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Fiscal Subsidy Policy on Home appliances: Its Effects on Domestic Consumption and Exports in China

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China & World Economy 2019年第4期27卷 53-73页

作者： Ting Ji Ningyuan Jia Faqin Lin Hang Wu School of International Trade and Economics Central University of Finance and Economics China Department of Economics London School of Economics and Political Sciences UK School of International Trade and Economics Central University of Finance and Economics China School of Management Harbin Institute of Technology China

This paper evaluates the effects of the Home appliances Going to the Countryside (HAGC) policy, afiscal subsidy program implemented in China to boost private consumption of home appliances in rural areas from 2007 to 2012. Using the policy as anatural experiment and employing the difference-in-difference estimator, we find that the policy did not increase domestic sales of relevant goods as expected;instead, it actually reduced domestic sales and significantly promoted exports. These surprising results are robust across regressions of alternative datasets, more controls, and different regions. We further provide detailed information of undisclosed audit data for acounty in Zhejiang province to shed light on the underlying mechanism of such unexpected results, suggesting loopholes in the HAGC and changes in export tax rebate rates.

关键词： difference-in-difference estimator fiscal multiplier home appliances to the countryside

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Prevalence, Etiology &Role of Dentist &Oral appliances in Treatment: Review Article

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2015年第7期5卷 187-201页

作者： Mohammad Jaradat Ahmad Rahhal Department of Orthodontics Faculty of Dentistry Arab American University Jenin West-Bank Palestine

Objective: The aim of this article is to provide a detailed description for obstructive sleep apnea regarding its signs and symptoms, the way it is diagnosed, the risk factors, management, the role of dentists and oral appliances in treatment and consequences of untreated condition. Material and Method: Electronic searching was done in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases. Inclusion criteria were: dental, oral and maxillofacial oriented articles. Exclusion criteria: cardiac, obesity and non dental oriented articles were excluded. Result: 59 articles meet the criteria. Conclusion: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a potentially life threatening disorder characterized by repeated collapse of the upper airway during sleep, with periodic cessation of breathing for more than ten seconds. The frequency of obstructive sleep apnea has been found to increase with age;ranging from two percent among children to two and half percent - six percent among adolescents. Overnight polysomnographic test at specialized sleep clinics remains the gold standard for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea disorder. Management of this condition can be performed via surgical and non surgical methods. Continuous positive airway pressure represents the first line of treatment for most patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

关键词： Obstructive Sleep Apnea Role of Oral appliances in Treatment Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Maxillomandibular Advancement Surgery

The Effect of Variable Electricity Tariffs in the Household on Usage of Household appliances

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2013年第4期4卷 353-365页

作者： Rainer Stamminger Verena Anstett Household and Appliance Technology Section Institute for Agricultural Engineering University of Bonn Bonn Germany.

Demand side management (DSM) has been discussed and investigated widely as a strategy to also influence residential energy consumption. Flexible energy tariffs are often proposed as a possible tool of DSM. However, real-life experience with this tool is rare. It was therefore the objective of this study to investigate under more realistic conditions how consumers are able and willing to adjust their residential energy consumption under the conditions of flexible energy tariffs with and without the support of intelligent smart appliances. Sixty-seven households in Germany within an experimental design with fictive tariff model (August 11 to July 12) driven by RWE Effizienz GmbH, as the energy utility, and Miele & ***, as the appliance manufacturer, were equipped with intelligent smart meters and 41 of them also with smart appliances (washing-machine and tumble-dryer). As a first part of the experiment, the energy tariff changed per hour and day by day, depending on the forecast of the availability of renewable energy in Germany between 10 €-Cent and 40 €-Cent per kWh. Consumers could respond to this change by adjusting the operation of their energyconsuming appliances either by themselves or—with the smart appliances—by a programmed start at low tariffs. The behaviour of the 41 consumers with smart appliances and their motivation are intensively investigated and analysed during this running two year project including several questionnaires. The consumers had to fill out daily a diary about the usage of their washing-machine, tumble-dryer, dishwasher and ironing devices. These data were matched with the actual tariff. This did allow identifying if and to which extend the consumers adjust their household activities depending on availability of solar and wind energy. These data were also used to calculate the cost savings by using the flexible tariff. In comparison to the costs of the fixed tariff of 25 €-Cent per kWh savings of 25% were realised on average. The resu

关键词： Smart appliances Consumer Behaviour Flexible Energy Tariffs Demand Side Management Demand

Periodontal Tissue Status among Mental Retardation Patients with Fixed Prosthodontic appliances

