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Inversion tillage with straw incorporation affects the patterns of soil microbial co-occurrence and multi-nutrient cycling in a Hapli-Udic Cambisol

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1546-1559页

作者： CHEN Xu HAN Xiao-zeng WANG Xiao-hui GUO Zhen-xi YAN Jun LU Xin-chun ZOU Wen-xiu Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesHarbin 150081P.R.China Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Wafangdian City Wafangdian 116300P.R.China Modern Agricultural Development Service Center of Tieling County Tieling 112600P.R.China

Inversion tillage with straw amendment is widely applied in northeastern China, and it can substantially increase the storage of carbon and improve multiple subsoil functions. Soil microorganisms are believed to be the key to this process,but research into their role in subsoil amelioration is limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in 2018 in a region in northeastern China with Hapli-Udic Cambisol using four treatments: conventional tillage(CT, tillage to a depth of 15 cm with no straw incorporation), straw incorporation with conventional tillage(SCT, tillage to a depth of 15 cm),inversion tillage(IT, tillage to a depth of 35 cm) and straw incorporation with inversion tillage(SIT, tillage to a depth of 35 cm). The soils were managed by inversion to a depth of 15 or 35 cm every year after harvest. The results indicated that SIT improved soil multi-nutrient cycling variables and increased the availability of key nutrients such as soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in both the topsoil and subsoil.In contrast to CT and SCT, SIT created a looser microbial network structure but with highly centralized clusters by reducing the topological properties of average connectivity and node number, and by increasing the average path length and the modularity. A Random Forest analysis found that the average path length and the clustering coefficient were the main determinants of soil multi-nutrient cycling. These findings suggested that SIT can be an effective option for improving soil multi-nutrient cycling and the structure of microbial networks, and they provide crucial information about the microbial strategies that drive the decomposition of straw in Hapli-Udic Cambisol.

关键词： soil microbiome microbial co-occurrence networks straw amendment soil nutrient

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Insight into modified biochars and their immobilizing effects on heavy metal(loid)s in contaminated soils: Mechanisms and influencing factors

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Pedosphere 2023年第1期33卷 23-33页

作者： Ehma Rose GUERET YADIBERET MENZEMBERE Yinhai HE Yingbo DONG Bing LI Chenjing LIU Hai LIN Lengue SAMBIANI School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants Beijing 100083China University of International Business and Economics Beijing 100029China

Soil contamination by heavy metal(loid)s is a considerable environmental concern,and immobilization is a promising way to reduce toxicity.In recent years,modified/engineered biochars have gained enormous attention for their use in soil remediation,and various studies have reported notable results from their application and their ability to immobilize heavy metal(loid)s.In this review,a summary of publications on the utilization of modified biochars is presented to address the heavy metal(loid)threat in soils.Various modified/engineered biochars were described from the review of relevant publications.Modification causes great changes in biochar surface chemistry,such as increases in pore volume,surface functional groups,and metal binding sites,which can be observed through various analytical techniques,including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and magnetism.Such analytical approaches elucidate immobilization mechanisms of adsorption,precipitation,surface complexation,and cation exchange between biochar and metal(loid)ions.In addition,the performance of biochar in remediating heavy metal(loid)s also leads to considerable improvements in soil conditions.Additionally,many factors that influence metal(loid)immobilization by biochar in soil,such as pH,redox potential,microorganisms,and climate regime,are highlighted.Finally,this paper emphasizes that using modified biochars as an immobilizing agent for remediation of heavy metal(loid)-polluted soils is promising and would be practicable if a comprehensive mechanism of their long-term stability in soil is well elucidated.

关键词： amendment immobilization pollutant strategy surface chemistry

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Combination of artificial zeolite and microbial fertilizer to improve mining soils in an arid area of Inner Mongolia,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第9期15卷 1067-1083页

作者： LI Wenye ZHANG Jianfeng SONG Shuangshuang LIANG Yao SUN Baoping WU Yi MAO Xiao LIN Yachao School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China China ENFI Engineering Co. Ltd.Beijing 100038China PIESAT Information Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 100195China Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Shanxi Dadi Minji Ecological Environment Co. Ltd.Beijing BranchBeijing 100083China Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wangcheng DistrictChangsha 410211China

