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High cadmium pollution risk on vegetable amaranth and a selection for pollution-safe cultivars to lower the risk

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第2期7卷 219-230页

作者： YihuiZHOU Meng XUE Zhongyi YANG Yulian GONG Jiangang YUAN Chunyan ZHOU Baifei HUANG State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Heshan Agricultural Bureau Heshan 529700 China

A pot experiment was carried out by growing 29 different genotypes （amaranthus spp.） of vegetable amaranth under low- （0.12 mg. kg-1） and middle- （0.40 mg · kg-1） cadmium （Cd） exposure. The result showed that amaranth was vulnerable to cadmium （Cd） contamination in soil. Variations of Cd concentrations in both roots and edible parts among genotypes were significant （P 〈 0.001） in both treatments. Cd concentrations in edible parts of the tested genotypes grown under low- and middle-Cd levels were significantly correlated （p 〈 0.01）, implying that Cd- accumulating property of amaranth is genotype-dependent. Differences in Cd chemical forms between cv. Nanxing- dayemashixian （cv. Nan）, a selected typical pollution-safe cultivar （Cd-PSC）, and cv. Pennongjianyexian （cv. Pen）, a selected typical non-Cd-PSC, under different Cd exposure conditions were compared. It was found that the alternation of Cd in FNaC1 （Cd form extracted by 1 mol.L-1NaC1） may be a key factor in regulating Cd accumulation of different amaranth genotypes and that the protein-binding Cd is considered to be associated with Cd translocation. The results indicated that amaranth is capable of enduring high level of Cd pollution when grown as vegetable crop, and accordingly, consuming vegetable amaranth would bring high health risk. Therefore, adopting Cd-PSC strategy would help reducing the risk of Cd pollution in amaranth. In this study, cv. Nan was identified as a Cd-PSC and recommended to be applied production practice.

关键词： amaranth Cadmium (Cd) Cd accumulation,pollution-safe cultivar (PSC) Cd chemical forms healthrisk

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Screening of amaranth Cultivars(amaranthus mangostanus L.) for Cadmium Hyperaccumulation

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第3期8卷 342-351页

作者： FAN Hong-li ZHOU Wei Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization Ministry of Agriculture~Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R. China

The potential harm of soil cadmium pollution to ecological environment and human health has been increasingly widely concerned. Phytoremediation, as a kind of new and effective technology, has become an important method for cleaning up cadmium in contaminated sites. The amaranth （amaranthus mangostanus L.） is widely distributed and has abundant varieties in China, its rapid growth and large biomass can be served as candidate for cadmium hyperaccumulators for phytoremediation. To obtain cadmium hyper-accumulator, Cd uptake in 23 amaranth cultivars from different ecological region was investigated under hydroponic culture condition. Meanwhile, pot experiment was established to probe phytoremediation potentiality of Cd contaminated soil by amaranth. Three treatment （Cd 5, 10, and 25 mg kg^-1） were imposed to red soil, yellow brown soil, and vegetable soil. The results showed that under hydroponic culture with Cd 3 mg L^-1, the cadmium concentration in the shoots of the cultivar Tianxingmi reached 260 mg kg^-1, and its total cadmium uptake was the highest among various cultivars. In the treatment Cd 25 mg kg^-1, the cadmium concentration in the shoots of the cultivar Tianxingmi reached 212 mg kg^-1, while bioaccumulation factor and shoot purification rate reached 8.50 and 3.8%, respectively. Further, the total biomass and shoot biomass were not decreased significantly under Cd exposure. These results suggested that cultivar Tianxingmi is a typical Cd hyperaccumulator, and can be expected to be used in phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil.

关键词： cadmium hyperaccumulation amaranth phytoremediation

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Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensor for amaranth Detection With Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles

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Photonic Sensors 2023年第2期13卷 1-13页

作者： Fatma Ozge OZGUR DuyguÇIMEN Adil DENIZLI Nilay BERELI Department of Chemistry Hacettepe UniversityAnkara 06800Turkey

amaranth imprinted nanoparticless were prepared by two-phase mini emulsion polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate using acrylamide and methacrylic acid as functional *** amaranth non-imprinted nanoparticle was prepared with the same procedure without using *** imprinted and non-imprinted nanoparticles were attached on the chip surface modified with allyl *** surfaces of the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensor were characterized by the ellipsometry,contact angle,and atomic force *** solutions with different concentrations(0.1 mg/mL-150mg/mL)were prepared with the pH 7.4 phosphate *** limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.0180mg/mL and 0.06mg/mL,*** the selectivity of the amaranth imprinted SPR sensor was compared with the competing molecules tartrazine and allura red,it was observed that the target molecule amaranth was 5.64 times and 5.18 times more selective than allura red and tartrazine,*** liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique(LC-MS)was used for validation *** to the results obtained from both SPR sensor and LC-MS analyses,the amaranth recovery(%)from fruit juices was observed between 96%and 99%.

