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EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第12期19卷 1496-1499页

作者： WANG Hong-qi LU Si-jin LI hua YAO Zhi-hua College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China.

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils. Bidens is a new Pb hyperaccumulator, which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb. The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues. The Pb distribution order in the B. was： leaf 〉 stem 〉 root. The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied. The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application. Compared with CK （control check）, EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant. The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg. This research demonstrated that B. maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil, especially, combination with EDTA.

关键词： phytoremediation Bidens maximowicziana lead amendment EDTA

Reduction of arsenic bioavailability by amending seven inorganic materials in arsenic contaminated soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第7期14卷 1414-1422页

作者： SUN Yuan-yuan LIU Rong-le ZENG Xi-bai LIN Qi-mei BAI Ling-yu LI Lian-fang SU Shi-ming WANG Ya-nan Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-EnvironmentMinistry of Agriculture College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Seven inorganic amendment materials were added into arsenic （As） contaminated soil at a rate of 0.5% （w/w）; the materials used were sepiolite, red mud, iron grit, phosphogypsum, ferrihydrite, iron phosphate, and layered double oxides （LDO）. Plant growth trials using rape （edible rape, Brassia campestris L.） as a bio-indicator are commonly used to assess As bio- availability in soils. In this study, B. campestris was grown in a contaminated soil for 50 days. All of the inorganic amend- ments significantly inhibited the uptake of As by B. campestris. Following soil treatment with the seven aforementioned inorganic ammendments, the As concentrations in the edible parts of B. campestris were reduced by 28.6, 10.5, 8.7, 31.0, 47.4, 25.3, and 28.8%, respectively, as compared with the plants grown in control soil. The most effective amendment was ferdhydrite, which reduced As concentration in B. campestris from 1.84 to 0.97 mg kg-~, compared to control. Furthermore, ferrihydrite-treated soils had a remarkable decrease in both non-specifically sorbed As and available-As by 67 and 20%, respectively, comparing to control. Phosphogypsum was the most cost-effective amendment and it showed excellent performance in reducing the water soluble As in soils by 31% and inhibiting As uptake in B. campestris by 21% comparing to control. Additionally, obvious differences in As transfer rates were observed in the various amendments. The seven amendment materials used in this study all showed potential reduction of As bioavailability and influence on plant growth and other biological processes still need to be further explored in the long term.

关键词： arsenic amendment bioavailability Brassia campestris L.

Assessment of compost and three biochars associated with Ailanthus altissima(Miller)Swingle for lead and arsenic stabilization in a post-mining Technosol

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Pedosphere 2021年第6期31卷 944-953页

作者： Ibrahim ALIDOU-ARZIKA Manhattan LEBRUN Florie MIARD Romain NANDILLON Gulriz BAYCU Sylvain BOURGERIE Domenico MORABITO University of Orleans INRA USC1328LBLGC EA1207Orleans 45067(France) Division of Botany Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceIstanbul UniversityIstanbul 34134(Turkey) Department of Bioscience and Territory University of MolisePesche 86090(Italy)

The elevated presence of metal(loid)s in the environment significantly impacts ecosystems and human health and is generally largely due to industrial and mining ***,in the current study,we investigated and proposed an environmentally friendly method(phytomanagement)aimed at reducing the negative impacts associated with metal(loid)pollution through the use of soil amendments(biochar and compost)to permit Ailanthus altissima growth on a highly contaminated mining Technosol,with arsenic(As)and lead(Pb)contents of 539.06 and 11453 mg kg^(-1),*** objective was to examine the impacts of three biochars and compost on i)the physicochemical characteristics of soil,ii)metal(loid)immobilization in soil,and iii)*** *** revealed that the application of biochar as a soil amendment improved soil conditions by increasing soil electrical conductivity,pH,and water-holding ***,concomitantly,we observed a large reduction(99%)in Pb mobility and availability following application of the hardwood biochar in combination with compost(HBCP).Thus,this combined soil amendment was most effective in promoting *** *** addition,the HBCP treatment prevented As translocation in the upper parts of plants,although soil pore water As concentration was not diminished by amendment application.

