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Phylogenetic relationships of Cypriniformes and plasticity of pharyngeal teeth in the adaptive radiation of cyprinids

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第4期62卷 553-565页

作者： Wenjing Tao Lei Yang Richard L.Mayden Shunping He Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing School of Life Sciences Southwest University Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Department of Biology Saint Louis University CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Cypriniformes comprise approximately 4,200 species accounting for 25% of the diversity of all freshwater fish, which is widely distributed across the world's continents except Antarctica, South America, and Australia. The highest species diversity is found in Southeastern Asia. Despite its remarkable species diversity and broad-scale geographic patterns of distribution, the evolutionary history of this major freshwater fish group remains largely unresolved. To gain insight of the evolutionary history of Cypriniformes, we present a phylogeny of this group using 1 mitochondrial gene and 15 nuclear genes comprising a total of14,061 bp. Bayesian inference using all gene fragments yielded a well resolved phylogeny, which is mostly consistent with topologies obtained from Maximum Likelihood analyses. Our results further confirmed the monophyly of Cypriniformes and seven constituent subclades including Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Gyrinocheilidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Nemacheilidae, and Botiidae. Bayesian divergence time analysis indicated that the origin of the Cypriniformes was about 193 Mya during the early Jurassic, coinciding with the onset of the Pangaea breakup. The basal divergence of Cypriniformes is 154 Mya during the late Jurassic. Our findings from molecular divergence and biogeographical analysis indicate the most likely initial geographical range of the ancient Cypriniformes was both East and South Asia(Southeastern area of Mesozoic Laurasia). Moreover, the burst in species diversity in Cyprinidae afforded by the nearly worldwide colonization is possibly in response to the plasticity of pharyngeal dentition. The present study demonstrates that the Cypriniformes was about 193 Mya during the early Jurassic,coinciding with the onset of the Pangaea breakup. The plasticity of pharyngeal dentition of cyprinids might contribute to the burst and radiation of this lineage. The phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses in this study help to improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of this diverse and

关键词： phylogeny biogeographic analyses Cypriniformes pharyngeal teeth adaptive radiation

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Stylistic analyses of Ramona Series by Beverly Cleary

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海外英语 2012年第1X期 284-285页

作者：张瑜宸青岛大学师范学院山东青岛266071

Beverly Cleary is one of the most popular and honored writers of contemporary children's fiction.Her Ramona series delight generations and strike root in the hearts of the people.Through stylistic analyses of the series by the depiction of Ramona's characteristics,and Cleary's special writing skills reveal the literary value of these books and Beverly's legacy for children's literature.

关键词： stylistic analyses language writing egocentrism

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Prunus sunhangii: A new species of Prunus from central China

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Plant Diversity 2019年第1期41卷 19-25页

作者： Xiaoshuang Zhang Zhilin Jiang Ziyoviddin Yusupov Menghua Zhang Daigui Zhang Komiljon Tojibaev Ying Meng Tao Deng Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization Jishou University Puer University Institute of Comparative Study of Traditional Materia Medica Institutes of Integrative Medicine Fudan University Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Central Herbarium of Uzbekistan Institute of Botany Academy Sciences of Uzbekistan

A new species of Rosaceae from Central China, Prunus sunhangii D. G. Zhang & T. Deng, sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The new species is placed in Prunus subgenus Cerasus by flower and fruit characteristics. It is most similar to Prunus cerasoides, but differs by having longitudinally 2-lobed apical petals, an acuminate leaf apex, 17—25 stamens, white petals, dark black drupes, brown hypanthium, and different phenology. The phylogenetic placement of this species was assessed based on morphological and molecular data. Molecular analysis(cp DNA + ITS) corroborated its placement in subgenus Cerasus,specifically Prunus section Serrula.

关键词： Phylogenetic analyses Taxonomy Cerasus Section Serrula

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5-1 Introduction to Code System COUPLE3.0 for Neutron Transport and Nuclides Burn-up analyses

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IMP & HIRFL Annual Report 2015年第1期 221-222页

作者： Yang Yongwei Zhang Lu Fu Yuanguang Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730070 China Institute of Applied Physics and Computed Mathematics Beijing 100094 China

The code system COUPLE2.0[1] was developed by the Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology (INET) of Tsinghua University, which can be used for coupled neutron transport and nuclide burn-up analyses of Accelerator Driven sub- critical reactor System(ADS). The Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences imported the code system in 2014, and developed the version COUPLE3.0 according to the requirements of new function and preliminary verifications based on the fast reactor and ADS benchmarks were done.