关键词： amaranth surface plasmon resonance sensors fruit juice molecular imprinting

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Influence of Water Quality, Formulation, Adjuvant, Rainfastness, and Nozzle Type on Efficacy of Fomesafen on Palmer amaranth (amaranthus palmeri) Control

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第8期9卷 1660-1676页

作者： Vijay K. Nandula William T. Molin Jason A. Bond United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Stoneville MS USA Delta Research and Extension Center Mississippi State University Stoneville MS USA

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors are one of the few remaining postemergence herbicide options for controlling Palmer amaranth in soybean growing areas of Mississippi, USA. Most Palmer amaranth populations in Mississippi are resistant to both glyphosate and acetolactate synthase inhibitors. Resistance to PPO inhibiting herbicides in Palmer amaranth has very recently been reported in Arkansas, Tennessee, and isolated pockets of Mississippi. A significant proportion of reports of PPO inhibitor failures in Mississippi are not considered to be resistance-related at this time. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate factors affecting the efficacy of fomesafen on Palmer amaranth including: quality of spray carrier (water), formulations, adjuvant, rainfastness, and nozzle type. All water samples and formulation combinations provided >95% control of Palmer amaranth 3 WAT. Some combinations of water samples and formulations did not result in complete control of the treated plants, with one or two individuals surviving 3 WAT. Formulation 1 provided 99% control compared to 95% from formulation 2. Irrespective of combinations of herbicide, adjuvant and height, control of Palmer amaranth was ≥91%. Formulation 1 provided 94% control compared to 88% from formulation 2. The adjuvant x height interaction was significant, owing to a 10% reduction in control of larger plants (86%) compared to smaller plants (96%) in presence of COC. COC provided better control (93%) than NIS (88%). Simulated rainfall applied ≥60 min after herbicide application did not adversely affect efficacy on Palmer amaranth when formulation 1 was applied in combination with NIS, with control ranging from 94% to 100%. Formulation 1 with COC provided ≥93% control at all rainfall application times, except 30 min after herbicide treatment, which resulted in 79% control. Formulation 2 provided better control with COC (79% to 100%) than NIS (71% to 90%), in general, across the rainfall treat

关键词： Adjuvant Fomesafen Formulation Nozzle Palmer amaranth Rainfastness Soybean Water Quality

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Bioassay and Characterization of Several Palmer amaranth (amaranthus palmeri) Biotypes with Varying Tolerances to Glyphosate

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第5期4卷 1029-1037页

作者： Robert E. Hoagland Robin H. Jordan Neal D. Teaster US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville USA.

The wide distribution of Palmer amaranth (amaranthus palmeri) in the southern US became a serious weed control problem prior to the extensive use of glyphosate-resistant crops. Currently glyphosate-resistant populations of Palmer amaranth occur in many areas of this geographic region creating an even more serious threat to crop production. Investigations were undertaken using four biotypes (one glyphosate-sensitive, one resistant from Georgia and two of unknown tolerance from Mississippi) of Palmer amaranth to assess bioassay techniques for the rapid detection and level of resistance in populations of this weed. These plants were characterized with respect to chlorophyll, betalain, and protein levels and immunological responses to an antibody of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) the target site of glyphosate. Only slight differences were found in four biotypes grown under greenhouse conditions regarding extractable soluble protein and chlorophyll content, but one biotype was found to be devoid of the red pigment, betalain. Measurement of early growth (seedling shoot elongation) of seedlings was a useful detection tool to determine glyphosate resistance. A leaf disc bioassay (using visual ratings and/or chlorophyll analysis) and an assay for shikimate accumulation were effective methods for determining herbicide resistance levels. The two unknown biotypes were found to be resistant to this herbicide. Some differences were found in the protein profiles of the biotypes, and western blots demonstrated a weak labeling of antibody in the glyphosate-sensitive biotype, whereas strong labeling occurred in the resistant plants. This latter point supports research by others, that increased copy number of the EPSPS gene (and increased EPSPS protein levels) is the resistance mechanism in this species. Results indicate the utility of certain bioassays for the determination of resistance and provide useful comparative information on the levels of inherent constit

关键词： amaranthus palmeri Betalain Chlorophyll EPSPS Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds Palmer amaranth Pigweed Western Blot

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Optimization of Extrusion Process for Producing High Antioxidant Instant amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacusL.) Flour Using Response Surface Methodology