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2018年第1期9卷 49-58页

作者： Mohammed M. A. Abdullah Al-Abdaly Abdulaziz Mushabbab Abu Qahas Abdullah Mushabbab Ali Honbos Abdulrahman Ahmed Abdullah Alshehri College of Dentistry King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health Bisha Saudi Arabia

Background: The mental, physical and social impediments cause limitation of chances in normal life as an equal level with others of the community;particularly in relation to maintain good oral hygiene and periodontal health among the disabled patients who were receiving fixed partial denture. So the present study was performed to evaluate the periodontal tissue status among mental retardation patients with fixed prosthodontic appliances. Subjects and Methods: A total of 400 patients between the ages 18 and 50 years were clinically selected from outpatient clinics, college of dentistry, King Khalid University and rehabilitation center in Abha city, Saudi Arabia. They were divided into two equal groups as the following: group I: Two hundred mental retardation patients without fixed prosthodontic appliances (control group) and, group II: Two hundred mental retardation patients had fixed prosthodontic appliances for at least a year ago. A complete periodontal clinical examination was performed and the following indices were recorded: plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). All data was recorded and analyzed by ANOVA test. Results: The clinical results of the present study confirmed the relationship among the mental retardation, fixed prosthodontic appliances and destruction of periodontal tissues. It has been found that the severity of periodontal disease increases among the study group compared to the control group. Statistically significant differences were found in PLI, GI and CAL in the comparison between group I and II (p Conclusion: There was a negative relationship between mental retardation with a status of periodontal tissues and oral hygiene among the patients under fixed prosthodontic management.

关键词： Fixed Prosthodontic appliances Mental Retardation Periodontal Tissue Status

Impact of Implementation Energy Efficient appliances in Palestinian Market

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2019年第4期8卷 149-165页

作者： Imad Ibrik Tahseen Sulaiman An-Najah National University Energy Research Center Nablus Palestine Technical Services Deparment Palestine Standards Institution Ramallah Palestine

Recently, Palestine has been willing to improve its energy efficiency action plan and policies. As the Electrical demand for energy is increasing in Palestine, improving energy efficiency can be considered as an efficient way to achieve reductions in energy consumptions. In this respect, energy efficiency action plan and its strategies must be designed to overcome existing market barriers against using energy efficient appliances in residential and commercial sectors in Palestine. This study provides background on the benefits of stakeholders and steps needed to support energy efficiency standards and labeling in Palestine. Furthermore, this study attempts to predict the techno-economic impact of implementing high efficient electrical appliances in Palestine. Survey-based analyses from 300 households were conducted in 2019 to estimate residential sector electrical appliances usage, behavior and their knowledge in electrical appliances labels and standards, the study aims also to estimate the perception and willingness of Palestinian householders to shift towards more energy efficient choices. The study will focus on 8 electrical appliances that constitute a major share of the electricity used within households and commercial sectors in Palestinian market.

关键词： Energy Efficiency Standards & Labels Electrical appliances

Meeting the Market Challenge China's Enterprises of Household Electrical appliances

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China's Foreign Trade 1998年第11期 3-5页

Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ，Ｃｈｉｎａｈａｓｓｅｅｎｖｉｇｏｒｏｕｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓａｌｅｏｆｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌａｐｐｌｉａｎｃｅｓ，ｄｕｅｔｏｔｈ... 详细信息

Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ，Ｃｈｉｎａｈａｓｓｅｅｎｖｉｇｏｒｏｕｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓａｌｅｏｆｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌａｐｐｌｉａｎｃｅｓ，ｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｍａｒｋｅｔｄｅｍａｎ...

关键词： Household Enterprises Electrical China’s appliances Challenge

Improving Energy Efficiency of Smart Household appliances and Devices

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2014年第4期2卷 58-62页

作者： Viktor I. Suzdorf Aleksandr S. Meshkov Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University Khabarovsk Russian Federation

With the ever-increasing volume of applications of various kinds of electric drives in all spheres of human activity, the issues in improving the efficiency of the electromechanical converters of electric energy, one of the most important components of the electric drive (ED), are becoming increasingly important. Such issues include reducing their weight and size, improving the functional characteristics of these devices to increase their operational life and reducing the cost of manufacture. Taking full advantage of these opportunities relates to the AC and DC single-phase commutator motor (SCM), which is widely used in regulated and high-speed motor drives in home appliances and electric hand tools. The SCM is used in machinery where the load torque has a hyperbolic dependence on the rotational speed and the need to work with a large motor overload due to the “soft” mechanical characteristics of such motors.

关键词： Smart Household appliances Efficiency Motor Control