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Smoke interacts with fire history to stimulate soil seed bank germination in Mediterranean woodlands

Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第3期12卷 419-427页

作者： Neta Manela Ella Dagon Hagai Semesh Ofer Ovadia Department of Life Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev84105 Beer-ShevaIsrael Department of Environmental Sciences Tel-Hai CollegeUpper GalileeIsrael

Aims Fire has important consequences on vegetation *** fire-prone areas,natural selection favors plant species,characterized by a large soil seed bank,and that their germination is stimu-lated by *** seed germination stimulated by fire heat is common in the eastern Mediterranean Basin,only little is known about germination stimulation by *** examined the inter-active effect of aerosol smoke and fire history on the germina-ble soil seed bank(GSSB)community in eastern Mediterranean *** We collected soil samples from sites that have been subjected to different fire frequencies during the last four decades and exposed them to aerosol smoke,with or without *** document-ing the seed germination patterns characterizing these samples,we could test for changes in the abundance and richness of the germi-nable seeds in the *** Findings Total GSSB density was higher in sites that were burned more fre-quently during the last four *** to aerosol smoke increased the GSSB density,and this pattern was more pronounced in samples originating from sites burned more frequently,as well as among annual ***,exposing wet samples to aerosol smoke caused a significant reduction in GSSB density and *** results highlight the importance of exploring germination responses using intact soil samples,rather than synthetic seed ***,our findings emphasize the important role smoke plays in shaping post-fire succession processes in the Mediterranean Basin,mainly by stimulating the germination of annual species.

关键词： aerosol smoke Anagallis arvensis annuals historic fire regime Mediterranean ecosystems

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Comparison of seed germination of four Artemisia species (Asteraceae) in northeastern Inner Mongolia,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第1期4卷 36-42页

作者： XueHua LI DeMing JIANG Alamusa QuanLai ZHOU Toshio OSHIDA Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Azabu University Sagamihara 252-5201Japan

Two psammophile-dominated Artemisia semi-shrubs （A. wudanica and A. halodendron） and two annual Artemisia forbs （A. sieversiana and A. scoparia） bear significant ecological functions in Horqin Sandy Land, but systematical information on their achenes＇ germination is very limited. A set of studies were conducted to evaluate seed germination responses to storage periods and methods, different temperatures, lights conditions and sand burial depths, in order to determine inter-specific germination variation in the same genus and to explain how the species adapt to its microhabitat. Fresh achenes of A. wudanica, A. halodendron and A. sieversiana showed high germination capacities, but those of A. scoparia had obvious innate dormancy, which could be broken by chilling and dry storage, especially long-term dry storage. Achene germination of the two semi-shrubs preferred lower temperature fluctuation （10 to 22℃） and was not sensitive to light. But the two annuals preferred higher temperature fluctuation （34 to 22℃） and strong light for their achene germination. These four Artemisia species showed similar responses to sand burial, i.e. soil surface was most favorable for seedling emergence, and the deeper the sand burial, the fewer the seedling emergence. For the two semi-shrubs, their microhabitats are sand dunes with high temperature and intense light, which are not favorable for germination and seedling survival. Only rainfall contributes to temporary decrease of temperature and then triggers germination. We deduced that germination is not the main but a supplementary repro- ductive mode for the two semi-shrubs in sand dunes. For the two annuals, achene germination is the only reproductive mode, but different responses have been developed for microhabitat adaptation. For A. sieversiana, high germination capacities in wide temperature ranges and all light conditions could improve its competition and advancement in the wettest microhabitats. For A. scoparia, obvious innate

关键词： annuals semi-shrubs Artemisia species germination chilling and dry storage light temperature sand burial

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Influence of experimental soil disturbances on the diversity of plants in agricultural grasslands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第6期7卷 509-517页

作者： Jörg Müller Johannes Heinze Jasmin Joshi Steffen Boch Valentin H.Klaus Markus Fischer Daniel Prati Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 114469 PotsdamGermany Freie Universität Berlin Institut für BiologieBerlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity ResearchAltensteinstrasse 614195 BerlinGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland Institute of Landscape Ecology University of MünsterHeisenbergstr.248149 MünsterGermany Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BIK-F Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung603257 FrankfurtGermany

