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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2005年第8期37卷 573-579页

作者： Xian LI Shi-Cui ZHANG~* Zhen-Hui LIU Hong-Yan LI Department of Marine Biology,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China Department of Marine Biology Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China

The complete cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences of the ribosomal proteins S23(AmphiS23)and L35(AmphiL35)from amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense were identified inthis ***23 cDNA is 546 bp long and encodes a protein of 143 amino *** has a predictedmolecular mass of 15,851 Da and a pI of ***35 cDNA comprises 473 bp,and codes for a proteinof 123 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 14,543 Da and a pI of ***23 shares morethan 83% identity with its homologues in the vertebrates and more than 84% identity with those in ***35 is more than 63% identical to its counterparts in the vertebrates and more than52% identical to those in the *** blot analysis demonstrated the existence of 1-2 copiesof the S23 gene and 2-3 copies of the L35 gene in the genome of amphioxus *** *** in sharp contrast to the presence of 6-13 copies of the S23 gene and 15-17 copies of the L35 gene in therat *** is clear that the housekeeping genes like S23 and L35 underwent a large-scale duplication inthe vertebrate lineage,reinforcing the gene/genome duplication hypothesis.

关键词： amphioxus ribosomal protein S23 L35 copy number

Functional characterization of an orexin neuropeptide in amphioxus reveals an ancient origin of orexin/orexin receptor system in chordate

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第12期62卷 1655-1669页

作者： Peng Wang Meng Wang Liping Zhang Shenjie Zhong Wanyue Jiang Ziyue Wang Chen Sun Shicui Zhang Zhenhui Liu Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity College of Marine Life Science Ocean University of China

amphioxus belongs to the subphylum cephalochordata, an extant representative of the most basal chordates, whose regulation of endocrine system remains ambiguous. Here we clearly demonstrated the existence of a functional orexin neuropeptide in amphioxus, which is able to interact with orexin receptor, activate both PKC and PKA pathways, decrease leptin expression, and stimulate lipogenesis. We also showed the transcription level of amphioxus orexin was affected by fasting or temperature,indicating a role of this gene in the regulation of energy balance. In addition, the expression of the amphioxus orexin was detected at cerebral vesicle, which has been proposed to be a homolog of the vertebrate brain. These data collectively suggest that a functional orexin neuropeptide has already emerged in amphioxus, which provide insights into the evolutionary origin of orexin in chordate and the functional homology between the cerebral vesicle and vertebrate brain.

关键词： amphioxus orexin neuropeptide evolution

Position in the evolution of reproductive endocrine of amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第3期43卷 177-185页

作者： FANG Yongqiang Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China Third Institute of Oceanography SOA Xiamen China

This review summarizes the recent discoveries of many authors who found that in amphioxus Hatschek’s pit is capable of synthesizing vertebrate gonadotropin_like substance, and that the content of gonadotropin_releasing hormone in the amphioxus’ body shows a positive correlation with the reproductive cycle, and that the sex steroid hormone exists in gonads. Exogenous hormones could promote gonadal development, maturation and reproductive activity in amphioxus. A possible implication might be that the reproductive activity in amphioxus is regulated by reproductive hormones like vertebrate, indicating the existence of primitive reproductive endocrine regulatory axis, brain vesicle_Hatschek’s pit_gonads axis, as compared with regulatory axis of vertebrate. It will provide a new line for establishing the position of reproductive endocrine evolution in lancelet.

关键词： amphioxus (lancelet) Hatschek’s pit reproductive endocrine evolution gonadotropin_releasing hormone gonadotropin sex steriod hormone.

