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Antidiarrheal activity of hexane extract of Citrus limon peel in an experimental animal model

Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第2期15卷 158-164页

作者： Olasupo Stephen Adeniyi James Omale Samuel Chukwuma Omeje Victoria Ojimaojo Edino Department of Human Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Kogi State University Anyigba 272102 Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Kogi State University Anyigba 272102 Nigeria

OBJECTIVE： Acute diarrhea is one of the major illnesses that cause death in children, despite clinical interventions and the use of oral rehydration therapy. Thus, there is need to discover other effective, affordable and accessible treatments for this disease. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of hexane extract of Citrus limon peel （HECLP） on castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats. METHODS： Diarrhea was induced in male albino Wistar rats weighing 100-150 g. The antidiarrheal activity of HECLP at different oral dosages （5, 10 and 20 mg/kg） was investigated by counting the number of wet fecal pellets. Animals were further treated with propranolol, prazosin, nifedipine and atropine to assess the effects of receptor blockers on the activities of the extract. The effects of HECLP on castor oil-induced enteropooling and the intestinal transit time of activated charcoal were also evaluated. RESULTS： Each of the 3 doses of C. limon significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05） the number of wet fecal pellets produced by animals, with 20 mg/kg HECLP producing the highest percentage inhibition （34.2%） Wet fecal pellet inhibition by the standard drug Ioperamide （3 mg/kg p.o.） was 68.4% relative to the negative control. Blockage of 13 adrenergic receptors by propanolol abolished the antidiarrheal effects of HECLP. Intestinal fluid accumulation was inhibited by 68.7% and 78.5% by 20 mg/kg HECLP and Ioperamide respectively. Furthermore, 20 mg/kg HECLP significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced the percentage intestinal transit time （21.4% ± 1.42%）, relative to the control （34.2% ±4.29%）; atropine （5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection） significantly （P 〈 0.001） reduced the percentage intestinal transit time to 11.2% ±0.85%. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that C. limon peel possesses antidiarrheal effects through antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms that act through the β adrenergic system.

关键词： antimotility antisecretory diarrhea lemon peel

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Gastroprotective effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Ziziphus jujuba *** HCl/Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第6期35卷 666-670页

作者： Shokouhsadat Hamedi Amir Ali Arian Mohammad Hosein Farzaei Department of Persian pharmacy School of Persian and Complementary MedicineMashhad University of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Faculty of PharmacyKermanshah University of Medical Sciences Medical Biology Research Center Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

OBJECTIVE: To evaluated the gastroprotective effects of standardized aqueous extract of Ziziphus jujuba(Z. jujuba) stem bark against acidified ethanol-induced gastric ulcers as well as anti helicobacter pylori activity of the plant extract in ***: Five groups of rats were orally pre-treated with normal saline(0.9%) as ulcer group, 150 mg/kg of ranitidine as positive control group, 100, 200 and 400 mg of standardized extract solution as the experimental groups. Two hours later, acidified ethanol solution was given by gavages in order to induce of gastric ulcer. The antibacterial effect of extract against clinical strains of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) was evaluated through disc diffusion ***: The ulcer group exhibited significantly severe mucosal injury as compared with ranitidine or extract group which shows significant protective action against gastric mucosal injury. The extract showed no effect on H. ***: The present study indicates that *** stem bark extract had a potential antiulcer activity which might be due to its protective activity, providing a direct, protective effect on the gastric mucosa. Our study showed that anti-H. pylori activity was not among gastroprotective mechanism of Z. jujuba. Further pre-clinical and clinical investigations for evaluating natural active agents and efficacy of this plant are recommended.

关键词： Ziziphus jujuba Stomach ulcer Cytopro-tection antisecretory factor Helicobacter pylori

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Pharmacologic therapy for acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第45期20卷 16868-16880页

作者： Swetha Kambhampati Walter Park Aida Habtezion Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine

While conservative management such as fluid,bowel rest,and antibiotics is the mainstay of current acute pancreatitis management,there is a lot of promise in pharmacologic therapies that target various aspects of the pathogenesis of *** review of preclinical studies,which include assessment of therapies such as anti-secretory agents,protease inhibitors,anti-inflammatory agents,and anti-oxidants are *** of these studies have shown therapeutic benefit and improved survival in experimental *** on available preclinical studies,we discuss potential novel targeted pharmacologic approaches that may offer promise in the treatment of acute *** date a variety of clinical studies have assessed the translational potential of animal model effective experimental therapies and have shown either failure or mixed results in human *** these discouraging clinical studies,there is a great clinical need and there exist several preclinical effective therapies that await investigation in *** understanding of acute pancreatitis pathophysiology and lessons learnedfrom past clinical studies are likely to offer a great foundation upon which to expand future therapies in acute pancreatitis.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis antisecretory Protease inhibitors Anti-inflammatory Anti-oxidants Systemic inflammatory response syndrome Organ failure Mortality

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Medical management of inoperable malignant bowel obstruction

Medical management of inoperable malignant bowel obstruction

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2022第27届广东省药师周大会

作者： Xiaoyan Huang Jing Xue Min Gao Qiyuan Qin Tenghui Ma Xiaoyan Li Hui Wang Sun Yat-sen University Sixth Affiliated Hospital

Objective:Toreview medical management of inoperable malignant bowel *** Sources:A literature review using PubMed and MEDLINE databases searching malignant bowel obstruction,etiology,types,pathophysiology,medical,antisecretory,anti-inflammatory,antiemetic drugs,analgesics,promotion of emptying,prevention of infection,anticholinergics,somatostatin analogs,gastric antisecretory drugs,prokinetic agents,glucocorticoid,opioid analgesics,antibiotics,enema,adverse *** selection and data extraction:Randomized or observational studies,cohorts,case series,case reports or review written in English between 1983 toNovember 2020 were *** synthesis:Malignant bowel obstruction(MBO) commonly occurs in patients with advanced or recurrent malignancies and severely affects the quality of life and survival of *** management remains complex and *** surgery is the first choice for patients with MBO to regain patency of the bowel and resolve the obstruction,thus lessening the symptoms,it is not suitable for most *** management is the cornerstone of MBO treatment,with the goal of reducing distressing symptoms and optimizing quality of *** now,there has been neither a standard clinical approach nor registered medications to treat patients with inoperable *** to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:This review provides information on the etiology,type and pathophysiology,and medical treatment of MBO and related adverse reactionsof the drugs commonly used,what can greatly assist clinicians in making clinical decisions when treating ***:Published research shows medical management of MBO mainly from antisecretory,anti-inflammatory strategies,controlling vomiting and pain,promoting emptying,preventing infection and combination *** knowledgeable about the most current treatment options,the related adverse effects and the evidence supporting different practices is critical for clinicians toprov

关键词： Malignant bowel obstruction Medical management antisecretory Anti-inflammatory Control of vomiting Control of pain Promotion of emptying Prevention of infection

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