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Quality Assessment of Common Instant Noodles Sold in Nigeria Markets

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014年第17期5卷 1174-1177页

作者： Chukwuebuka T. Onyema Uche E. Ekpunobi Augustina A. Edowube Stanley Odinma Chinweotito E. Sokwaibe Pure and Industrial Chemistry Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Proximate and heavy metal analysis of five instant noodles samples was carried out using standard analytical methods. The proximate analysis showed the presence of moisture content (3.65% - 7.80%), ash content (1.11% - 5.50%), fat content (13.64% - 18.69%), crude protein content (0.167% - 0.202%), crude fibre content (1.00% - 9.25%) and carbohydrate content (63.68% - 79.72%). All essential elements (Fe and Zn) investigated in the noodle samples occurred within the threshold limit of WHO, (2003) standard (10.00 - 50.00 mg/kg and 5.000 - 22.000 mg/kg) while the heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pd) in some samples occurred at levels relatively above the minimum tolerable limit of WHO, (2003). Hence, caution should be taken in the successive consumption of these noodles to avoid diseases associated with the over time accumulation of these heavy metals especially in samples where they appeared in relatively high amount.

关键词： Proximate Heavy Metal Instant Noodles analyses

Heat Transfer Analysis in Cooling System of Hydropower’s Generator

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2015年第3期5卷 98-107页

作者： Abdollah Khalesi Doost Reza Majlessi Engineering Faculty Islamic Azad University Semnan Branch Semnan Iran

Cooling process of power plant generator is handled via air-cooled radiators in which the cooling water is supplied from lake with its water temperature varies from season to season. In this study, the effect of temperature fluctuations of cooling water entering the cooling system has been examined via analysis of energy (NTU method) and exergy. The exergy analysis has been done by definition of efficiency coefficient for exergy of cooling media (water) and heating media (air). Besides, the effect of changing the cooling water temperature and flow rate entering the radiators on the cooling system performance has been studied. The results revealed the generator cooling system performance level held sufficient till the temperature of inlet water was kept under 293 k (20°C). On one hand, when the temperature of cooling water at the inlet rises to 12°C, the rate of heat exchange at radiators falls up to 34.3%. On the other hand, by water temperature passing the 12°C limit, the efficiency of cooling media exergy falls to 78% leading to efficiency rise in radiators’ heating media exergy level to 61%. According to the results of this study, changing flow rate of cooling media up to 40% gives rise to the efficiency coefficient of radiators’ cooling media exergy level to about 18.7%. While it does not affect the efficiency level of energy at radiators, the flow rate rise of cooling media may not be considered as a way to give rise to efficiency level of radiators.

关键词： Cooling of Generator Air Cooler Energy Efficiency Exergy analyses Hydropower

Structure of Isolated Acer grandidentatum(Bigtooth Maple) Communities and Potential Population Changes

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第6期8卷 1368-1387页

作者： Oscar W. Van Auken Donna L. Taylor Chen-chen Shen Janis K. Bush Department of Biology University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio Texas USA Cisebsi Ltd. Co. Fair Oaks Ranch Texas USA Department of Forest Rangeland and Fire Sciences University of Idaho Idaho USA Environmental Science Academic Programs University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio Texas USA

Isolated, relic populations of Acer grandidentatum (bigtooth maple, Sapindaceae) were found in deep canyons in central Texas. Associated with them on hilltops were communities of Juniperus ashei (ash juniper). We determined the structure of relic A. grandidentatum populations and compared them to adjacent J. ashei populations. The overstory and understory density was counted and basal area was determined for all woody species in both communities using the quadrat procedure. Acer grandidentatum was the highest density (788 ± 964 or 52%) and basal area (29 ± 35 or 52%) overstory species in the canyon communities while J. ashei had the highest density (1589 ± 146 or 92%) and basal area (51 ± 13 or 88%) in the hilltop communities. In the understory of the canyon communities, there were five juvenile tree species including A. grandidentatum which had the fourth highest density (13% or 176 ± 110 plants/ha). In the hilltop communities, J. ashei was the high density understory tree species (52% or 994 ± 400 plants/ha). There were no A. Grandidentatum overstory or understory plants in the hilltop Juniperus communities. Acer grandidentatum had an inverse quadratic size distribution with few juveniles. Although we counted a number of seedlings, there was little recruitment over the last 16 years and very little potential recruitment in the previous 20 years. Juniperus ashei had an inverse exponential size distribution with many understory plants and considerable recruitment. Weibull age/size distributions showed one A. grandidentatum established in the 1670’s and 2 in the 1760’s, with peak establishment in the 1970’s. Causes of the lack of recent recruitment are uncertain, but it could be episodic due to changes in herbivory, management or other environmental conditions.