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第10期3卷 1516-1525页

作者： Jorge Milán-Carrillo Alvaro Montoya-Rodríguez Roberto Gutiérrez-Dorado Xiomara Perales-Sánchez Cuauhtémoc Reyes-Moreno Maestria en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Sinaloa México Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Sinaloa México

The objective of this research was to determine the best combination of extrusion process variables for the production of a high antioxidant extruded amaranth flour (EAF) suitable to elaborate a nutraceutical beverage. Extrusion operation conditions were obtained from a factorial combination of process variables: Extrusion temperature (ET, 70℃ - 130?℃) and screw speed (SS, 100 - 220 rpm). Response surface methodology was employed as optimization technique;both the numeric and graphical methods were applied to obtain maximum values for response variables [Antioxidant capacity (AoxC) and water solubility index (WSI)]. The best combination of extrusion process variables was: Extrusion tem- perature (ET) = 130℃/Screw speed (SS) = 124 rpm. The raw amaranth flour (RAF) and optimized extruded amaranth flour (EAF) had an antioxidant activity of 3475 and 3903 μmol Trolox equivalents/100 g sample (dw), respectively. A 200 mL portion of the beverage prepared with 22 g of optimized EAF contained 3.16 g proteins, 1.09 g lipids, 17.39 g carbohydrates and 92 kcal. This portion covers 25.3% and 16.9% of the daily protein requirements for children 1-3 and 4 - 8 years old, respectively. A 200 mL portion of the beverage from optimized EAF contributes with 15.5% - 25.5% of the recommended daily intake for antioxidants, respectively. The nutraceutical beverage was evaluated with an average acceptability of 8.4 (level of satisfaction between “I like it” and “I like it extremely”) and could be used for health promotion and disease prevention as an alternative to beverages with low nutritional/nutraceutical value.

关键词： Optimization amaranth Flour Antioxidant Activity Extrusion Nutraceutical Beverage

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Utilization of amaranth Flour in Preparation of High Nutritional Value Bakery Products

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第5期11卷 336-354页

作者： Seham Yehia Gebreil Maha Ibrahim Kamal Ali Esraa Ahmed Mohamed Mousa Department of Crops Technology Research Food Technology Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Giza Egypt Department of Special Food and Nutrition Food Technology Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Giza Egypt

amaranth has become an unconventional crop that interesting of scientists and researchers due to its unique nutritional properties, in addition to bear the water lack and be suitable for all types of soil. The objective of this study was to utilize amaranth flour in preparation of high nutritional value bakery products, crackers and tortilla produced by using amaranth flour instead of corn flour (w/w) by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% levels substitution. The prepared products were evaluated for its chemical composition, minerals content, amino acids composition, fatty acid composition, color analysis, biological active compounds analysis and sensory evaluation. Results showed that substitution with amaranth flour increased protein, fat, ash and fiber. As for minerals and amino acid, it indicated that the formula No. 3 (25% corn flour/75% amaranth flour) in crackers and the formula No. 2 (50% corn flour/50% amaranth flour) in tortilla contained higher amount of minerals such as iron, calcium, potassium, zinc, magnesium, manganese, copper and phosphorus, and of the essential amino acids such as Leucine, Lysine and valine. On the other hand the formula No. 3 in crackers had the highest unsaturated fatty acids content and lowest of total saturated fatty acids content. While the formula No. 2 in tortilla had the highest saturated fatty acids content and lowest of unsaturated fatty acids content. The results also showed that the incorporation of amaranth flour in the preparation of the crackers and tortilla led to significantly decreased yellowness and lightness compared with control. Also, results indicated that crackers and tortilla which prepared with amaranth flour exhibited higher antioxidant activity than control formulas. Concerning sensory evaluation of crackers, results showed significant decrease in appearance, color and overall acceptability while, tortilla had significant decrease in general appearance, color and total score at all formulas. Based on the results

关键词： amaranth High Nutritional Value Crackers Tortilla Nutritional Benefits

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Teff, Buckwheat, Quinoa and amaranth: Ancient Whole Grain Gluten-Free Egg-Free Pasta

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第15期6卷 1460-1467页

作者： Talwinder S. Kahlon Mei-Chen M. Chiu Western Regional Research Center USDA-ARS Healthy Processes Foods Research Albany USA

