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Detection of antibiotic.resistance toxigenic Clostridium difficile in processed retail lettuce

Food Quality and Safety 2018年第1期2卷 37-41页

作者： Yi Han Joan King Marlene E.Janes School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA

Objectives:Clostridium difficile is the major cause of infectious diarrhoea in humans after antimicrobial *** difficile has been isolated from food animals and *** main purpose of this study was to characterize *** isolated from retail lettuce and determine the antibiotic.resistance using five common clinical-selected antibiotic.(metronidazole,vancomycin,clindamycin,erythromycin,and cefotaxime).Materials and Methods:Lettuce samples(grown in California,Arkansas,and Louisiana)were purchased from retail ***:Toxigenic *** was isolated from 13.8 per cent(41/297)of the lettuce *** the toxigenic isolates,only 82.9 per cent(34/41)produced toxin B,17.1 per cent(7/41)produced both toxin A and toxin B,and two of the Louisiana *** isolates were identified as ribotype *** the treatment of the five antibiotic.,the virulence *** isolates were identified as having antibiotic.resistance to metronidazole,vancomycin,and ***:The present study reports the highest prevalence of toxigenic *** in US retail *** antibiotic.resistance to metronidazole,vancomycin,and erythromycin of the isolated *** from retail lettuces could lead to public health concerns.

关键词： Clostridium difficile lettuce toxigenic toxin A toxin B antibiotic.

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Comparative Evaluation of Pharmacist-Managed Vancomycin Dosing in a Community Hospital Following Implementation of a System-Wide Vancomycin Dosing Guideline

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2017年第9期5卷 607-615页

作者： Kathryn Koliha Julie Falk Rachana Patel Karen Kier Department of Pharmacy University Hospitals St. John Medical Center Ohio 44145 USA College of Pharmacy Ohio Northern University Ohio 45810 USA

Purpose： Evaluate the implementation of a large hospital system vancomycin dosing guideline in a community hospital with pharmacist vancomycin management. Design： Single center, retrospective and prospective quality assessment study. Methods： Pharmacist-managed vancomycin therapy was evaluated pre and post-implementation of a new dosing guideline in a study population of 586 from one community hospital. Results： Of the study population, 274 patients evaluated pre-implementation were compared to 312 patients post-implementation of the large hospital-system guideline （46.8% and 53.2%, respectively）. There was no significant difference in demographics between both patient populations. Days of vancomycin therapy was shorter in the post-implementation group （4.32 ＋ 2.241） versus the pre-implementation group [（4.81 ±2.764）, p = 0.018]. Days to goal trough was longer in the post-implementation group （3.51 ±1.622） compared to the pre-implementation group [（3.09 ±2.046）, p = 0.054]. A post-hoe regression analysis was conducted, showing that age, days of vancomycin therapy and goal trough are predictors for 77% of cases within the post-implementation group. Conclusion： The implementation of a new vancomycin dosing guideline significantly impacted days of vancomycin therapy and days to goal trough in patients on vancomycin managed by pharmacists. Our results encourage completion of future studies utilizing the regression analysis data, which may impact the future care of patient on vancomycin managed by pharmacists.

关键词： Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring pharmacokinetic monitoring pharmacists hospital antibiotic.

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