关键词： Age structure Community Structure Dendrochronology Diameter Structure Population Dynamics Weibull analyses

Santos Basin Wind Patterns for Planning Offshore Pre-Salt Activities

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第10期6卷 1134-1138页

作者： Otto M. Machado Filho Nelson F. F. Ebecken Marilia M. F. de Oliveira COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Santos Basin contains the major hub of oil and gas exploration in Brazil. Consequently, knowledge of ocean surface winds in this area is very important for operational and planning activities. In addition, the importance of renewable energies is nowadays unquestionable, specifically in the case of the wind energy. In this paper, a data clustering technique is applied in order to obtain representative local wind patterns in Santos Basin. Reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) have been used in this study.

关键词： Wind Cluster analyses Santos Basin Pre-Salt Oil and Gas Exploration Renewable Energy Systems

Detectability of Renal Arteries in Living Renal Donors Using Multi-Detector CT: Comparison among Axial and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Images

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2013年第3期3卷 75-81页

作者： Mari Kohno Tsuyoshi Tajima Kazuya Omoto Shuji Sakai Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Tokyo Women’s Medical University Tokyo Japan Department of Radiology National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan Department of Urology Tokyo Women’s Medical University Tokyo Japan

Purpose: The purpose was to compare the effectiveness of MDCT reconstruction methods that improve detectability for detecting the renal arteries in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy irrespective of the ability of the radiologist. Methods: 128 patients with left nephrectomy and either one or multiple renal arteries were enrolled. Radiologists with varying levels of expertise (5 board-certified and 3 non-certified) interpreted all MDCT images, including axial, VR and MIP images, independently and determined the numbers of renal arteries. The interpretation times, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy rates were analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the results from the various reconstruction methods. Results: At surgery, there were 156 arteries: 101 donors had one renal artery and 27 had multiple arteries. The interpretation time for board-certified radiologists was shorter than that for non-certified radiologists, and the interpretation time using MIP images was significantly shorter than that of using the other reconstruction methods. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy on axial images were significantly higher than those on other images. The average Az value for detection of the numbers of renal arteries using axial images was higher than that of using other images. Conclusion: MDCT is helpful in reviewing the numbers of donated renal arteries for radiologists with different levels of expertise, and different types of reconstructions.

关键词： Renal Transplantation Laparoscopic Nephrectomy MDCT Renal Arteries The ROC analyses

Characteristic Features of Lapis Lazuli from Different Provenances, Revised by μXRF, ESEM, PGAA and PIXE

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Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 2019年第2期7卷 57-69页

作者： Renate Noler Ines Feldmann Zsolt Kasztovszky Zoltan Szokefalvi-Nagy Imre Kovacs BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing 4.5 Analysis of Artefacts and Cultural Assets Unter den Eichen 44-46 12203 Berlin Germany BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing 4.2 Materials and Air Pollutants Richard-Willst鋞ter Str.11 12489 Berlin Germany Centre for Energy Research Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1121 Konkoly-Thege Str. 29-33 Budapest Hungary Wigner Research Centre for Physics Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1121 Konkoly-Thege Str. 29-33 Budapest Hungary

The objective of this study is to find out, to what extent the geochemical characteristics of lapis lazuli can be utilized in respect to its provenance. A wide range of variables is taken into consideration depending on the quantity of samples analysed from a specific geological region and the methods applied. In order to provide evidence, a multi-technique analytical approach using μXRF, ESEM, PGAA and PIXE is applied to samples from the most famous deposits of lapis lazuli. Special elements determined as fingerprints are compared in relation to the forming conditions obvious in textural features. The results and statistical output allow a differentiation that enables an optimized local classification of the blue stone. An absolute requirement for all geo-tracing performed on blue colored cultural objects of unknown provenance is awareness of the limits of analysis. The possible sources of lapis lazuli are tested by analysing the blue pigment used as paint on murals and ink on manuscripts from the Silk Road.

