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Endocast Morphological Variation and Its Driving Forces in Scutiger boulengeri

Asian Herpetological Research 2022年第4期13卷 269-283页

作者： Yinmeng HOU Xiaoxiao SHU Shengchao SHI Xiuqin LIN Luyao XIAO Jianping JIANG Jianghong RAN Feng XIE CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina College of Life Sciences Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejing 100049China Mangkang Biodiversity and Ecological Station Tibet Ecological Safety Monitor NetworkChangdu 854500TibetChina

Cranialendocasts canbeusedasareliable proxy for brain size,reflecting the evolutionary and environmental selection pressure of *** studies on endocasts in amphibians have increased in recent years,those performed on endocasts of Anura are comparatively rare,especially at the intraspecific ***,using a high-altitude endemic toad-Scutiger boulengeri-as a model,through the application of integrative methods(morphology,anatomy,phylogeny,and ecology),we studied intraspecific variations in endocast morphology and explored its driving ***-dimensional reconstruction and the brain-to-endocranial cavity(BEC)index suggested that the endocast of *** can reflect brain morphology to a large *** Fourier analysis andprincipal componentanalysis revealedgreat variability in the cranial endocast morphology among individuals,as well as the variation concentrated in the regions of telencephalon and optic *** the species,individuals with large bodies are accompanied by a larger endocast size;the relative endocast sizes have significant cladedifferences but no sexual ***,the relative endocast sizes of *** were not associated with phylogenetic history and aquatic preference but were positively correlated with altitude and negatively correlated with oxygen content,temperature,and precipitation factors(annual mean temperature,temperature seasonality,annual precipitation,and precipitation seasonality).Thesefindings suggested that high-altitude and extreme environmental conditions acted as important selectiveforces in morphological variation of the cranial endocastof ***.

关键词： aquatic preference cranial endocast ecological adaptation phylogenetichistory shapevariation

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