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Bioethanol Production from Molasses by Yeasts with Stress-Tolerance Isolated from aquatic Environments in Japan

Advances in Microbiology 2019年第12期9卷 1000-1011页

作者： Yuka Naito Masahiko Okai Masami Ishida Masachika Takashio Naoto Urano Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry Department of Ocean Sciences Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Konan Minato-ku Tokyo Japan Zensho Laboratories of Food Technology Zensho Holdings Co. Ltd. Konan Minato-ku Tokyo Japan

Bioethanol is a safe and renewable source of energy that continues to be a research focus, since fossil fuels have been linked to global warming and nuclear energy sources are affected by the increased safety concerns following the 2011 nuclear power plant accident in Japan. In general, bioethanol is converted from a biomass by yeast fermentation. The production efficiency of this bioethanol is not sufficiently high, and its practical use as a substitute for fossil fuels and nuclear energy is thus limited. For the industrial production of bioethanol, the yeast fermentation of biomass cultures containing high concentration sugar, NaCl, and ethanol is necessary, but this might induce phenomena in which the stresses arising in the yeasts weaken their cells during fermentation. As described herein, we isolated 1028 strains of yeasts from natural aquatic environments: Japan’s Tama River and Lake Kasumigaura. Among them, 412 strains were fermentative yeasts and 31 strains showed high fermentation ability under a 30% sorbitol + 10% ethanol condition. These strains were identified as Torulaspola delbrueckii, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Candida glabrata, Pichia kudriavzevii, Saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus, and Lachancea kluyveri. The strains T. delbrueckii, W. anomalus, and C. glabrata also showed tolerance against 15% NaCl. Most importantly, S. cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus H28 and L. kluyveri F2-67 produced 57.4 g/L and 53.9 g/L ethanol from molasses (sucrose 104.0 g/L, fructose 33.4 g/L, and glucose 24.8 g/L) within 48 hrs at 25°C, respectively.

关键词： Stress-Tolerance Molasses Yeast Species aquatic Environment Fermentation

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Molecular Phylogeny and Phenotypic Characterization of Yeasts with a Broad Range of pH Tolerance Isolated from Natural aquatic Environments

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第1期9卷 56-73页

作者： Naoto Urano Ayaka Shirao Yuka Naito Masahiko Okai Masami Ishida Masachika Takashio Department of Ocean Sciences Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Zensho Laboratories of Food Technology Zensho Holdings Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan

In this study, yeasts with broad range of pH tolerance were isolated and characterized from natural aquatic environments in Japan. Only a few basic and application studies of alkali-tolerant yeasts have been reported, despite the unmet industrial needs. First, we surveyed alkali-tolerant yeasts from natural aquatic environments at pH 7.6 - 9.4. We isolated 35 yeast strains that grew in pH 9.0 medium, from seven genera and nine species: 25 strains (N1, N2, through N6, N9, K1, K3 through K19) were Rhodotorula mucilaginosa;one (N7) was Rhodosporidium fluvial;one (N8) was Scheffersomyces spartinae;two (N10 and N13) were Wicherhamonyces anomalus;one (N11) was Cyberlindnera saturnus;one (S1) was Candida sp.;two (S2 and S4) were Candida intermedia;one (S3) was Candida quercuum;and one (K2) was Cryptococcus liquefacience. We examined the effects of pH on the growth of representative yeast strains. Strains K12 and S4 showed high growth at pH 3 - 10. Strains N7, N8, N10, N11, and S3 showed high growth at pH 3 - 9. Strains K2 and S1 showed high growth at pH 4 - 8. All nine of these strains had neutralizing activities from acidic media at pH 3 - 5 to pH 6 - 8. We previously isolated acid-tolerant yeasts (Cryptococcus sp. T1 [1] and Candida intermedia CeA16 [2]) from extremely acidified environments;they showed high growth at pH 3 - 9 and neutralizing activities of acidic media by releasing ammonium ions. Thus, alkali-tolerant yeasts and acid-tolerant yeasts were found to be similar species and have both high growth at a broad range of pH and neutralizing activities of acid media. Previously, we also isolated acid-tolerant, acid-neutralizing yeasts from neutral natural environments (26 strains, 12 species) [3]. Next, we constructed the phylogenetic trees of both acid-tolerant yeasts and alkali-tolerant yeasts. All were situated in the same classification position. Similar yeast species with a broad range of pH tolerance were living in natural aquatic environments at pH values from alkali to acid.