Restoration of mining soils is important to the vegetation and environment.This study aimed to explore the variations in soil nutrient contents,microbial abundance,and biomass under different gradients of substrate amendments in mining soils to select effective measures.Soil samples were collected from the Bayan Obo mining region in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.Contents of soil organic matter(SOM),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),microbial biomass carbon/microbial biomass nitrogen(MBC/MBN)ratio,biomass,and bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes abundance were assessed in Agropyron cristatum L.Gaertn.,Elymus dahuricus Turcz.,and Medicago sativa L.soils with artificial zeolite(AZ)and microbial fertilizer(MF)applied at T0(0 g/kg),T1(5 g/kg),T2(10 g/kg),and T3(20 g/kg).Redundancy analysis(RDA)and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)were used to identify the main factors controlling the variation of biomass.Results showed that chemical indices and microbial content of restored soils were far greater than those of control.The application of AZ significantly increases SOM,AN,and AP by 20.27%,23.61%,and 40.43%,respectively.AZ significantly increased bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes abundance by 0.63,3.12,and 1.93 times of control,respectively.RDA indicated that AN,MBC/MBN ratio,and SOM were dominant predictors for biomass across samples with AZ application,explaining 87.6%of the biomass variance.SOM,MBC/MBN ratio,and AK were dominant predictors with MF application,explaining 82.9%of the biomass variance.TOPSIS indicated that T2 was the best dosage and the three plant species could all be used to repair mining soils.AZ and MF application at T2 concentration in the mining soils with M.sativa was found to be the most appropriate measure.

关键词： amendment arid area mining soils restoration soil nutrition

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Bamboo biochar greater enhanced Cd/Zn accumulation in Salix psammophila under non-flooded soil compared with flooded

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1072-1088页

作者： Xiaogang Li Yini Cao Jiang Xiao Mir Md Abdus Salam Guangcai Chen Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry73Daqiao RdHangzhou 311400ZhejiangChina Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education School of EcologyEnvironment and ResourcesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Forest Sciences University of Eastern FinlandYliopistokatu 7P.O.Box 11180100 JoensuuFinland Natural Resources Institute Finland(LUKE) Yliopistokatu 6B80100 JoensuuFinland

As a metal immobilizer,biochar can be used to remediate contaminated soil.Biochar’s effect on the phytoremediation process in flooded conditions under a scenario of increasing flooding frequency as global climate change is not well understood.This study investigated bamboo biochar(BBC)effects on growth and metal accumulation of Salix in multi-metal contaminated soil under non-flooded versus flooded conditions.Salix cuttings were cultivated in pots with severely contaminated soil by Cd and Zn,for 120 days,with four treatments including non-flooded treatment,flooded treatment,non-flooded with 3%BBC application(BBC/soil,w/w),and flooded with 3%BBC addition.BBC,flooding,and BBC×flooding significantly decreased the bioavailability of metals in soils(Pamendment under non-flooded treatment,while showing insignificant changes under flooded treatment.Although the plant biomass was little affected,BBC significantly increased Cd and Zn accumulation in the whole plant by 52.53%and 28.52%under non-flooded while showing an insignificant impact under flooded conditions.Taken together,BBC enhanced the phytoremediation efficiency of Salix to Cd and Zn in severely polluted non-flooded soil,while flooding offset this effect.The results indicated the effects of BBC varied under different soil moisture,which should be considered in the biochar-assisted phytoremediation to variable and complex environments.

关键词： Heavy metals amendment Salix Phytoremediation Soil flooding

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Japan's Political Situation vs.the Constitutional amendment

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Contemporary International Relations 2020年第1期30卷 110-131页

作者： Hu Lingyuan Kou Jianqiao the Research Center of Japan at Fudan University the Institute of International Relations and Public Affairs at Fudan University

The year 2019 marks the seventh anniversary of Shinzo Abe's return to office,alongside the administration's obsession with Constitutional amendment.During the 25th House of Councillors selection in July,Prime Minister Abe changed the rules applied for the four national elections in 2012,wrote the Self-Defense Forces into the Constitution and the Liberal Democratic Party(LDP)convention,and deliberately made the amendment a focal point of controversy in his election campaign.However,when the results of the election came out,the pro-amendment forces,with the LDP at their core,didn't reach the two-thirds majority threshold required for Constitutional revision.Going forwards,the Abe-led Liberal Democratic Party will strive to consolidate Constitutional amendment forces in the National Diet,hoping to cross the majority threshold,and at the same time to coerce opposition parties to comply with passing LDP draft revisions to the Constitution in the National Diet as soon as possible,in order to submit these to national referendum.In the meantime,preparatory works for this referendum are being carried out through the use of political resources to mobilize public support.Whether Abe can reach the political objective of Constitutional amendment during his current term of office and how the Constitutional issue in Japan will play out is sure to attract global attention.

