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Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase and Carbapenamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Causing Urinary Tract Infection among Children in Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第7期14卷 351-365页

作者： Rachael Wangeci Waithaka Janet Kerubo Maranga Celestine Khalechi Makobe Department of Microbiology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya Gertrudes Childrens Hospital Nairobi Kenya

Introduction: Enterobacteriaceae causing urinary tract infections (UTI) have developed resistance to the commonly used antibiotics due to emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Carbapenamase producing Enterobactericeae which are a public health problem worldwide. This study aims to determine the prevalence and characterize ESBLs and carbapenamase producing Enterobactericeae. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital, Nairobi. 238 urine samples were collected from patients with urinary symptoms attending the outpatient department within the period 2020-2021. The urine were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done using VITEK® 2 Compact system (BioMérieux). Double disc synergy test and modified hodge tests were done as confirmatory tests for ESBLs and Carbapenamase phenotypes respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used for the detection of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaKPC and blaOXA-48 genes. Results: From the 238 children sampled the prevalence of UTI caused by Enterobactericeae was 22.3%. The Enterobacteriaceae species isolated were Escherichia coli (84.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.66%), Proteus mirabillis (5.66%), Enterobacter aerogenes (1.89%) and Morganella morganii (1.89%). The isolated species were resistant to ampicillin. Meropenem had the highest susceptibility. Only E. coli species had the ESBLs (26.4%) and carbapenamase (1.9%) phenotypes. 100% had BlaCTX-M while 50% had blaTEM resistant gene. There was a significant association (p Conclusion: Ampicillin resistance resulted to use of alternative drugs and Meropenem was the drug of choice where increased resistance to the recommended drugs was noted. Further research on resistant genes is recommended.

关键词： Enterobactericeae Urinary Tract Infection Prevalence Beta Lactamases Polymerase Chain Reaction Children Outpatient antimicrobial resistance Phenotypes Escherichia coli

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Antibiotic resistance Profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Urine and Pleural Fluid in Two Hospitals of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 39-49页

作者： Cécile Ingrid Djuikoue Farid Wega Grace Yemina Kombeu Cedric Seugnou Nana Christiane Possi Kiyang Lussabella Pohoko Medzam Erica Megane Noubissi Makougoum Nellie Mbianga Nkuigoua Herman Koyouo Tagne Mérimé Joël Tchinda Talokou Yvonne Valérie Yolande Mavoungou Ashu Michel Agbor Microbiology Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Microbiology Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Institut Universitaire du Golf de Guinée Douala Cameroon Centre Hospitalier Dominicain St Martin de Porres Yaoundé Cameroun Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium rank among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infections. They often persist on hospital surfaces due to their ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions (low or high temperatures, high pH, and high salinity). The global Enterococcus faecalis-Enterococcus faecium ratio is currently shifting towards Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci present variable levels of resistance to certain families of antibiotics. This is the case for aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and cephalosporins. In 2017, WHO ranked Enterococci among priority pathogens for research and development of new antibiotics. The objective of our study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from urine and pleural fluid in two hospitals in Cameroon. This cross-sectional and analytic study was carried out between June to August 2023 on hospitalized and day patients in which a cytobacteriological test of urine and pleural fluid was done. The samples were inoculated on CLED Agar for urine and on Chocolate + polyvitex and blood agar (prepared from Columbia agar) for pleural fluid samples and incubated at 37℃ for 18 to 24 hours. Identification of isolates was carried out using the API 20 STREP micro gallery (Biomerieux, France) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The data on socio-demographical and potential risk factors were recorded using self-administered questionnaires and data from laboratory analyses of the specimen were collected in a data capture sheet. Potential risk factors associated with the presence of Enterococci, were evaluated using the logistic regression in univariate and multivariate analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. A total of 511 patients were recruited who were predominantly females. Enterococcus spp were isolated in 27.79% of our samples with Enterococcus faecalis mostly encountered. Enterococcus spp showed a high

关键词： Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium Healthcare-Associated Infections antimicrobial resistance Cameroon

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Breaking or following the membrane-targeting mechanism:Exploring the antibacterial mechanism of host defense peptide mimicking poly(2-oxazoline)s

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第24期59卷 220-226页

作者： Chengzhi Dai Min Zhou Weinan Jiang Ximian Xiao Jingcheng Zou Yuxin Qian Zihao Cong Zhemin Ji Longqiang Liu Jiayang Xie Zhongqian Qiao Runhui Liu State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryKey Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology(ECUST)Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers(Fudan University) Shanghai200438China

