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机械制造 1984年第9期 47-48页

作者：马青

一、同位关系的语法分析遇到同位语,一定要搞清它的本位语,即与句中哪个部分同位。上期阅读材料最后一句是: New materials for bearing purposes are bei-ng introduced, the advantages being their shockabsorbing qualities,low coefficient of friction,and ability to run without lubrication,an adva-ntageous feature when bearings are mounted ina position difficult of access. 斜体部分是一个同位语,与前面三个并列成分中的最后一个ability to run without lubrication同位。搞清这层关系,就可以用适当的手段把句子确切地译成汉语。本期所附的译文中是加上适当的词后把同位语译成单独的句子。

关键词：同位语同位关系 apposition 阅读材料本位语名词短语句子定语从句参考译文

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Fine structural description of the compound eye of the Madagascar ＇hissing cockroach＇ Gromphadorhinaportentosa （Dictyoptera： Blaberidae）

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Insect Science 2008年第2期15卷 179-192页

作者： Monalisa Mishra Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow Faculty of Engineering and Sciences Jacobs University (formerly known as International University Bremen) Bremen Germany Department of Biology (Elainmuseo) University of Oulu Oulu Finland

The compound eyes of the wingless adults of the Madagascar ＇hissing cockroach＇ Gromphadorhinaportentosa Sachum, 1853 were examined by light and electron microscopy. Each eye contains 2 400-2 500 mostly hexagonal facets. However, irregularities affecting both shape and size of the ommatidia are relatively common, especially towards the margins of the eye. An individual ommatidium of this eucone type of apposition eye contains eight retinula cells, which give rise to a centrally-fused, tiered rhabdom. The distal end of the latter is funnel-shaped and accommodates the proximal end of the cone in its midst, Further below, the rhabdom （then formed by the rhabdomeres of four retinula cells） assumes a squarish profile with microvilli aligned in two directions at right-angle to each other. Cross sections through the proximal regions of the rhabdom display triangular rhabdom outlines and microvilli （belonging to 3-4 retinula cells different from those involved in the squarish more distal rhabdom） that run in three directions inclined to one another by 120°. Overall the organization of the eye conforms to the orthopteroid pattern and particularly closely resembles that of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana. However, since G. portentosa possesses fewer ommatidia, this could be a consequence of its inability to fly. On the other hand, the large size of the facets and the voluminous rhabdoms suggest considerable absolute sensitivity and an ability to detect the plane of linearly polarized light. Based on the pattern of microvillus orientations in combination with the crepuscular lifestyle G. portentosa leads and the habitat it occurs in, the prediction is made that this insect uses its green receptors for e-vector discrimination in the environment of down-welling light that reaches the forest floor.

关键词： apposition blattodea closed rhabdom ommatidium polarization vision

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