关键词： pH Tolerance Yeast Species aquatic Environment Phylogenetic Tree Fermentation

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Composition, Structure and Functional Feeding of aquatic Entomofauna in KodjobouéLake: Water Quality Assessment

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第4期10卷 160-176页

作者： Idrissa Adama Camara Mathieu Kobenan Kra Norbert Kouakou Kouadio Mexmin Koffi Konan Edia Oi Edia Lassina Doumbia Allassane Ouattara Dramane Diomande Laboratoire d’Environnement et de Biologie Aquatique (LEBA) UFR-Sciences et Gestion de l’Environnement (SGE) Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA) Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

The composition, structure and Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs) of aquatic insects were investigated in Kodjoboué lake (South-East of Côte d’Ivoire) to assess water quality. Four sites (K1 - K4) were sampled during eight campaigns. At each site aquatic insects were collected using a kick-net (25 × 20 cm, 500 μm mesh size). Environmental variables were also recorded during this period. Water was collected from each sampling site for nutrient (phosphorus, nitrate) analysis in laboratory. A total of 68 aquatic insect taxa belonging to six orders and 32 families were recorded during the study. Site K4, subject to intense agricultural activity, had the lower diversity and least balanced stand with the lowest values of Shannon-Weaver index, Pielou’s Evenness index and rarefied richness. The functional approach revealed five major FFGs: predators, scrapers, shredders, gatherers-collectors and filter-collectors. Among the different functional feeding groups, the percentage of predators was higher than that of other groups at all the sites. The P/R report indicated that our four sites are characterized as heterotrophic with K1 as the least heterotrophic. Focused Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) showed that parameters of water, like pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate were statistically correlated with species abundance. The diversity and Functional Feeding Groups metrics of aquatic insects used to describe the state of Kodjoboué lake reveal its disturbed state.

关键词： Kodjoboué Lake aquatic Insects Functional Feeding Groups Taxonomic Diversity

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Use of Gramoxone 20SL (Paraquat) Prior to Land Preparation in Controlling aquatic Weeds in Wetland Areas of Bangladesh

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第3期5卷 358-363页

作者： Md. Masud Rana Md.Abdullah Al Mamun Mohammad Habibullah Md. Imran Ullah Sarkar Md. Abdul Jalil Mridha Agronomy Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh Product Evaluation & Assessment Syngenta Bangladesh Limited Dhaka Bangladesh Soil Science Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh

Emergent aquatic weeds present in the monocropped fresh water wetland area of Bangladesh create a hazard in land preparation by developing dense stands. A field experiment was conducted at the farmers’ field of two villages namely Mahilara and Kashemabad under Gournadi Upazila of Barisal district, Bangladesh during October 2012 to evaluate the efficacy of Gramoxone 20SL (Paraquat) in controlling emergent aquatic weeds and to find out an appropriate dose of this herbicide. Three doses of Gramoxone 20SL at 1.96 l·ha-1, 2.00 l·ha-1 and 2.04 l·ha-1 were tried with an untreated control. All treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. There were 8 different emergent weed species infesting the field among which the most dominant weed species were Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Enhydra fluctuans, Monochoria vaginalis, Echinochloa crus-galli. The results revealed that, weed control efficiency was significantly affected by different herbicidal treatments. The treatments, Gramoxone 20SL at 2.00 l·ha-1 and 2.04 l·ha-1 were controlled in all the emergent aquatic weeds more than 85% infesting both the sites. Application of non-selective herbicide Gramoxone 20SL at 2.00 l·ha-1 prior to land preparation was most effective to suppress weed dry masses in both the site resulting reduced land preparation cost up to 78.93% as compared to manual weed control.