Peptides exert important biological functions but their application is hindered by their susceptibility to proteolysis and poor stability in ***,functional peptide mimics have drawn a great deal of attention to address this ***(2-oxazoline)s,a class of biocompatible and proteolysis-resistant polymer,can work as host defense peptide mimics without following the general membrane-targeting mechanism as shown in our previous *** observation encouraged us to figure out if poly(2-oxazoline)s are special and break the general membrane-targeting mechanism of host defense peptides and their *** this study,we aimed at the connection between structure and antibacterial mechanism of poly(2-oxazoline)s.A new γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-pendent poly(2-oxazoline)was synthesized and investigated to compare with glycine-pendent poly(2-oxazoline)in our previous study,with the former polymer has two extra CH2 groups in the sidechain to increase the hydrophobicity and *** depolarization assay suggested that incorporating two more CH2 groups into the sidechain of poly(2-oxazoline)resulted in a mechanism switch from DNA-targeting to membrane-targeting,which was supported by the slow time-kill kinetics and slightly distorted and sunken membrane ***,GABA-pendent poly(2-oxazoline)showed potent activity against methicillin-resistant *** and low hemolysis on human red blood ***,repeated use of the antimicrobial poly(2-oxazoline)did not stimulate bacteria to obtain resistance,which was an obvious advantage of membrane-targeting antimicrobial agents.

关键词： Poly(2-oxazoline) Host defense peptide Antibacterial mechanism Membrane-targeting antimicrobial resistance

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The temporal dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica and predominant serovars in China

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National Science Review 2023年第3期10卷 60-76页

作者： Yanan Wang Yue Liu Na Lyu Zhiyuan Li Sufang Ma Demin Cao Yuanlong Pan Yongfei Hu Hua Huang George F.Gao Xuebin Xu the Bacterium-learning Union Baoli Zhu International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology College of Veterinary MedicineHenan Agricultural University CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Microbiology Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC) Beijing Key Laboratory of antimicrobial resistance and Pathogen Genomics Department of Pathogenic Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Southwest Medical University

Salmonella enterica is one of the most common bacterial pathogens in humans and *** studies on the trends and geographical distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella and dominant serovars have been well studied in European and American countries while not in ***,taking the One-Health strategy,we used>35 000 Salmonella enterica isolates to explore the temporal and spatial dynamics of dominant serovars in *** found that Salmonella Typhimurium was the dominant serovar causing human infection in China,which was consistent with Australia but inconsistent with North American and European *** proportion of Salmonella serovars Typhimurium,London,Rissen,Corvallis,Meleagridis,Kentucky,and Goldcoast showed an increasing trend during *** randomly selected 1962 isolates for comparative genomics and antimicrobial resistance studies and found that the number of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) per isolate increased 1.84 and 2.69 times of human and non-human origins,respectively,spanning 14 *** proportion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella isolates had an increasing trend during 2006-2019,especially beta-lactam,quinolone,tetracycline,and rifampicin ***,we found that higher diversity of sequence types(STs) in *** than in other serovars,ST34 from pig and ST 19 from chicken origin,were mainly associated with isolates causing child and adult gastro-infection,*** results fill in the data gap on the trends of dominant serovars and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica in *** data provide useful information for public health decision-makers prioritizing interventions for foodborne diseases and food safety.

关键词： salmonella enterica food safety antimicrobial resistance whole-genome sequencing public health

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Production systems and important antimicrobial resistant-pathogenic bacteria in poultry:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 481-500页

作者： Philip H.W.Mak Muhammad Attiq Rehman Elijah G.Kiarie Edward Topp Moussa S.Diarra Guelph Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada(AAFC)GuelphONCanada Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphONCanada London Research and Development Center AAFCLondonONCanada.

Economic losses and market constraints caused by bacterial diseases such as colibacillosis due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens remain major problems for poultry producers,despite substantial efforts in prevention and *** have been used not only for the treatment and prevention of such diseases,but also for growth ***,these practices have been linked to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria which constitute a significant global threat to humans,ani-mals,and the *** break down the antimicrobial resistance(AMR),poultry producers are restricting the antimicrobial use(AMU)while adopting the antibiotic-free(ABF)and organic production practices to satisfy consum-ers’***,it is not well understood how ABF and organic poultry production practices influence AMR profiles in the poultry gut *** Gram-negative(Salmonella enterica serovars,Campylobacter jejuni/coli,***)and Gram-positive(Enterococcus spp.,Staphylococcus *** ***)bacteria harboring multiple AMR determinants have been reported in poultry including organically-and ABF-raised *** this review,we discussed major poultry production systems(conventional,ABF and organic)and their impacts on AMR in some potential pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which could allow identifying issues and opportuni-ties to develop efficient and safe production practices in controlling pathogens.

