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Chenopodiaceae salinization restoration

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Coinoculation of bioinoculants improve Acacia auriculiformis seedling growth and quality in a tropical Alfisol soil

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第3期29卷 660-670页

作者： Thangavelu Muthukumar Karuthamuthu Udaiyan Root and Soil Biology Laboratory Department of BotanyBharathiar University

We conducted a study to find out if arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi(Acaulospora scrobiculata,Scutellospora calospora) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB, Paenibacillus polymyxa) inoculation either individually or in combinations can improve Acacia auriculiformis seedling growth, uptake of nutrients and quality in a phosphorus deficient tropical Alfisol. The seedlings were assessed for various growth and nutrient uptake parameters after 60 days of treatment. Inoculation with *** stimulated mycorrhizal formation. Seedling height, stem girth, taproot length, number of leaves and leaf area, plant dry matter production, nodulation, and nodular dry weight were significantly higher for seedlings that were either dual inoculated or triple inoculated compared to individual inoculation of AM fungi or PSB, and uninoculated seedlings. Dual and triple application of AM fungi and PSB also significantly improved the nutrient contents of shoots and roots and nutrient uptake efficiencies. The calculated seedling quality indexes of the AM fungi and PSB inoculated seedling were 25–208% higher than uninoculated seedlings. These findings show that *** seedlings when dual inoculated or triple inoculated performed better than seedlings inoculated with the microbes individually and compared with uninoculated control seedlings. We conclude that bioinoculation is important for the production of high-quality *** seedlings in tree nurseries for planting in nutrient deficient soils.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Nutrient uptake efficiency Paenibacillus polymyxa Relative field mycorrhizal dependency Seedling quality

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mycorrhizal Fungal Effects on Growth,Antioxidant Capacity,and Medicine Quality of Paris polyphylla ***

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第3期90卷 747-759页

作者： Nong Zhou Lingfeng Xu Min Yang Dongqin Guo Qiuxia Gan Jingjing Zhao Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Green Planting and Deep Processing of Famous-region Drug in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqing404120China College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Dali UniversityDali671000China 不详

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of two commercial strains composed of mulple arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)species on plant growth,antioxidant capacity,and medicine quality of Paris polyphylla *** in three subtropical soils from Wanzhou,Anshun and Baoshan in *** results showed that AMF inoculation enhanced the fungal colonization rate and activities of both succinate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase,thereby,enhancing the mycorrhizal viability of *** *** concentrations of photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a,b,a+b and carotenoids),soluble sugar,soluble protein and photosynthetic capacity were higher in AMF-inoculated plants than in non-AMF-treated plants in *** plants recorded higher activities of catalase,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase,and caused the reduction in malondialdehyde content,indicating lower oxidative damage,compared with non-AMF *** I,Polyphyllin II,Polyphyllin III,Polyphyllin IV and total polyphyllin contents were increased by AMF *** conclusion,AMF improved the plant growth,antioxidant capacity and medicinal quality of *** *** ***,AMF effects on the soil from Wanzhou was relatively greater than on other soils.

关键词： Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi growth and development medicine quality

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Plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizae under elevated temperature and drought

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 692-701页

作者： Phyllis H.Pischl Nicholas A.Barber Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA Institute for the Study of the Environment Sustainabilityand EnergyNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA

Aims Climate change is predicted to cause both increased temperatures and changes in precipitation,leading to more severe droughts in some *** these changes will affect plant growth may depend in part on biotic *** vascular plants form symbiotic rela-tionships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),root symbionts that provide soil nutrients to plants in exchange for carbohydrates,which may reduce the effects of environmental stresses on *** investigated if AMF modified temperature and drought effects on plant growth,fitness and defenses against *** We manipulated AMF presence,temperature and water availability on bell pepper plants(Capsicum annuum L.)in a field setting to measure plant growth and fitness *** a growth chamber experiment,we also investigated if AMF influenced insect herbi-vores feeding on plants at elevated *** findings Drought consistently reduced plant growth,and AMF did not change drought ***,with sufficient water,AMF tended to benefit plant growth and flower production(but not fruit production)compared to non-mycorrhizal *** the growth chamber,temperature and AMF influenced plant protein and phos-phorus contents,but not defensive chemistry or herbivore ***,AMF may ameliorate the effects of temperature stress due to climate change on plants by increasing growth and nutrient content,but these effects do not extend to the constitutive herbivory defenses examined here.