Aims and Methods Disturbance is supposed to play an important role for biodiversity and ecosystem stability as described by the intermediate disturbance hypoth-esis(IDH),which predicts highest species richness at intermediate levels of *** this study,we tested the effects of artificial soil distur-bances on diversity of annual and perennial vascular plants and bryo-phytes in a field experiment in 86 agricultural grasslands differing in land use in two regions of *** each grassland,we implemented four treatments:three treatments differing in application time of soil dis-turbances and one *** year after experimental disturbance,we recorded vegetation and measured biomass productivity and bare *** analysed the disturbance response taking effects of region and land-use-accompanied disturbance regimes into *** Findings Region and land-use type strongly determined plant species *** disturbances had small positive effects on the species richness of annuals,but none on perennials or *** ground was positively related to species richness of ***,exceeding the creation of 12%bare ground further distur-bance had a detrimental effect on bryophyte species richness,which corresponds to the *** biomass productivity was unaffected by disturbance our results indicate that the disturbance effect on spe-cies richness of annuals was not due to decreased overall produc-tivity,but rather due to short-term lowered inter-and intraspecific competition at the newly created ***,our results highlight the importance of soil disturbances for species richness of annual plants and bryophytes in agricultural ***,most grasslands were disturbed naturally or by land-use practices and our additional experimental soil dis-turbances only had a small short-term ***,total plant diversity in grasslands seemed to be more limited by the availabil-ity of propagules rather tha

关键词： annuals bryophytes colonization intermediate disturbance hypothesis microsites

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Roles of mycorrhizai fungi in interplant nitrogen transfer in oak forests

Roles of mycorrhizai fungi in interplant nitrogen transfer i...

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中国土壤学会第十一届全国会员代表大会暨第七届海峡两岸土壤肥料学术交流研讨会

作者： Caroline S. Bledsoe Darlene Southworth William R.Horwath Robert J.Zasoski Department of Land Air and Water Resources University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Biology Southern Oregon University Ashland OR 97520 USA

Mycorrhiza-mediated interplant nitrogen (N) movement could have important implications for nutrient biogeochemical cycling in both terrestrial and agricultural ecosystems. Research on ectomycorrhizal (EM) diversity has focused on conifer forests;we know less about more arid systems such as in California oak woodlands. Exotic annual grasses invaded California oak woodlands within the last 100 years replacing n-

关键词： AM CMNs δ15N DNA markers EM annuals N transfer network theory trees

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《官商快览》与近代日用出版

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出版业 2023年第12期

作者：肖文远

清末以降，城市生活的变迁孕育了新的出版市场。《官商快览》恰逢其时，风行中国三十余年，从清末一枝独秀到民国百舸争流，见证了日用出版市场的迅速崛起和上海出版业的势力重组。清末石印书局纷纷效仿或翻印《官商快览》，炮制了大量... 详细信息

清末以降，城市生活的变迁孕育了新的出版市场。《官商快览》恰逢其时，风行中国三十余年，从清末一枝独秀到民国百舸争流，见证了日用出版市场的迅速崛起和上海出版业的势力重组。清末石印书局纷纷效仿或翻印《官商快览》，炮制了大量同质化的出版物，这意味着新的市场已经成熟，同时也暴露了石印书局在内容创作上的短板。商务印书馆则通过对市场需求的精确把握，创造出多种日用书籍，推动市场进一步扩张。逐年刊行的日用书籍(日用年刊)因其独特的媒介价值吸引着工商业资本的流入。在出版秩序从翻刻到原创的转变中，在印刷资本与工商业资本的合流中，出版业实现了对日常生活前所未有的渗透。

关键词：书业公所日用年刊版权商务印书馆广告媒介 the Shanghai Booksellers' Guild annuals copyright the Commercial Press advertising media

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