关键词： Japan politics House of Councillors election Constitutional amendment in explicit text trend of Constitutional amendment

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Comparative Studies on US Lacey Act amendment and EU Timber Regulation

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Chinese Forestry Science and Technology 2012年第3期11卷 24-31页

作者： SU Haiying CHEN Yong LI Ming Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information Chinese Academy of Forestry

The US and EU markets are the main destinations of Chinese forest products.Through analyzing the similarities and differences between the US Lacey Act amendment and the EU Timber Regulation,the paper focused on how to realize better compatibility and practicality of Chinese timber legality verification scheme in terms of verification standard setting,verification procedures,pilot work of timber legality verification scheme,capacity-building trainings and studies on key problems.

关键词： Lacey Act amendment EU Timber Regulation comparative study

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Application of Bio-Solids as Soil amendment in Arid Rangeland of Jordan

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第3期8卷 344-357页

作者： Saad M. AlAyyash Odah M. Al-Meshan Rania S. Shatnawi Civil Engineering Department Al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Freelance Amman Jordan Civil Engineering Department Applied Science University Amman Jordan

Due to long drought periods and over utilizing of range lands in the arid lands of Jordan, the land is degraded and lost most of its natural vegetation. To rehabilitate the natural vegetation cover, there is a need to enhance the fertility of soil to be able to support vegetation under limited amounts of rainfall. One of the available and viable options that might be able to provide a solution for the soil poverty is applying materials with high organic contents such as biosolid. Bio-solids are nutrient-rich organic materials from the treatment of domestic sewage in a wastewater treatment facility. Bio-solids are a beneficial resource, containing essential plant nutrients and organic matter and are recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. A pilot study is designed based on randomized block design in which five treatments are used to represent the loading rates of bio-solids application. These loads were 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 tons/ha with four replicates for the control and each application load. Samples from Bio-solid, soil and plants are tested for chemicals and microbes. Chemical tests include: As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn, while microbial tests include: total fecal Coliform, Salmonella, and Helminthes eggs. Results of total microbial count in bio-solids, soil and plant samples indicated that there were no detectable counts found in all of the experimental plots. Results showed increase in most of the heavy metals concentration in soil treated with bio-solids from that of soil in control plots;some of these elements doubled after applying the bio-solid. For the dry plant matter, analysis for heavy metals showed that most of the heavy metals studied were below the detection limit. Only the Cr, Cu and Zn are changed but not significantly compared with the control plot. Results obtained were showed that the highest dry biomass value was obtained with bio-solids loading rate 40 tons/ha and more. Increasing rate of application after 40 tons/ha did not show significant differences in the biomass

关键词： Bio-Solid Arid Lands Soil amendment Rangelands Jordan

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Biochar as a Soil amendment Tool: Effects on Soil Properties and Yield of Maize and Cabbage in Brong-Ahafo Region, Ghana

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2020年第3期10卷 91-108页

作者： Gilbert Ayine Akolgo Francis Kemausuor Edward Abingya Awafo Emmanuel Amankwah Thomas Atta-Darkwa Eric Osei Essandoh Ato Bart-Plange Claudia Maria Branco de Freitas Maia Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of Energy and Natural Resource Sunyani Ghana Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering KNUST Kumasi Ghana Embrapa Forestry Estrada da Ribeira km111 Colombo Brazil

Ghana’s soil is continuously declining in fertility due to continuous cultivation and rapid mineralization of its soil organic matter. Previous studies have touted the potential of biochar to help improve soil properties and increase the yield of crops. This study investigated the effects of the application of biochar on physicochemical properties of soil and the yield of maize and cabbage in Ghana. The study indicated that application of biochar significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM) from 3.88% (for control) to 5.72% (for biochar application rate 20 ton/ha and 0 ton/ha of NPK). It also increased soil pH from 6.55 in (for control) to 7.30 (for biochar application rate 20 ton/ha) and 0 ton/ha of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) which can help ameliorate the soil acidity problem of Ghanaian soils. This field study, demonstrated that addition of biochar from sawdust increased the yield (between the control (0 ton/ha of biochar, 0% of recommended dose of NPK) and 20 ton/ha, 0% recommended dose of NPK) of maize and cabbage by 6.66% and 7.57% respectively. This study concluded that application of biochar offers a great potential to improve soil quality and the yield of maize and cabbage in Ghana.