关键词： aquatic Weeds Gramoxone 20SL SDR Weed Control Efficiency

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Water Purification Capacity of Four Kinds of aquatic Plants in the Upper Reaches of Luanhe River

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Journal of Landscape Research 2018年第6期10卷 51-55,59页

作者： YUAN Wenge ZHENG Jianwei GU Jiancai LU Guiqiao YU Xinxiao Agricultural University of Hebei BaodingHebei 071000China Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources of Forest and Forest Protection of Hebei Province BaodingHebei 071000China Langfang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences LangfangHebei 065000China Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083China

Under artificially simulated conditions, the water purification effects of Lythrum salicaria, Typha minima, Scirpus validus, Iris wilsonii and their configurations were studied. The results showed that various aquatic plants and their configurations showed purification effects for total nitrogen(TN), nitrate nitrogen(NO_3^-), total phosphorus(TP), orthophosphate(PO_4^(3-)) and chemical oxygen demand(COD) in water body, and the purification effects of aquatic plant configurations were better than those of single ones. Regression analysis was conducted for dynamics of various water quality indicators. The removal rates of TN and COD within 50 d by the combination of L. salicaria and I. wilsonii were 73.83% and 77.4%, respectively, with the best purification effect; the removal rate of NO_3^- within 20 d by the combination of S. validus and I. wilsonii was 89.41%; and the combination of S. validus and I. wilsonii showed the best removal effect for TP and PO43-, of which the 50-d removal rates were 88.98% and 92.39%, respectively. Reasonable choice of local aquatic plants and their optimal combinations can be applied in the improvement of water quality of rivers.

关键词： Upper reaches of Luanhe River aquatic plants Configuration Water purification

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Genotoxicity Tests and Their Contributions in aquatic Environmental Research

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第14期5卷 1391-1399页

作者： Alaa G. M. Osman Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch) Assiut Egypt Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany

As many chemicals with genotoxic potential are emitted to surface water, genotoxicity tests are gaining importance which led to the development of several techniques to detect directly DNA damage. The relevance of detecting the genotoxic risks associated with water pollution was firstly perceived in the late 1970s. Since that time several tests have been developed for evaluating DNA alterations in aquatic animals. These tests rely on the premise that any changes to DNA may have long-lasting and profound consequences. Sister chromatid test, chromosome aberrations, comet assay, and micronucleus test are currently the most widely employed methods to detect DNA lesions in ecotoxicology. Chromosomal aberration and sister chromatid exchanges are time consuming, resource intensive and require proliferating cell population. Hence, Comet assay and Micronucleus test as cost effective and more sensitive test systems have now been introduced for assessing the genotoxicity of chemicals. This review presents a synthesis of the state of the art in the methodologies of comet assay and micronucleus test and their contributions in aquatic environmental research. The text explores the latest knowledge and thinking on these very important approaches for the assessment of environmental health, management, and conservation. The primary concern of the present review is the measurement of genotoxic potential in aquatic organisms under field and laboratory conditions, where effects of chemicals at different levels of biological organization can be examined.

关键词： aquatic Environmental Research Genotoxicity Tests aquatic Organisms Comet Assay Micronucleus Test

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Potential of proteins and their expression level in marine phytoplankton (<i>Prymnesium parvum</i>) as biomarker of N, P and Fe conditions in aquatic systems

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2013年第3期3卷 338-346页

作者： Hiroshi Hasegawa M. Mamunur Rahman Sayaka Kato Teruya Maki M. Azizur Rahman Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan Institute of Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Iron (Fe) are important nutrients for phytoplankton, and they are the key limiting nutrients in many marine systems. In the present study, growth and protein expression of marine phytoplankton Prymnesium parvum under different nitrate, phosphate and iron conditions were investigated in order to evaluate whether proteins and their expression level could be used as biomarkers of N, P, and Fe conditions in aquatic systems. The growth of P. parvum increased with the increase of nitrate, phosphate and iron concentrations in the culture medium. Protein expression levels also differed significantly (p aquatic systems. The expression level of a 42 kDa was significantly higher (p aquatic systems. However, further studies (two dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry) are needed to identify and characterize these proteins in P. parvum.