关键词： Antibiotic-free antimicrobial resistance Conventional feeding Organic Poultry

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Encapsulated peracetic acid as a valid broad‑spectrum antimicrobial alternative,leading to beneficial microbiota compositional changes and enhanced performance in broiler chickens

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畜牧与生物技术杂志:英文版 2023年第5期14卷 2128-2142页

作者： Salvatore Galgano Leah Conway Nikki Dalby Adrian Fellows Jos G.MHoudijk Monogastric Science Research Centre Scotland’s Rural CollegeWest Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JGScotlandUK Aga2tech Ltd HalifaxUK Centre for Innovation Excellence in Livestock YorkUK

Background antimicrobial alternatives are urgently needed,including for poultry production *** this study,we tested the potential broad-range antimicrobial alternative peracetic acid,delivered in feed via the hydrolysis of encapsulated precursors through a 28-day study using 375 Ross 308 broiler *** tested two peracetic acid concentrations,30 and 80 mg/kg on birds housed on re-used litter,and we evaluated the impact of both levels on gut microbial communities,bacterial concentration,antimicrobial resistance genes relative abundance and growth performance when compared to control birds housed on either clean or re-used *** Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved in peracetic acid fed *** d 28,birds given 30 mg/kg of peracetic acid had a decreased Firmicutes and an increased Proteobacteria abundance in the jejunum,accompanied by an increase in Bacillus,Flavonifractor and Rombustia in the caeca,and a decreased abundance of tetracycline resistance *** given 80 mg/kg of peracetic acid had greater caecal abundance of macrolides lincosamides and streptogramins resistance *** performance on clean litter was reduced compared to reused litter,which concurred with increased caecal abundance of Blautia,decreased caecal abundance of Escherichia/Shigella,Anaerostipes and Jeotgalicoccus,and greater gene abundance of vancomycin,tetracycline,and macrolides resistance *** Peracetic acid could be used as a safe broad-spectrum antimicrobial alternative in *** precursors were able to reduce the bacterial concentration in the jejunum whilst promoting the proliferation of probiotic genera in the caeca,especially at the low peracetic acid concentrations tested,and improve growth ***,our findings offer further insights on potential benefits of rearing birds on re-used litter,suggesting that the latter could be associated with better performance and reduced antimicrobial resistance

关键词： antimicrobial alternative antimicrobial resistance Broiler chicken Microbiota Peracetic acid Performance 16S rRNA gene

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antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Outer Membrane Proteins of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第4期13卷 911-917页

作者： GUO Peng WANG Na LIU Yong-jie LU Cheng-ping College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural University Institute of Animal Quarantine Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine

Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from clinical cases （n=43） were tested against 8 antimicrobial agents and typed by outer membrane protein （OMP） pattern by using sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin （MICs, ≥16 μg mL-1） and sulfamonomethoxine （MICs≥64 μg mLl）, but susceptible to norfloxacin （MICs,≤0.5 μg mL-1）. There was a high incidence of resistance to erythromycin （90.70%） and tylosin （93.02%）, while a low incidences of resistance to ciprofloxacin （2.33%）, enrofloxacin （2.33%） and florfenicol （4.65%）. Six different outer membrane protein patterns were found among 34 isolates by analyzing proteins in the range of 22 to 50 kDa, other than 9 isolates with their respective profiles. The strains with the similar OMP profiles had similar resistances. Compared with the other strains from the same OMP patterns, NB-1, *** and MR-1 had lacked the proteins in the range of 30 to 45 kDa and their resistance to florfenicol substantially increased. It is speculated that the outer membrane protein changes might correlate with decreased susceptibility to florfenicol in the three strains. Some strains which showed completely identical OMP types had a little difference in their resistance to fluoroquinolones, indicating that there might be other factors that were involved in the antimicrobial resistance of A. hydrophila.