关键词： Biochar Physicochemical Properties Soil amendment Ghana Maize Yield

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Growth Medium and Soil amendment Influence on Seedling Growth Responses of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum)

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Journal of Botanical Research 2019年第3期1卷 16-26页

作者： Olubode Olusegun Olufemi Yisau Oluwaseun Peter Olubode Adebanke Ayooluwa Oyegoke Clara Olabisi Department of Horticulture Federal University of AgricultureP.M.B.2240AbeokutaOgun StateNigeria Department of Soil Science&Land Management Federal University of AgricultureP.M.B.2240AbeokutaOgun StateNigeria

African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) classified as a forest food treewith economic potentials requires domestication attention for improvedproductivity. A study conducted in Abeokuta, Nigeria in 2017 using oneyear old C. albidum seedlings determined the plant’s growth responseswhen cultivated using different growth medium and soil amendmentmethods. The 3 x 9 factorial experiment was arranged in a CompletelyRandomized Design (CRD) at three replications. Three textural soil types(sandy, loamy and clayey soils) were evaluated using nine soil amendmentmethods (5, 10, 15t/ha poultry manure (PM) and 150, 250 and 500kg/haNPK, and integrated amendment methods using 5t/ha PM+150kg/ha NPKand 10t/ha PM+150kg/ha NPK), and the un-amended plot as control. Theresults showed that plants in loamy and clayey soils had more leaves comparedto those in sandy soil only at 74WAS. C. albidum had most numerousleaves with 150 kg/ha, taller plant and wider canopy with 250 kg/ha, andthicker girth with all NPK rates compared to control, manure rates and integratedfertilizers. The plants with loamy soil had highest CPC, Ash C, FC,starch and sugar. Plants with inorganic fertilizers and integrated fertilizershad higher FW and DW compared to manure rates. The 5 t/ha manure rateand the 250 kg/ha NPK produced plants with high sugar content and werelowest in starch content compared to other applied rates. In conclusion, C.albidum from juvenile to vegetative stage with proper management can begrown on the different soil types while the 150 kg/ha NPK fertilizer rateappeared as optimum for the plant growth.

关键词： African Star Apple Chrysophyllum albidum Growth responses Growth medium Soil amendment Nutrient uptake Proximate content

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Changes in distribution and microstructure of bauxite residue aggregates following amendments addition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 276-286页

作者： Shengguo Xue Yuzhen Ye Feng Zhu Qiongli Wang Jun Jiang William Hartley School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Crop and Environment Sciences Department Harper Adams UniversityNewport

Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline byproduct which is routinely discarded at residue disposal areas. Improving soil formation process to revegetate the special degraded lands is a promising strategy for sustainable management of the refining industry. A laboratory incubation experiment was used to evaluate the effects of gypsum and vermicompost on stable aggregate formation of bauxite residue. Aggregate size distribution was quantified by fractal theory, whilst residue microstructure was determined by scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography. amendments addition increased the content of macro-aggregates(> 250 μm) and enhanced aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Following gypsum and vermicompost addition, fractal dimension decreased from 2.84 to 2.77, which indicated a more homogeneous distribution of aggregate particles. Images from scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional microstructure demonstrated that amendments stimulate the formation of improved structure in residue aggregates. Pore parameters including porosity, pore throat surface area, path length, and path tortuosity increased under amendment additions. Changes in aggregate size distribution and microstructure of bauxite residue indicated that additions of gypsum and vermicompost were beneficial to physical condition of bauxite residue which may enhance the ease of vegetation.

关键词： Bauxite residue Fractal characteristics Aggregate microstructure Substrate amendment Soil formation

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