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Impacts of Human Activities on the Occurrence of Groundwater Nitrate in an alluvial plain: A Multiple Isotopic Tracers Approach

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第1期24卷 111-124页

作者：庞忠和袁利娟黄天明孔彦龙刘记来李义曼 Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Team of Beijing

Nitrate pollution is a severe problem in areas with intensive agricultural activities. This study focuses on nitrate occurrence and its constraints in a selected alluvial fan using chemical data combined with environmental isotopic tracers （180, 3H, and lSN）. Results show that groundwater nitrate in the study area is as high as 258.0 mg/L （hereafter NO3） with an average of 86.8 mg/L against national drinking water limit of 45 mg/L and a regional baseline value of 14.4 mg/L. Outside of the riparian zone, nitrate occurrence is closely related to groundwater circulation and application of chemical fertilizer.High groundwater nitrate is found in the re- charge area, where nitrate enters into ground- water through vertical infiltration, correspond- ing to high 3H and enriched 1SO in the water. In the riparian zone, on the contrary, the fate of groundwater nitrate is strongly affected by groundwater level. Based on two sampling tran- sects perpendicular to the riverbank, we found that the high level of nitrate corresponds to the deeper water table （25 m） near the urban center, where groundwater is heavily extracted.Groundwater nitrate is much lower （〈12.4 mg/L） at localities with a shallow water table （5 m）, which is likely caused by denitrification in the aquifer.

关键词： nitrate alluvial plain environmental isotope fertilizer application groundwater exploitation.

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Impacts of Human Activities on the Occurrence of Groundwater Nitrate in an alluvial plain:A Multiple Isotopic Tracers Approach

Impacts of Human Activities on the Occurrence of Groundwater...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2013年度（第13届）...

作者：庞忠和袁利娟黄天明孔彦龙刘记来李义曼 Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Team of Beijing

Nitrate pollution is a severe problem in areas with intensive agricultural activities.This study focuses on nitrate occurrence and its constraints in a selected alluvial fan using chemical data combined with environmental isotopic tracers(O,H,and N).Results show that groundwater nitrate in the study area is as high as 258.0 mg/L(hereafter NO) with an average of 86.8 mg/L against national drinking water limit of 45 mg/L and a regional baseline value of 14.4 mg/L.Outside of the riparian zone, nitrate occurrence is closely related to groundwater circulation and application of chemical fertilizer. High groundwater nitrate is found in the recharge area,where nitrate enters into groundwater through vertical infiltration,corresponding to high H and enriched O in the water.In the riparian zone,on the contrary,the fate of groundwater nitrate is strongly affected by groundwater level.Based on two sampling transects perpendicular to the riverbank,we found that the high level of nitrate corresponds to the deeper w ater table(25 m) near the urban center, where groundwater is heavily extracted. Groundwater nitrate is much lower(<12.4 mg/L) at localities with a shallow water table(5 m),which is likely caused by denitrification in the aquifer.

关键词： nitrate alluvial plain environmental isotope fertilizer application groundwater exploitation

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Springs Emerging along the Elevation Gradient Indicate Intensive Groundwater-Surface Water Exchange in an Alpine Headwater Catchment, Northwestern China

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第1期34卷 181-193页

作者： Yalu Hu Ziyong Sun Rui Ma School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan430078China Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-Restoration China University of GeosciencesWuhan430078China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentWuhan430078China Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan430078China

Groundwater plays an important role in sustaining the streamflow in cold alpine area, but is poorly understood due to a lack of direct access. About 98 groups of springs are observed at the upper reaches of Heihe River Basin, which provide an opportunity to explore the main aquifers. Springs are clustered in three groups according to locations:(1) springs on the moraine and talus deposits;(2) springs at the end of alluvial plain in lower topography;(3) springs along the river bank. The hydrometric, geochemical and isotopic data of springs in a representative catchment were integrated and used to elucidate the groundwater flow paths. Results indicate the Quaternary porous aquifers in the alpine catchment have a profound influence on the regional groundwater flow paths and the groundwater and surface water(GW-SW) interactions. The aquifer consisting of alluvial-pluvial deposits has a great capacity of groundwater storage and plays a vital role in regulating discharge by attenuating the seasonal variation and maintaining the main stream in cold seasons. This is different from the fast recharge and discharge mode of the moraine and talus deposits. Our work highlights the importance of loose deposits in controlling the GW-SW interactions in the cold alpine area.

关键词： springs alpine catchments groundwater groundwater-surface water interactions alluvial plain

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SEDIMENT PROBLEMS AT DUJIANGYAN PROJECT

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International Journal of Sediment Research 1990年第2期 31-42页

作者： Xu Muju (Former Chief Engineer, Sichuan Provincial Design Institute of Water Resources and Electrical Power.)

With a history of over 2200 years, Dujiangyan is an ancient and great hydraulic project in China. This article consists of four parts. (1) The geographical environment and historical perspective of the project; (2) Benefits of the project; (3) Reasons for its perennial existence; and (4) Flow monitoring and the develop- ment of the area irrigated.

关键词： Diversion headwork Bifurcation Regulation Side-channel spillway alluvial plain Sedi- ment exclusion Sediment deposit Maintenance work Bed load Suspended load.

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