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The relationship between severity of apple valsa canker and leaf nutrition

The relationship between severity of apple Valsa canker and ...

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中国菌物学会2015年学术年会

作者： Haixia Peng Xiaoyong Wei Yunxue Xiao Yue Sun Alan R.Biggs Mark L.Gleason Guangyu Sun College of Plant Protection & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture Northwest A&F University Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Kearneysville Tree Fruit Research and Education Center West Virginia University Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Iowa State University

valsa canker, caused by the fungus valsa mali, is one of the most destructive diseases of apple in the primary production areas of China and other East Asian countries. Currently there are no effective control methods for this disease. We investigated the occurrence of valsa canker in 24 apple orchards in Shaanxi Province in concert with foliar nutrient analysis, and found that there was a significant negative correlation of leaf potassium（K） content with incidence and severity of valsa canker. Fertilization experiments showed that increasing tree K content enhanced resistance to pathogen colonization and establishment. apple trees with leaf K content greater than 1.30% exhibited almost complete resistance to V. mali. Field trials demonstrated that increasing K fertilization could significantly reduce disease incidence. Improved management of tree nutrition, especially K content, could effectively control the occurrence and development of apple valsa canker.

关键词： apple valsa canker leaf nutrition analysis potassium resistance

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Candidate effector proteins of the necrotrophic apple canker pathogen valsa mali can suppress BAX-induced PCD

Candidate effector proteins of the necrotrophic apple canker...

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中国植物病理学会第十二届青年学术研讨会

作者： Zhengpeng Li Zhiyuan Yin Yanyun Fan Ming Xu Zhensheng Kang Lili Huang State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F University China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management Northwest A&F University

canker caused by the Ascomycete valsa mali is the most destructive disease of apple in Eastern Asia,resulting in yield losses of up to 100%.This necrotrophic fungus induces severe necrosis on apple,eventually leading to the death of the whole tree.Identification of necrosis inducing factors may help to unravel the molecular bases for colonization of apple trees by V.mali.As a first step toward this goal,we identified and characterized the V.mali repertoire of candidate effector proteins（CEPs）.In total,193 secreted proteins with no known function were predicted from genomic data,of which 101 were V.mali-speciiic.Compared to non-CEPs predicted for the V.mali secretome.CEPs have shorter sequence length and a higher content of cysteine residues.Based on transient over-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana performed for 70 randomly selected CEPs,seven V.mali Effector Proteins（VmEPs）were shown to significantly suppress BAX-induced PCD.Furthermore,targeted deletion of VmEP1 resulted in a significant reduction of virulence.These results suggest that V.mali expresses secreted proteins that can suppress PCD usually associated with effector-triggered immunity（ETI）.ETI in turn may play an important role in the V.mali-apple interaction.The ability of V.mali to suppress plant ETI sheds a new light onto the interaction of a necrotrophic fungus with its host plant.

关键词： apple valsa canker secreted protein cell death virulence factor plantfungus interaction

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The influence of lower temperature induction of valsa mali on the infection of apple trees

The influence of lower temperature induction of Valsa mali o...

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中国植物病理学会2021年学术年会

作者： MENG Xianglong WANG Shutong WANG Yanan HU Tongle CAO Keqiang College of Plant Protection Hebei Agricultural University

apple valsa canker（A VC）,caused by valsa mali（Vm）,is one of the most important diseases of apple trees in China.A VC occurred severely along with cold winter or cold spring.However,the effect of lower temperature on Vm is poorly understood.This study evaluated the influence of lower temperature pre-treatment of Vm on the infection of apple twigs and leaves.The results showed that exposing of Vm at lower temperature（between-10 and 10℃） for more than 18 h significantly increased the disease severity of apple leaves and twigs,with a higher LAR,lesion length and DI than that at 25 ℃.In addition,cold treatment ranging from-5℃ to 10℃ promoted the colony growth.Meanwhile,the relative expression of four cell wall degrading enzymes（CWDEs） related genes pre-treated at-5℃ and 5℃ were significantly higher than that at 25℃.The results indicated that the virulence of Vm mycelium is sensitivity for lower temperature change.After sensing lower temperature changes,Vm can adjust its infection of apple trees by regulating the expression of pathogenicity gene and growth rate.Spring is the season with very frequent temperature changes,and Vm is highly invasive in this season.Therefore,more attention should be paid in spring to protecting apple trees from infection by Vm,such as reduction of pruning wounds formation in spring,and application of protective agents to the pruning wounds in time.

关键词： apple valsa canker valsa mali lower temperature infection

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An Argonaute gene of valsa mali Plays Distinct Roles in the Stress Responses and Pathogenicity

An Argonaute gene of Valsa mali Plays Distinct Roles in the ...

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中国植物病理学会2016年学术年会

作者： FENG Hao XU Ming LIU Yang-yang GAO Xiao-ning YIN Zhi-yuan HUANG Li-li College of Plant Protection and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F University

valsa mali(V.mali),the causative agent of apple tree valsa canker,causes heavy damage to apple production.Exploration of the pathogenesis of V.mali will contribute to the generation of effective disease control strategies.The Argonaute proteins(AGOs),as the core components of the RNA-induced silencing complex(RISC),play key roles in RNA interference,which is important for various cellular processes.In this study,one AGO gene of V.mali was found to be dramatically up-regulated during infection of the pathogen.Functions of this gene in growth,stresses response and pathogenicity of V.mali was analyzed by constructing gene knock-out mutant.Compared to the wild-type strain03-8(WT),the colonial morphology and growth rate of mutant showed no significant difference on PDA plates,but the hypha morphology of mutant showed increased branches.Moreover,no obvious altered colonial morphology was observed for mutant under treatment of NaCl(0.1mol/L,0.5mol/L and1.0mol/L),KC1(0.5mol/L,1.0mol/L and 1.5mol/L) and different pH value(2.01.0).However,application of 0.05%HO led to the growth stop of mutant.In addition,the mutant exhibited decreased pathogenicity.Our results revealed the important roles of an AGO gene in stress tolerance and pathogenicity of V.mali,which may lay foundation for exploring the mechanisms of RNA interference of V.mali.

关键词： Argonaute protein Pathogenicity Small RNA Stress responses apple valsa canker

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Identification and characteristic of candidate effectors from valsa mali

Identification and characteristic of candidate effectors fro...

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中国植物病理学会第十一届全国会员代表大会暨2018年学...

作者： Zhang Mian Song Linlin Zhao Yuhuan Zhang Di Li Zhengpeng Yin Zhiyuan Nie Jiajun Du Hongxia Tan Ni Tian Runze Feng Hao Huang Lili State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A＆F University

valsa mali（V.mali） is the cause of a destructive disease,apple valsa canker,in East Asia.Effector proteins play important roles in pathogenicity of plant pathogenic fungi in various ways.In previous study,196 candidate effector proteins（CEPs） were predicted,which were defined as extracellular proteins with no known function and rich in cysteine,and 101 of them were species specific.In total,184 predicated candidate effector proteins were successfully cloned to PGR106 and 21 candidate effectors were identified.Among the 21 identified candidate effectors（ICEs）,there were 18 cell death suppressors（CDS） which accounted for 86%,and three cell death inducers（CDI） which accounted for14%.What is more,2（VmP×E1 and VmEP1） of the 21 identified candidate effectors（ICEs） were identified as important virulence factors.The result showed that V.mali possessed affluent and different effectors and evidence also exhibited V.mali manipulated those effectors to contribute to virulence during infection progress.

关键词： apple valsa canker Secretome Cell death suppressor Cell death inducer Virulence factor

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