关键词： amendment metal(loid) mining soil phytomanagement soil pore water

Potential Use of a Poultry Manure Digestate as a Biofertiliser:Evaluation of Soil Properties and Lactuca sativa Growth

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 60-69页

作者： Natalia MóRTOLA Romina ROMANIUK Vanina COSENTINO Maximiliano EIZA Patricia CARFAGNO Pedro RIZZO Patricia BRES Nicolás RIERA Marcos ROBA Mariano BUTTI Daiana SAINZ Lucrecia BRUTTI Soil Institute National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Institute of Zoology and Agricultural Microbiology National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Rural Engineering Institute National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA)

Anaerobic digestion is a process that is widely used for the treatment of organic wastes. The digestate can be used as a soil amendment or crop fertiliser. The aims of our work were to evaluate 1) the physicochemical composition and pathogen content in a digestate from poultry manure, according to international regulations, and 2) the effect of its soil application on the major chemical and biological soil properties and on the growth of Lactuca sativa. The experiment consisted of two groups of pots(with and without crop). Treatments applied to each group were as follows: low and high doses of digestate and inorganic fertiliser, and no application(control)(low dose: 70 kg nitrogen(N) ha^(-1) and 21 kg phosphorus(P) ha^(-1); high dose: 210 kg N ha^(-1) and 63 kg P ha^(-1)). Soil samples were taken 7 and 34 d(harvest) after treatment applications. Heavy metal and pathogen contents in the digestate were below the upper limit values. Despite the high pH and electrical conductivity values of the digestate, both soil parameters presented acceptable values for crop growth. Although there were no initial increases in total inorganic N and available P in soil with digestate application, an increase in the fresh weight of crop was observed with the high dose application. This is probably associated with the slow nutrient release from the digestate during the development of the crop. Changes in the microbial community were temporary and occurred at the initial sampling stage of the experiment.

关键词： anaerobic digestion crop yield organic fertiliser organic waste soil amendment soil chemical properties soil microbiological properties

Straw and biochar strongly affect functional diversity of microbial metabolism in paddy soils

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第7期18卷 1474-1485页

作者： YUAN Hong-zhao ZHU Zhen-ke WEI Xiao-meng LIU Shou-long PENG Pei-qin Anna Gunina SHEN Jian-lin Yakov Kuzyakov GE Ti-da WU Jin-shui WANG Jiu-rong Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125P.R.China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004P.R. China Department of Soil Biology and Biochemistry Dokuchaev Soil Science InstituteMoscow 119017Russian Federation Department of Agricultural Soil Science University of GottingenGottingen 37077Germany Institute of Environmental Sciences Kazan Federal UniversityKazan 420049Russian Federation Agro-Technology Institute RUDN UniversityMoscow 117198Russian Federation

The application of straw and biochar is widely practiced for the improvement of soil ***,its impact on microbial functional profiles,particularly with regard to paddy soils,is not well *** aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of microbial carbon use patterns in paddy soils amended with straw or straw-derived biochar in a 3-year field experiment in fallow soil and at various development stages of a rice crop(i.e.,tillering and blooming).We applied the community level physiological profiling approach,with 15 substrates(sugars,carboxylic and amino acids,and phenolic acid).In general,straw application resulted in the greatest microbial functional diversity owing to the greater number of available C sources than in control or biochar *** amendment promoted the use of α-ketoglutaric acid,the mineralization of which was higher than that of any other *** component analyses indicated that microbial functional diversity in the biochar-amended soil was separated from those of the straw-amended and control *** analyses revealed that soil organic carbon content was the most important factor regulating the pattern of microbial carbon *** and nutrient uptake by rice plants modulated microbial functions in paddy soils and stimulated the microbial use of N-rich substances,such as amino ***,our results demonstrated that the functional diversity of microorganisms in organic amended paddy soils is affected by both physicochemical properties of amendment and plant growth stage.

关键词： carbon metabolism microbial functional diversity biochar amendment paddy soil MicroRespTM

Biochar Combined with Vermicompost Increases Crop Production While Reducing Ammonia and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Paddy Soil

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 82-94页

作者： WU Di FENG Yanfang XUE Lihong LIU Manqiang YANG Bei HU Feng YANG Linzhang Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Soil Ecology Lab College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University

Organic amendments such as vermicompost and biochar have been reported to enhance soil fertility and crop ***, whether the co-application of both amendments has synergistic effects or whether such benefits are accompanied by the risk of gaseous nitrogen(N) loss in an agroecosystem remains unknown. A soil column experiment with a fully factorial design was conducted using three levels of vermicompost(no dose, low dose(1%, weight:weight), and high dose(3%, weight:weight)) without or with biochar(1%, weight:weight) to investigate their effects on rice growth and gaseous N loss across the crop growing season. Our results demonstrated that synergistic interactions existed between vermicompost and biochar in promoting crop yield. Compared with biochar amendment alone, biochar combined with vermicompost significantly(P amendment significantly(P < 0.01) decreased the cumulative N_2O emission by 14.1%–18.6%. The lowest emission factor value of NH_3 and N_2O was achieved using biochar in combination with low dose of vermicompost. This study revealed that the combination of biochar and moderate dose of vermicompost offers a novel approach to promote crop productivity while reducing the environmental risk.