关键词： Nuclides Burn-up analyses

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Chitosan tubes enriched with fresh skeletal muscle fibers for delayed repair of peripheral nerve defects

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 1079-1084页

作者： AlessANDro Crosio Benedetta Elena Fornasari Giovanna Gambarotta Stefano Geuna Stefania Raimondo Bruno Battiston Pierluigi Tos Giulia Ronchi Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology II-Surgery for Hand and Upper Limb-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-CTO Hospital Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of Torino Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi University of Torino UO Microchirurgia e Chirurgia della Mano Ospedale Gaetano Pini

Nerve regeneration after delayed nerve repair is often unsuccessful. Indeed, the expression of genes associated with regeneration, including neurotrophic and gliotrophic factors, is drastically reduced in the distal stump of chronically transected nerves; moreover, Schwann cells undergo atrophy, losing their ability to sustain regeneration. In the present study, to provide a three-dimensional environment and trophic factors supporting Schwann cell activity and axon re-growth, we combined the use of an effective conduit(a chitosan tube) with a promising intraluminal structure(fresh longitudinal skeletal muscle fibers). This enriched conduit was used to repair a 10-mm rat median nerve gap after 3-month delay and functional and morphometrical analyses were performed 4 months after nerve reconstruction. Our data show that the enriched chitosan conduit is as effective as the hollow chitosan conduit in promoting nerve regeneration,and its efficacy is not statistically different from the autograft, considered the "gold standard" technique for nerve reconstruction. Since hollow tubes not always lead to good results after long defects(> 20 mm), we believe that the conduit enriched with fresh muscle fibers could be a promising strategy to repair longer gaps, as muscle fibers create a favorable three-dimensional environment and release trophic factors. All procedures were approved by the Bioethical Committee of the University of Torino and by the Italian Ministry of Health(approval number: 864/2016/PR) on September 14, 2016.

关键词： tubulization Schwann cells scaffold tissue engineering nerve reconstruction morphometrical analyses grasping test secondary repair median nerve nerve regeneration

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THE DIACHRONIC analyses ON DIVERSE MEANINGS AND DIRECTIONAL PRACTICE OF'XIA'

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新东方英语（中英文版） 2018年第1期 39-40,52页

作者： Wang Shihao The Foreign Languages School of Beihang University

In the pragmatic practice of the Chinese verb'Xia', we can explore a great amount of different uses , including ones with concrete meanings and ones with abstract functional meanings .But it has been a big question when defining the category of ab-stract meanings of 'Xia'.Hu Xia qing has contributed to the categorization of modern meanings , which is lacking in grammatical analysis.Feng Jie has made some research upon the grammatical meanings of 'Xia', which came to the conclusion as 'directional verbs', but his research also lacks diachronic background.This research aims at providing some support of diachronic analyses to consummate the theory of'directional verbs', by giving out the pragmatic practices and dynamic changes of connection structure on the basis of five books that are belonging to five different periods, via Antconc.

关键词： 'Xia' diachronic analyses directional verb

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Investigation of the tarnish on the surface of a panda gold coin

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Rare Metals 2007年第1期26卷 68-73页

作者： YANG Changjiang LIANG Chenghao WANG Peng State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 China Electromechanics ＆ Materials Engineering Dalian Maritime University Dalian 116026China

In natural environment, tarnish was observed on the surface of historic and contemporary gold coins in several countries. Few years after the emergence of panda gold coins, several red spots were appeared on the surface. To identify the stains and to examine the spots, optical microscope （OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, electron microprobe analysis （EMPA）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were used. It was found by microscopic observation that the stain has a dark blue central area surrounded by a large area with a nuance of colors from brown to red. Red spots usually contain holes in the center, which are distributed along the forging stress zones formed in the struck process. From the surface analyses using EMPA, sulfur and silver are detected besides gold, and the contents of Ag and S at the tarnish part are higher than those at the other part. Furthermore, distributions of Ag and S are correlated with the morphology of stains. XPS shows that components of stains are Ag2S and Ag2SO4 and the former is much predominant. These results are confirmed using XRD analysis. Accelerated tarnish test of gold in an atmosphere containing sulfur compound proves that the similar phenomenon appears when a small amount of silver is present on the surface of gold. It can be concluded that the occurrence of tarnish stains is caused by the presence of Ag and S.