关键词： aboveground-belowground arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi climate change drought herbivore indirect effects

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Microbiological biostimulant promotes rooting of olive cuttings

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第6期14卷 207-212页

作者： Giovana Ritter Fabíola Villa Daniel Fernandes da Silva Odair Alberton Fernanda Jaqueline Menegusso Tatiane Eberling Joyce Dória Western ParanáState University(Unioeste) Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon.Marechal Cândido RondonPR85960-000Brazil Paranaense University(UNIPAR) UmuaramaPR87502-210Brazil Federal University of Lavras LavrasMG37200-000Brazil

The most widely used method of olive propagation is cutting,although for some cultivars the technique is still *** objective of this work was to evaluate the use of plant growth promoter bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rooting of olive *** experiments were conducted from October 2017 to January 2018 with cuttings from 4 olive cultivars(Ascolano 315,Koroneiki,Maria da Féand Picual)from four-year-old *** first experiment consisted of 4 olive cultivars and 3 mycorrhizal species plus the control and the second experiment of 3 concentrations of commercial inoculant(Nitro1000®),containing Azospirillum brasilense plus *** cuttings were treated with 3000 mg/L of indolebutyric acid(IBA).The experimental design used in the two experiments was randomized blocks,in a 4×4 factorial scheme,containing 25 stakes per replicate and 3 *** cuttings were kept under weaver conditions and within a low rooting *** 75 d,the percentage of rooted cuttings,callus and sprouts,length of the largest root,number and length of shoots were *** use of FMA in Maria da Féand Picual has a positive response to cutting rooting and the fungi benefit the quality of the seedlings by the higher number of shoots and larger root *** relation of Azospirillum brasilense cultivar is specific,being that,the cultivar Picual does not respond to inoculation of the bacterium having less viability in the propagation by *** da Féand Koroneiki have the best percentages of rooting with the use of 75.00 and 52.00 mL/L of inoculant,respectively.

关键词： Azospirillum brasilense arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Propagation Olea europaea L. microorganism

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Mycorrhizas Affect Polyphyllin Accumulation of Paris polyphylla *** through Promoting PpSE Expression

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第5期90卷 1535-1547页

作者： Hailing Li Lingfeng Xu Zhuowei Li Shunxin Zhao Dongqin Guo Lu Rui Nong Zhou Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Green Planting and Deep Processing of Famous-Region Drug in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqing404120China College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dali UniversityDali671000China

Paris polyphylla *** is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant,in which polyphyllin as the main medicinal component is an important secondary metabolite with *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)have multiple positive effects on plants,while it is not clear whether AMF increase the content of medicinal components in medicinal *** this study,a total of nine AMF treatments were laid to analyze the mycorrhizal effect on polyphyllin accumulation and PpHMGR and PpSE expression of *** *** increased the content of polyphyllin in the cultivated variety with low relation to the increase of inoculation *** I,II,and VII were identified and partly improved by AMF inoculation,dependent on AMF treatments and culture ***,the PpHMGR and PpSE expression was induced by mycorrhization,dependent on AMF species,whilst the induction was more obvious in PpSE than in PpHMGR after *** concluded that the symbiotic relationship between *** *** and AMF increased polyphyllin content level in the plant,which was associated with the up-regulation of PpSE transcripts.

关键词： Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Polyphyllin 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase(HMGR) squalene epoxidase(SE)

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Formation and functions of arbuscular mycorrhizae in coastal wetland ecosystems:A review

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2022年第1期8卷 310-323页

作者： Xing-Qiang Wang Yan-Hong Wang Yao-Bin Song Ming Dong Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina

Context:Coastal wetlands are ecotones interspaced by land and ocean and are among the most sensitive and vulnerable ecosystems *** are unique in hydrological,edaphic,atmospheric,and biological characteristics,and play important roles in maintaining the ecological security and ecosystem services of coastal *** mycorrhizae(AM)are symbiont composed of plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),which are soilborne microorganisms widely distributed in various *** previous studies on mycorrhiza have focused on terrestrial ecosystems while few on wetlands,especially coastal ***:We systematically reviewed previous relevant studies to explore the formation and functions of AM in coastal wetland ecosystems as well as the environmental factors that affect *** characteristics,morphological types,and species diversity of AMF in the coastal wetlands were *** responses of AMF to environmental factors during AM formation and the functions of AM in coastal wetlands were ***:AMF are worldwide distributed in coastal wetland and are mainly limited by flooding,hypoxia,soil pH,salinity and the host plants *** play important roles in coastal wetlands,involving promoting nutrient uptake of host plants,improving the characteristics of rhizospheric soil,and enhancing plant resistance to salt and flooding ***:More comprehensive studies of AMF in vitro in coastal wetlands would be helpful for the conservation and restoration of coastal wetland ecosystems in the changing world.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi coastal wetlands ecological responses ecosystem effects environmental factors

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