关键词： Lapis lazuli micro-XRF ESEM PGAA PIXE pigment analyses provenance studies

Environmental and Mineralogical Studies of the Sabkhas Soil at Ismailia—Suez Roadbed, Southern of Suez Canal District, Egypt

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Open Journal of Geology 2012年第3期2卷 165-181页

作者： Mohamed M. El-Omla Hamdy A. Aboulela Geology Department Faculty of Science Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt Marine Science Department Faculty of Science Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt

Eight surface sabkha soils samples were collected from Ismailia—Suez roadbed, southwestern of Suez Canal district. Sedimentological and mineralogical analyses were conducted using grain size;X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Grain size analysis indicates high contents of fine sand and mud as well as presence of salts. X-ray diffraction;Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and EDAX tool clarified that the sabkha soils are enriched by quartz, sulfate minerals (gypsum, anhydrite), carbonate minerals (calcite-dolomite-aragonite), chlorides (halite and bischofite), and clay minerals. The results elucidate that the appearance of sabkha deposits and their distribution in the study area are controlled mainly by the content of water soluble salts through parent materials;ground water table;subsurface structural;and physiographic features for instance surface relief or topography;and human activity.

关键词： Suez Canal Sabkha Soil Grain Size SEM and X-Ray Diffraction analyses

Cardiac Self-Efficacy and Fatigue One Year Post-Myocardial Infarction

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Open Journal of Nursing 2019年第4期9卷 396-407页

作者： Ulla Fredriksson-Larsson Department of Health Sciences University West Trollh&#228 ttan Sweden

Background: Patients and clinicians report that fatigue post-myocardial infraction (MI) is a bothersome symptom during recovery. Aim: The objective of this study was to explore whether there is a relationship between fatigue, cardiac self-efficacy, stress, breathlessness and physical activity one year post-MI. Method: Data were collected from a sample of patients diagnosed with MI one year earlier (n = 125) who responded to a questionnaire package measuring fatigue, cardiac self-efficacy, physical activity and the symptoms breathlessness and stress. Correlation and regression analyses were preformed to evaluate which factors were related to fatigue. Results: The results showed that cardiac self-efficacy was associated with fatigue (r = −0.611, p = 0.01) and the regression model, controlling for breathlessness and stress, showed an explained variance of 72% one year post-MI. Physical activity was not significant in this model and did not predict fatigue during this time period. Conclusion: Post-MI fatigue-relief support should rely not only on identification of fatigue and other concurrent symptoms, but also on identification of cardiac self-efficacy.

关键词： Cardiac Self-Efficacy Fatigue Myocardial Infarction Regression analyses

The Graded Inclusion of Algae (Spirulina platensis) or Insect (Hermetia illucens) Meal as a Soybean Meal Substitute in Meat Type Chicken Diets Impacts on Growth, Nutrient Deposition and Dietary Protein Quality Depending on the Extent of Amino Acid Supplementation

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2018年第2期8卷 163-183页

作者： Carmen Neumann Susanne Velten Frank Liebert Department of Animal Sciences Division Animal Nutrition PhysiologyGeorg-August-University of GoettingenGoettingenGermany

Three consecutive growth experiments were conducted to evaluate growth performance, whole body analyses and protein quality parameters from chicken diets with 50%, 75% and 100% substitution of soybean meal (SBM) by Spirulina meal (SM) or partly defatted Hermetia meal (HM). Each of the experiments was divided into a starter period (1 - 21 d) and a grower period (22 - 34 d). One-day-old male growing chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 48 floor pens making use of 6 birds/pen (Exp.1) or 7 birds/pen (Exp. 2, 3), and the experiments included a control diet (n = 12) and four experimental diets (n = 9). Experiment 1 examined a 50 % replacement of SBM by the alternative proteins under study, both on a basic and an advanced level of amino acid (AA) fortification to meet the recommended ideal amino acid ratio (IAAR). In experiment 2, 75% (starter diet) and 50% (grower diet) replacement of SBM was investigated. Experiment 3 investigated the effects of complete SBM substitution by SM or HM in starter and grower diets. In the second and third experiment diets with both of the alternative proteins and the control diet were AA supplemented to meet the current IAAR. In a further step, the calculated first limiting AA (LAA) was reduced to 80% of its requirement recommendation to allow for further evaluation of the individual AA efficiency according to the “Goettingen approach”. Different levels (50%, 75%, or 100%) of replacing SBM by HM or SM in chicken diets depressed dietary protein quality (p 0.001) and zoo-technical parameters (p 0.001) with only a basic level of AA supplementation. This effect was much more pronounced in diets with SM. However, with an extended level of dietary AA supplementation zoo-technical parameters (p 0.001), crude protein deposition (p 0.001) and protein quality parameters (p 0.001) were significantly improved. HM diets with an advanced level of AA tended to provide higher dietary protein quality and growth performance as compared to all SBM replacement levels through SM with different levels

关键词： Growing Chickens Amino Acids N Utilization Model Growth Performance Body analyses Alternative Proteins Feed Protein Quality