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Biomethanisation of Municipal Solid Waste by anaerobic fungi Co-culture with Methanogens： An Approach to Energy Recovery

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2010年第6期4卷 60-66页

作者： N.R. Chandra Shekar Reddy H.K. Ramaraju Quality ＆ Environment Volvo India Private Limited Bangalore 562122 Karnataka India Civil ＆ Environnemental Engineering Department Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Kumara Swamy Layout Bangalore560078 Karnataka India

In nature, cellulose, lignocellulose and lignin are major sources of plant biomass; their recycling is indispensable for global carbon cycle. The major portion of the municipal solid waste consists of lignocellulose. The incineration of organic fraction of municipal solid waste （OFMSW） with high moisture content and low calorific value is not environmentally, techno-commercially viable option for energy recovery. Optimization of biomethanisation process is aim to maximize organic waste stabilization at short digestion period with higher energy recovery. The biomethanisation studies, demonstrate co-digestion of substrates improves CH4 yield due to nutrients balance. fungi are low sensitive to environment, thrive in acidic environment and produces required multi-enzyme, attach to cell envelope and hydrolyze the substrate for energy recovery. Fermentation of cellulose by the monoculture results in the formation of H2, CO2, formate, acetate, lactate, succinate, and ethanol. In co-cultures with Methanobacterium, H2 and formate reduction indicates it＇s utilized in CH4 production. Engineered co-culture of microorganisms is essential for the heterogeneous complex organic substrate degradation for extraction of unutilized energy fraction of biomass, as potential source of energy.

关键词： MSW anaerobic fungi cellulose degradation enzymes

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A phylogenetic census of global diversity of gut anaerobic fungiand a new taxonomic framework

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Fungal Diversity 2018年第2期89卷 253-266页

作者： Shyam Sundar Paul Dengpan Bu Jianchu Xu Kevin D.Hyde Zhongtang Yu Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University2029 Fyffe CourtColumbusOH 43210USA ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes Sirsa RoadHisarHaryana 125001India State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry World Agroforestry CentreEast and Central AsiaBeijing 100193China Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety CICAPSChangsha 410128China Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Center of Excellence in Fungal Diversity Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand

Obligate anaerobic fungi of the phylum Neocallimastigomycota play a key role in digesting fibrous feeds in the gut ofherbivores, but little is known about their global diversity. In this study, the collective diversity of gut anaerobic fungi wasexamined using all curated internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences of anaerobic gut fungi available in *** 262,770 quality-checked fungal ITS1 sequences downloaded from GenBank were assigned to 274 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the approximate species level. Of these approximate species-equivalent (Sp-eq) OTUs, 119 wererepresented by at least five ITS1 sequences, with 38 containing known species and 81 containing no known species. Basedon a rarefaction analysis, the currently available ITS1 sequences represent nearly all the major species of gut anaerobicfungi, but much more sequencing effort is needed to assess the actual richness of minor OTUs. One dataset of ITS1reference sequences (referred to as AF-RefSeq) and one comprehensive taxonomic framework are also presented, and theyare shown to be suitable for taxonomic classification of most of the ITS1 sequences in GenBank. The results of the presentstudy may help guide future studies involving taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 sequences of anaerobic fungiand targeted isolation and characterization of new anaerobic fungi.

关键词： anaerobic fungi Global diversity ITS1 sequences Rumen Taxonomic framework

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Designing chimeric enzymes inspired by fungal cellulosomes

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2020年第1期5卷 23-32页

作者： Sean P.Gilmore Stephen P.Lillington Charles H.Haitjema Randall de Groot Michelle A.O'Malley Department of Chemical Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA93106United States MC 5080 University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA93106-5080United States

Cellulosomes are synthesized by anaerobic bacteria and fungi to degrade lignocellulose via synergistic action of multiple enzymes fused to a protein *** templating key protein domains(cohesin and dockerin),designer cellulosomes have been engineered from bacterial motifs to alter the activity,stability,and degradation efficiency of enzyme *** a parts list for fungal cellulosomes from the anaerobic fungi(Neocallimastigomycota)was determined,which revealed sequence divergent fungal cohesin,dockerin,and scaffoldin domains that could be used to expand the available toolbox to synthesize designer *** this work,multi-domain carbohydrate active enzymes(CAZymes)from 3 cellulosome-producing fungi were analyzed to inform the design of chimeric proteins for synthetic cellulosomes inspired by anaerobic *** particular,Piromyces finnis was used as a structural template for chimeric carbohydrate active *** enzymes with retained properties were engineered by combining thermophilic glycosyl hydrolase domains from Thermotoga maritima with dockerin domains from Piromyces *** preserving the protein domain order from ***,chimeric enzymes retained catalytic activity at temperatures over 80°C and were able to associate with cellulosomes purified from anaerobic *** cellulosomes harbor a wide diversity of glycoside hydrolases,each representing templates for the design of chimeric *** conserving dockerin domain position within the primary structure of each protein,the activity of both the catalytic domain and dockerin domain was retained in enzyme *** further,the domain positioning inferred from native fungal cellulosome proteins can be used to engineer multi-domain proteins with non-native favorable properties,such as thermostability.

关键词： Cellulosome Dockerin Scaffoldin anaerobic fungi Thermophile Enzyme

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