Distribution of growth hormone-like immunoreactive cells and somatostatin receptors in the nervous system and Hatschek's pit of amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第4期16卷 359-365页

作者： FANG Yongqiang and WENG Youzhu Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China [a]Third Institute of Oceanography Xiamen China

Using immunohistochemical method and double staining technique, the localization of growth hormone (GH) and somatostatin receptors in the nervous system and Hatschek’s pit of amphioxus has been investigated. The results showed that the growth hormone-like nerve cells and endocrine cells as well as three subtypes of somatostatin receptors exist in the nervous system and Hatschek s pit, and GH-like nerve cells and endocrine cells co-exist with three subtypes of somatostatin receptors in the brain vesicle and Hatschek s pit. It is suggested that a primitive control system of inhibitory growth hormone secretion in Hatschek s pit could have been developed in amphioxus, as in vertebrates. The present study provides new evidence for the endocrinology and the evolution of Hatschek’s pit.

关键词： amphioxus nervous system Hatschek’s pit growth hormone-like cell somatostatin receptor.

Synergistic actions of complement and lysozyme in clearance of Escherichia coli from amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第2期19卷 179-185页

作者： Guangfeng Wang a,Shicui Zhang a,Zhimeng Zhuang b,Zhiping Wang a a Department of Marine Biology,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China b Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Qingdao 266071,China [a]Department of Marine Biology Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China [b]Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Qingdao 266071 China

amphioxus appears to lack free circulating blood cells. How it clears invading pathogens from its body remains unknown to date. We demonstrate here that amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri is capable of efficiently eliminating the invading bacterium Escherichia coli from its humoral fluid,and the complement and lysozyme are both involved in the elimination of the invading pathogen. Both the com-plement and lysozyme act in concert against the invading bacterium,but the complement appears to play a more dominant role than the lysozyme.

关键词： amphioxus Branchiostoma Complement Lysozyme Humoral fluids Anti-bacterial activity

INDUCTION OF ECTODERMAL CELLS FROM VEGETALENDODERMAL BLASTOMERES OF amphioxus(BRANCHIOSTOMA BELCHERI TSINGTAUNESE) EMBRYOS BY THE CALCIUM IONOPHORE A23187

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1999年第2期17卷 97-104页

作者：张士璀郑家声张红卫毛炳宇 College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of Qingdao Qingdao China Department of Biology Shandong University Jinan China

Timing of vegetal-endodermal cell determination in amphioxus embryos remains uncertain. We tentatively testal effects of A23187, the calcium ionophore, on the deveopment of vegetal blastomeres isolated at the 16-cell stage. It was found that when vegetal blastomres committed to endodermwere treated with A23187 prior to gastrulation, they were transformed into ectodermal cells as evidenced by the cell morphology and function characteristic of epidermis. Howver, the developmental fate of the sam blastomeres untreated or treated with DMSO at the same stage or of those treated with A23187 after gastrulation remained unchanged. Thus, vegetal-endodermal cells in amphioxus embryos are not irreversibly deermined before the gastrula stage, and artificial incarease in intracelluar Ca2+ concentration can induce transdetermination of the predetermined endodermal cells into ectodermal cells.

关键词： amphioxus ectodermal cells vegetal blastomeres ionophore induction

Effects of damage of Hatschek's pit of amphioxus on its structure and function

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第18期46卷 1528-1533页

作者： Yongqiang Fang Youzhu Weng Lie Chen Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen China

It is found for the first time that, after the structure and endocrine function of Hatschek’s pit of Bran-chiostoma belcheri are damaged by monosodium glu-tamate (MSG) treatment in breeding season, tbe ovulation of mature ovary, as well as the development of both ovary and testis of large-growth stage are obstructed and stagnated; and in non-breeding season, the process of gonadal development is delayed. The disturbed ovulation and gonadal development can definitely be restored with exogenous gonad-otropic hormone as the therapeutical substitute. These results may provide new proof for the complete understanding of the evolutional process of pituitary function in vertebrates and playing an important role in the reproductive endocrine control system of Hatschek’s pit of amphioxus.

关键词： amphioxus monosodium glutamate Hatschek’s pit gonads.