This report demonstrates innovative ancient whole grains, gluten-free, egg-free pasta (no chemicals added) made using a kitchen counter-top appliance. Whole grain, fusilli pasta was prepared with teff, buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth flours. These ancient grains are called “Super Foods” due to their ideal essential amino acids and mineral profiles. Dough formulations contained 95% whole grain flour and 5% guar gum. Taste panels of 62 in-house volunteers judged amaranth pasta significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in color/appearance than other pastas tested. Odor/aroma of buckwheat pasta and texture/mouth-feel of teff pasta were significantly better than quinoa and amaranth pasta. Acceptance and taste/flavor of teff and buckwheat pasta were similar and significantly higher than quinoa and amaranth pasta (teff = buckwheat > quinoa > amaranth). The USDA food guide recommends that at least 1/2 of all the grains eaten should be whole grains. The FDA allows food Health Claim labels for food containing 51% whole gains and 11 g of dietary fiber per serving. Novel health promoting whole grain, good source of protein, gluten-free, egg-free (no chemicals added) pasta had acceptance of teff 87%, buckwheat 82%, quinoa 61% and amaranth 15%. amaranth pasta needs improvement in several sensory attributes by fortification, processing and/or use of other cultivars for the desired results. Ancient whole grain, gluten-free, egg-free pasta would increase whole grain consumption and offer a healthy option to vegetarians as well as to gluten sensitive individuals.

关键词： Teff Buckwheat Quinoa amaranth Ancient Grains Gluten-Free Pasta

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Interaction of the Bioherbicide Myrothecium verrucariawith Technical-Grade Glyphosate on Glyphosate-Susceptible and -Resistant Palmer amaranth

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第11期9卷 2306-2319页

作者： Robert E. Hoagland C. Douglas Boyette Robin H. Jordan Kenneth C. Stetina Crop Production Systems Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville MS USA Biological Control of Pests Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville MS USA

Previously we found that a strain of Myrothecium verrucaria (MV) exhibited bioherbicidal activity against several important weeds, and that some commercial formulations of glyphosate applied with MV resulted in synergistic interactions that improved weed control efficacy. We also found that MV had bioherbicidal activity against glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. We have also reported that some commercial formulations are inhibitory to MV. Our objectives were to test the effect of unformulated glyphosate (high purity, technical-grade glyphosate) alone and in combination with MV for bioherbicidal activity on glyphosate-susceptible and -resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes under greenhouse conditions and to examine technical-grade glyphosate on the growth of this bioherbicide. High purity glyphosate (without adjuvants/surfactants) was not toxic to MV growth and sporulation at concentrations up to 2.0 mM when grown on agar supplemented with the herbicide. Both biotypes were injured by MV and MV plus glyphosate treatments as early as 19 h after application (3 h after a dew period of 16 h). These injury effects increased and were more evident through the 6-day time course, when after 120 h the MV plus glyphosate treatment had killed all glyphosate-susceptible and -resistant plants. The interaction of glyphosate plus MV was synergistic toward the control of Palmer amaranth. Data strongly suggest that the active ingredient is responsible for the synergy previously found when this bioherbicide was combined with some commercial formulations of glyphosate. Results demonstrated that MV can control both glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible Palmer amaranth seedlings and act synergistically with high-purity glyphosate to provide improved weed control.

关键词： amaranthus palmeri Biocontrol Agent Bioherbicide Biological Weed Control Glyphosate-Resistance Myrothecium verrucaria Palmer amaranth Pigweed

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The Comparison of amaranth Decolorization Ability for Two Types of Biological Consortia

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Journal of Life Sciences 2012年第5期6卷 550-556页

作者： Yovana Todorova Mihaela Kirilova Raycho Dimkov Yana Topalova Faculty of Biology Sofia University 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd. Sofia 1164 Bulgaria

The two types of biological consortia--real activated sludge and laboratory adapted consortium were immobilized in polyethylene oxide cryogels. Their potential to decolorize the anionic azo dye amaranth in sequencing batch biofilters was studied. At a growing concentration of azo dye （20 mg·L^-1, 25 mg·L^-1, 30 mg·L^-1） the biofilters had a mean feeding rate of 30.32 ± 25.78 mL^-1·h^-1 and 13.76 ：t： 8.33 mL^-1·h^-1, respectively for immobilized adapted consortia （AC） and activated sludge （AS）. The AC-biofilter reached an overall decolorization rate of 0.211 ± 0.14 mg ***1 and a decolorization effectiveness of 60.28 ：t： 32.42%. In contrast, the mean values for overall decolorization rate and effectiveness in AS-biofilter were 0.249 ± 0.16 mg ***^-1·h^-1 and 82.48± 14.41%. The system with immobilized activated sludge had more stable process dynamics and higher tolerance to shock azo dye loading in the first stage of the process. The immobilized adapted consortium presented a good ability to adequate response at higher azo dye concentrations and loading.

关键词： Decolorization biofilms activated sludge and adapted consortium amaranth textile wastewater.

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