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Flight initiation distance, color and camouflage

Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 535-540页

作者： Anders Pape MOLLER Wei LIANG Diogo S.M.SAMiA Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systematique et EvolutionCNRS UMRUniversite Paris-SudBatiment 362Orsay CedexFrance Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina Department of Ecology Federal University of GoiasGoianiaBrazil

Camouflage is widespread throughout the animal kingdom allowing individuals to avoid detection and hence save time and energy rather than escape from an approaching ***,camouflage is likely to have co-evolved with antipredator ***,we propose that camouflage results in dichotomous escape behavior within and among species with classes of individuals and species with cryptic coloration having shorter flight initiation distances(FIDs;the distance at which an individual takes flight when approached by a human).We report the results of 2 tests of this ***,bird species with cryptically colored plumage have consistently shorter FID than closely related species without such *** species with sexually dimorphic plumage,brightly colored adult male common pheasants Phasianus colchicus and golden pheasants Chrysolophus pictus have long and variable FID,whereas cryptically colored juveniles and adult females have short and invariable ***,FID in females was predicted by presence or absence of cryptic color,FID in males and their *** findings are consistent with the hypothesis that risk-taking behavior has been attuned to camouflage,and that species with different levels of camouflage differ consistently in their FID.

关键词： anti-predator behavior birds camouflage crypsis sexual dichromatism

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