关键词： Aeromonas hydrophila antimicrobial resistance outer membrane proteins

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Perturbations of the ileal mycobiota by necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 520-535页

作者： Qing Yang Jing Liu Kelsy J.Robinson Melanie A.Whitmore Sydney N.Stewart Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceFayettevilleARUSA Safety and Security Division Institute for Public ResearchCNAArlingtonVAUSA

Background:Intestinal microbiota is critical for maintaining animal health and ***,involvement of the fungal community,also known as the mycobiota,in animal health and disease is poorly *** study was aimed to examine the association between the intestinal mycobiota and the severity of necrotic enteritis(NE),an economically significant poultry ***:A total of 90 day-of-hatch Cobb broilers were infected with Eimeria maxima on d 10,followed by an oral challenge with *** on d 14 to induce NE,while another 10 broilers were served as mock-infected *** d 17,the lesions in the jejunum were scored,and the ileal digesta were subjected to DNA isolation and real-time PCR quantification of total bacterial and fungi *** transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)amplicon sequencing was also performed to profile the ileal mycobiota *** in the ileal mycobiota in response to NE were *** correlation analysis was further conducted to identify the correlations between relative abundances of individual ileal fungi and the severity of ***:While the total bacterial population in the ileum was increased by 2-to 3-fold in NE chickens,the total fungal population was progressively declined in more exacerbated NE,with the most severely infected chickens showing a nearly 50-fold reduction relative to mock-infected *** of the ileal mycobiota also tended to reduce in chickens with NE(P=0.06).Compositionally,among 30 most abundant fungal amplicon sequence variants(ASVs),11 were diminished and 7 were enriched(P0.05).Multiple Wallemia and Aspergillus species were markedly diminished in NE(P<0.05)and also showed a significant negative correlation with NE severity(P<0.05).Conclusions:Dysbiosis of the ileal mycobiota is induced evidently by NE and the extent of the dysbiosis is positively correlated with disease ***

关键词： antimicrobial resistance C.perfringens Dysbiosis ITS sequencing Microbiome Mycobiota Necrotic enteritis Poultry

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Prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Zhejiang Province, China

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2009年第10期10卷 753-760页

作者： Jian-ping LI Hai-jian ZHOU Lin YUAN Ting HE Song-hua HU Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Animal Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China

This study was conducted to determine genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from bovine mastiffs in Zhejiang Province, China. Out of 3178 quarter milk samples from 846 lactating cows, among which 459 cows （54.3%） were found HMT positive, 890 quarters （28%） were found having subclinical mastitis. From 75 representative S. aureus isolates, 16 distinct types were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）. Four major PFGE types （A, B, C, and D） accounted for 82.7% of all isolates, and type A （41.3%） was observed in multiple herds across the studied areas. Each region was found to have a predominant type： Hangzhou type A （64.1%）, Ningbo type C （34.5%） and type B （23.1%）, Jinhua type D （53.3%）, and Taizhou type C （62.5%）. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that 90.7% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. resistance to penicillin and ampicillin （77.3%）, tetracycline （60.0%）, or erythromycin （48.0%） was observed. The bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin were commonly found. The information obtained from this study is useful for designing specific control programs for bovine S. aureus mastitis in this region.

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus Bovine mastitis antimicrobial resistance Genetic diversity Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

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A review of the resistome within the digestive tract of livestock

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 642-661页

作者： Tao Ma Tim A.McAllister Le Luo Guan Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaT6G2P5EdmontonABCanada Lethbridge Research and Development Centre LethbridgeAB T1J 4P4Canada

antimicrobials have been widely used to prevent and treat infectious diseases and promote growth in food-production ***,the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance poses a huge threat to public and animal health,especial y in less developed countries where food-producing animals often intermingle with *** limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance from food-production animals to humans and the environment,it is essential to have a comprehensive knowledge of the role of the resistome in antimicrobial resistance(AMR),The resistome refers to the col ection of al antimicrobial resistance genes associated with microbiota in a given *** dense microbiota in the digestive tract is known to harbour one of the most diverse resistomes in *** of the resistome in the digestive tract of humans and animals are increasing exponential y as a result of advancements in next-generation sequencing and the expansion of bioinformatic resources/tools to identify and describe the *** this review,we outline the various tools/bioinformatic pipelines currently available to characterize and understand the nature of the intestinal resistome of swine,poultry,and *** then propose future research directions including analysis of resistome using long-read sequencing,investigation in the role of mobile genetic elements in the expression,function and transmission of *** review outlines the current knowledge and approaches to studying the resistome in food-producing animals and sheds light on future strategies to reduce antimicrobial usage and control the spread of AMR both within and from livestock production systems.

关键词： antimicrobial resistance antimicrobial resistance gene Digestive tract Food-producing animal Metagenomic sequencing Resistome

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