关键词： ammonia volatilization crop yield earthworm ecosystem services emission factor gaseous nitrogen loss organic amendment organic waste

Benefits of Biochars and NPK Fertilizers for Soil Quality and Growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in an Acid Arenosol

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Pedosphere 2019年第3期29卷 311-333页

作者： Rogerio Borguete Alves RAFAEL Maria Luisa FERNANDEZ-MARCOS Stefania COCCO Maria Letizia RUELLO Flavio FORNASIER Giuseppe CORTI Department of Rural Engineering Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo 257 (Mozambique) Department of Agriculture Food and Environmental Sciences Univ er sit a Politecnica delle Marche Ancona 60131 (Italy) Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Lugo 27002 (Spain) Department of Materials Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning Universita Politecnica delle Marche Ancona 60131 (Italy) Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia Gorizia 34170 (Italy) Instituto de Biodiv ersidade Agraria e Desenvolvimento Rural Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Lugo 27002 (Spain)

Fertilization is required for optimum plant growth, particularly in unfertile soils, while optimizing nutrient use effciency is an alternative to reduce inorganic fertilizer needs and reduce environmental problems caused by nutrient leaching. This study investigated soil properties and cowpea yield responses to biochars(BCs) made from different feedstocks, baby corn peel biochar(BC1), branches of mango tree biochar(BC2), and rice husk biochar(BC3), applied in combination with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK) *** experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using an acid sandy soil(Arenosol) that was submitted for 70 d to the following eight treatments: i) control;ii) full dose of NPK(a commercial compound fertilizer(12-24-12 of N-P2O5-K2O)+ urea(46% N));iii) BC1+ half dose of NPK;iv) BC1 + full dose of NPK;v) BC2 + half dose of NPK;vi) BC2 + full dose of NPK;vii) BC3 + half dose of NPK;and viii) BC3 + full dose of NPK. All biochars were applied at a rate of 0.9%(weight/weight), and each type of biochar was combined with half and full doses of NPK fertilizers. Soil pH increased significantly(P < 0.05) in treatments with BC1 and BC2,while cation exchange capacity(CEC) and available P were higher in the treatments with BC1;BC1 and BC2 also induced higher activity of enzymes related to the P cycle and higher cowpea yield. Similar soil properties and cowpea yield parameters were obtained with the full and half doses of NPK fertilizers for each type of biochar used. In conclusion, biochars in the combination with NPK fertilizers improved soil chemistry and enzymatic activities, allowing reduced fertilizer application and food production costs in the acid soil studied.

关键词： acid soil nutrient use effciency organic amendment plant growth potential enzyme activity soil fertility soil pH

Study on Improvement of Soil Porosity

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Asian Agricultural Research 2022年第4期14卷 44-45,61页

作者： Xiong YAN Wenzhao LI Xuhui WANG Qiuyan WANG Ling YANG Jun ZHAO Zunyi Normal University Zunyi 563006 China Key Laboratory of Soil Resources and Environment Characteristics in Northern Guizhou Province Zunyi 563006 China Guizhou Qianbei Granary Meters Co. Ltd. Zunyi 563006 China

In order to further improve soil porosity and improve soil physical properties,the raw materials,formula and application methods of soil amendment were optimized,and the pH and porosity of yellow soil were compared and analyzed after application of soil *** results showed that the application of amendments increased soil pH and *** results will provide the scientific basis for the improvement of soil porosity.

关键词： Soil Porosity amendment

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行政诉讼法修订刍议（英文）

China Legal Science 2015年第2期3卷 104-128页

作者：刘筱娟 Center for Administrative Reform and Government Organizational Law China University of Political Science and Law

《行政诉讼法》自1989年实施以来面临第一次修订。本文追溯了1949年以来《行政诉讼法》的发展历程,回顾了最初的实施及目前的现状,重点梳理了促成此次修订的若干因素。随后,从文本出发,通过对比原法条文和三轮修订稿,从规范层面探讨了... 详细信息

《行政诉讼法》自1989年实施以来面临第一次修订。本文追溯了1949年以来《行政诉讼法》的发展历程,回顾了最初的实施及目前的现状,重点梳理了促成此次修订的若干因素。随后,从文本出发,通过对比原法条文和三轮修订稿,从规范层面探讨了修订涉及的核心话题,如诉讼功能、受案范围、原告资格、审判体制及判决等,通过对以上素材的分析展现修法面临的核心争议及路径选择。本次修订解决了诸多实质性问题,但仍有缺憾。

关键词：行政诉讼法 administrative amendment judicial court 受案范围诉讼功能原告资格 legal civil