Distribution of ghrelin-like immunoreactive cells in amphioxus,Branchiostoma belcheri-A study of immunohistochemistry

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第2期18卷 245-249页

作者： You-Zhu Weng,Hai-Xia Song,Yong-Qiang Fang The Third Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration,Xiamen 361005,China The Third Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration Xiamen 361005 China

The distribution of ghrelin-like immunoreactive cells in amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri) was investigated by using immunohisto-chemical staining with rabbit antiserum against synthetical mammalian ghrelin. The results showed that ghrelin-like immunoreactive cells were distributed widely in the nervous system,Hatschek’s pit,wheel organ,digestive tract and gonads (ovary and testis). In nervous system,ghrelin-like immunoreactive neurons and their protrusions were distributed specifically on the dorsal side,ventral side and funnel part of brain vesicle,with a few dispersive immunoreactive nerve cells and their fibers in nerve tube. Ghrelin-like immunoreactivities were also detected in Hatschek’s pit epithelial cells and wheel organ cells,with positive substance located along cell membrane. In digestive tract,ghrelin-like immunoreactive cells existed in hepatic diverticulum,anterior and posterior region of midgut,and could be classified into two types,closed-and opened-type endocrine cells. The number of positive cells was most in hepatic diverticulum,secondary in posterior region of midgut and least in anterior region of midgut. In gonads,ghrelin-like immunoreactive substance was detected in oogonia,oocytes and follicle cells in ovary at the small and large growth stages and in early spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells in testis. The extensive distribution of ghrelin-like cells in amphioxus suggested that these kinds of cells are conservative in evolution and diver-sified in function. At the same time,we found for the first time that ghrelin-like immunoreactive cells existed in brain vesicle and Hat-schek’s pit,which provided new morphological evidence for the existence of an activation pathway between brain vesicle and Hatschek’s pit for the regulation of growth hormone excretion.

关键词： Ghrelin amphioxus Nervous system Hatschek’s pit Digestive tract Gonad

Developmental expression amphioxus Branchiostoma pattern of calmodulin gene in belcheri tsingtauense

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2010年第6期28卷 1221-1226页

作者： LUAN Jing GENG Jinpei FANG Shaoqing SU Zhiping ZHANGJingxuan XU Hongyan WANGYing LUMin YIN Weili MENG Guangxiao Department of Marine Biology Ocean university of China Qingdao 266003 China Yantai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Yantai 264000 China

We investigated the developmental expression pattern of AmphiCaM in cephalochordate amphioxus （Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense）. We cultured and sampled the animals at different developmental stages （eggs and larvae）, and used in-situ hybridization and northern blotting to document the spatial and temporal changes in AmphiCaM expression. The alimentary tract dominates the development from the late neurula stage to the adult stage. AmphiCaM expression increased significantly in the alimentary tract during the late neurula stage and remained elevated in the adults. Our results indicate that AmphiCaM is involved in the differentiation of the alimentary tract in amphioxus; and furthermore, provide an insight into the change in function of CaM genes during evolution.

关键词： amphioxus calmodulin expression evolution

Hepatic caecum of amphioxus and origin of vertebrate liver

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第11期42卷 1-8页

作者： Shicui Zhang Zhaokang Shen Haifeng Li College of Life and Geographic Sciences Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionKashi UniversityKashi 844000China Institute of Evolution&Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China

Liver is characteristic of all *** a critical hub for many physiological processes including metabolism,innate immunity,protein synthesis and detoxification,its evolutionary origin was largely underappreciated in history,and only received due attention in recent *** has been suggested by morphological,ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies that the hepatic caecum of amphioxus is homologous to the liver of vertebrate *** biology studies demonstrated that amphioxus hepatic caecum expresses plenty of vertebrate liver-specific *** functional studies revealed significant similarities between amphioxus hepatic caecum and vertebrate *** also found that the functions of hepatic caecum are subjected to the regulation of pituitary hormones just as the liver *** provide solid evidences supporting the notion that the hepatic caecum is the homologue of liver,which may represent the first stage in chordate evolution,laying a foundation for the subsequent formation of the liver as we know it in *** studies on the specification and morphogenesis of hepatic caecum in amphioxus will shed more lights on the origin and evolution of vertebrate liver.

关键词： protochordate amphioxus hepatic caecum liver evolution