关键词： Phytoplankton Protein Biomarker Nitrogen Phosphorus Iron aquatic Systems

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Flow Characteristic Variations on Groyne Types for aquatic Habitats

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Engineering（科研） 2012年第11期4卷 809-815页

作者： Joongu Kang Hongkoo Yeo Sanghwa Jung Department of Water Resource Research Korea Institute of Construction Technology Ilsan Korea

The field formed by groyne has the function of aquatic habitats for the underwater biology. The characteristic of groyne field occurring around downstream of groyne depends on groyne type and shape. Thus to maximize the function of groyne, it needs to understand the flow characteristic around groyne. In this study, experiment model test was conducted in recirculation zone located in downstream of groyne. Groyne types for experiment are three: permeable, impermeable and inclined crest groyne. LSPIV (Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry) is used to measure flow field around the groyne and it revealed flow characteristic in recirculation zone at each case. In order to estimate the aquatic habitats of groyne fields, critical swimming speed of major fleshwater fish in Korea was compared with the variation of velocity distribution in groyne fields. From the results, the rate of velocity decreases in groyne fields, V/Vapp were measured to be 0 to 0.5 and the results can be fundamental data which are used to estimate the aquatic habitable function of groyne.

关键词： Groyne Recirculation Area aquatic Habitats Critical Swimming Speed

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Assessment of the Diversity of Macro aquatic Species in Amburayan River in Kapangan, Benguet in the Philippines

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2018年第3期8卷 323-354页

作者： Marx Perfecto C. Garcia Annie Melinda Paz-Alberto Tereso A. Abella Chito F. Sace Eric G. Claudio Arneil G. Gabriel Bureau of Fisheries and aquatic Resources Regional Office 1 Cordillera Administrative Region Baguio City Philippines Central Luzon State University Mu&ntilde oz City Philippines Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Cabanatuan City Philippines Department of Public Administration Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Cabanatuan City Philippines

Little is known about the diversity and status of endemic freshwater fishes which are valuable bio-indicators of ecosystem health and an integral part of a country’s natural heritage. Some of the less studied areas in the Philippines are the river systems in the Cordillera which are equally important as that of the other freshwater systems in the country. Amburayan River in Kapangan, Benguet is one of the rivers in the said region. Thus assessment study of the diversity of macro aquatic species was conducted to provide a baseline data in the formulation of resource management strategies and polices. By using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study determined and identified the presence of macro species in the study area. It applied the National Stock Assessment Program (NSAP) procedures in the gathering of samples while identification and determination of fish stocks were done by morphometric analysis of the catch with the help of available references and assistance of experts. This is later verified through submission of samples to the National Fisheries Research Development Institute (NFRDI) as part of the NSAP areas for DNA analysis. The measurement of the impacts of human activities to the river systems was done using the checklist method by Smith and Smith. The study found that there is low biodiversity of macro aquatic species in the area because of the presence of introduced species, illegal fishing practices, quarrying and mining activities. There are also no indigenous or traditional management measures conducted to conserve the river ecosystem biodiversity. The study recommended that similar study be done in other areas of the river and that the government agencies to undertake fisheries programs which would regulate the exploitation and utilization and allow regeneration of macro aquatic species in the river system.

关键词： Assessment Study Macro aquatic Species River System The Philippines

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UPTAKE AND TRANSFER OF 14C SIMETRYNE THROUGH THE LABORATORY FRESHWATER FOOD CHAIN

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1989年第1期7卷 10-16页

作者：徐盈 J.P.Lay 张甬元 Institute of Hydrobiology Academia Sinica Wuhan

This paper deals with the bioconcentration of 14C-simetryne from water by aquatic test organisms : green algae-Monoraphidium minutum, rotifers-Brachionus rubens, daphnids-Daphnia magna, and fish-Brachydanio rerio . The chemical was bioconcentrated rapidly in all test species during the first 48 hours of experiment. The BCF values (bioconcentration factor) from all uptake studies show that simetryne has higher accumulation in algae than in rotifers, daphnids and zebra fish.The logarithm of the n-octanol/water partition coefficient of simetryne measured as 2.06+0.05 was correlated with the BCFs in the organisms as based on the lipid contents.14C-simetryne uptake via the food-chain amounted to only 22% to 42% of the bioconcentration from water. Clearance of 14 C- derived residues from fish was rapid with a half-life of 2.1 days.

关键词： Daphnia uptake algae aquatic logarithm partition residues nutrient maintained photosynthetic

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