关键词： gold coins corrosion analyses tarnish silver

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Spatial-temporal variations of natural suitability of human settlement environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area A case study in Fengjie County,China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第1期13卷 1-17页

作者： Jieqiong LUO Tinggang ZHOU Peijun DU Zhigang XU Key Laboratory for Satellite Mapping Technology and Applications of State Administration of Surveying Mapping and Geoinformation of China Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Provincial Key Labomtory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for CoUabomtive Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China School of Geographical Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education) Chongqing 400715China

With rapid environmental degeneration and socio-economie development,the human settlement environment (HSE)has experienced dramatic changes and attracted attention from different communities.Consequently,the spatial-temporal evaluation of natural suitability of the human settlement environment (NSHSE)has become essential for understanding the patterns and dynamics of HSE,and for coordinating sustainable development among regional populations,resources,and environments.This study aims to explore the spatialtemporal evolution of NSHSE patterns in 1997,2005,and 2009 in Fengjie County near the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA).A spatially weighted NSHSE model was established by integrating multi-source data (e.g.,census data,meteorological data,remote sensing images,DEM data,and GIS data)into one framework,where the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)linear regression model was applied to calculate the weights of indices in the NSHSE model.Results show that the trend of natural suitability has been first downward and then upward, which is evidenced by the disparity of NSHSE existing in the south,north,and central areas of Fengjie County. Results also reveal clustered NSHSE patterns for all 30 townships.Meanwhile,NSHSE has significant influence on population distribution,and 71.49% of the total population is living in moderate and high suitable districts.

关键词： natural suitability of human settlement environment ordinary least squares model global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) Fengjie Cotmty

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Design of a novel 3-DOF hybrid mechanical arm

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第12期52卷 3592-3600页

作者： LI YanBiao JIN ZhenLin JI ShiMing College of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacture and Automation Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China

Parameter optimization for a novel 3-DOF hybrid mechanical arm was presented by using a statistics method called the statistics parameters optimization method based on index atlases.Several kinematics and mechanics performance evaluation indices were proposed and discussed,according to the kinematics and mechanics analyses of the mechanical arm.Considering the assembly technique,a prototype of the 3-DOF hybrid mechanical arm was developed,which provided a basis for applications of the 3-DOF hybrid mechanical arm.The novel 3-DOF hybrid mechanical arm can be applied to the modern industrial fields requiring high stiffness,lower inertia and good technological efficiency.A novel 6-DOF hybrid humanoid mechanical arm was built,in which the present mechanical arm was connected with a spherical 3-DOF parallel manipulator.

关键词： 3-DOF hybrid mechanical arm kinematics analyses performance evaluation index parameter optimization

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The Anomalous Response of Elastoplatic Circular Plates Under Impulsive Loading

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上海交通大学学报 2004年第Z2期38卷 14-18页

作者： Wu guiying Liu wei Yang guitong Institute of Applied Mechanics Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China Institute of Applied Mechanics Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China Institute of Applied Mechanics Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China

The anomalous nonlinear elastic, perfectly plastic response behaviors of circular plate subjected to short transverse pulse load is studied. The plate is assumed fixed-pin along the boundary. 'Anomalous' here means that the final deflection may be in the direction opposite that of the load. It has been found by detailed numerical analyses that there exists anomalous response in some narrow loading ranges, so called slots. By further calculations it is shown that this special dynamic behavior is related to coupling affects of internal forces and large plastic deformation after removal loading. Further plastic dissipation will be lead to anomalous dynamic response. This phenomena could be considered as the coupling of the geometry nonlinearity, material nonlinearity,elastic effects and the irrecoverable of the plastic deformation.

关键词： anomalous response elastoplastic plates numerical analyses

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